Environmental and Technological Aspects of Converter Slag Utilization in Sintering and Blast-Furnace Production

The paper presents calculation results for predictive conditions of blast furnace operation with the use of converter slag in the iron ore portion of the blast furnace burden. It shows that addition of converter slag in the sinter and blast-furnace burden without correction of the operating conditions is not reasonable as it significantly worsens parameters of blast furnace operation. Long-term operation of blast furnaces with addition of converter slag in the burden will be accompanied by gradual accumulation of phosphorus in metal and will lead to increasing problems regarding phosphorus removal at the converter production stage. The use of converter slag makes it possible to increase the consumption of non-fluxed pellets without changing the sinter basicity and improve parameters of blast-furnace smelting.  The problem of efficient and continuous use of converter slag in blast furnaces can be solved by the complex analysis of this problem: evaluation of economic feasibility of its use as a fluxing agent; feasibility study of this issue for the “blast-furnace production – converter production” complex; analysis of environmental problems during operation at the factory and in the region. Keywords: blast-furnace process, converter slag, slag conditions, iron composition, smelting parameters, coke consumptio

Structure of the Optimal Management System for Raw Materials, Fuel and Energy Resources in Blast-furnace Production

The structure of optimization model of optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in the blast-furnace shop of iron and steel works is represented. The following blocks are taken as system basis: (1) calculation of the set of parameters that characterize the thermal, gas-dynamic, slag and blasting modes for every blast furnaces of the shop during the base period; (2) calculation of linearized model coefficients (constants of transferring via different exposure pathways) individually for every blast furnace as well as properties of iron ore raw materials, fluxing additions, blasting parameters, parameters of fuel-enriched blast influencing the technical-and-economic indices of separate furnaces performance, their thermal, gasdynamic and slag operation modes in the course of blast-furnace melting according to UrFU-MMT blast-furnace production model within the base period; (3) solution of tasks that consider the optimal allocation of raw materials, fuel and energy resources for the project period of blast furnaces operation; (4) analysis of obtained results and providing of recommendations on the optimization of blast furnaces parameters. The developed functional model of optimal distribution of raw materials, fuel and energy resources for the engineering and technology personnel of blast-furnace shop is illustrated; the main functions and interconnections between the separate functional blocks are defined. The functions of created ‘Optimal management of raw materials, fuel and energy resources in the blast-furnace production’ software that is realized in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 (С# programming language) programming environment in the form of web application are pointed out. The program product provides the engineering and technology personnel of blast furnace shop of iron andsteel works with the opportunity to solve the tasks of optimal distribution of fuel and energy resources (natural gas and oxygen consumption) within the group of blast furnaces in the different technological situations. Keywords: blast-furnace production, resources distribution optimization, fuel and energy resources, raw material resources, functional modeling, decision support system, software developmen

Logical-mathematical Evaluation Model of Blast-furnace Melting Operation

The logical-mathematical evaluation model of blast-furnace melting operation is represented. The model provides an opportunity to evaluate the normal operation mode of blast furnace and further deviations from this mode such as overdeveloped gas flows (peripheral and central), violation of thermal melting conditions (hot and cold course of melt), violation of smooth descent of burned materials in the furnace (tight furnace operation, higher and lower suspension of burden). The functional capabilities of developed software are represented. Keywords: blast-furnace production, information logical system, software development, blast-furnace melting operation diagnostic

Assessing the shape of the viscoplastic iron-ore zone in a blast furnace

A mathematical model permits assessment of the position and shape of the viscoplastic iron-ore zone (cohesion zone) in a blast furnace and identification of a rational configuration for this zone on the basis of readily available information regarding the blast furnace in the baseline period. The model also permits the solution of design problems with variation in the furnace parameters. Modeling results are outlined for the baseline and design periods. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Simulation of heat-transfer processes and assessment of the viscoplastic parameters of iron ore in blast furnaces

Stages in the development of an information and simulation system for assessing the position and shape of the viscoplastic iron-ore zone (the cohesion zone) in the blast furnace are outlined. This system also permits diagnostics of the zone's optimal configuration on the basis of available operational information for the furnace in the baseline period. In addition, the system proves useful during the design period, with variation in the smelting parameters. The capabilities of the corresponding software are discussed, and its use in blast-furnace control at OAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat is demonstrated. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Environmental and Technological Aspects of Converter Slag Utilization in Sintering and Blast-Furnace Production

Political and Cultural Transfers in a Time of Revolution. The Netherlands 1795-1805One of the hallmarks of modern historiography is its strong engagement with the national scene. Yet despite this, European countries have always exchanged ideas and practices and influenced each other. This was the case, for example, between 1795 and 1805, during which period the Dutch had to rethink their society and their government. To do this, they entered into a deep and creative dialogue with France in particular, as well as America. The manner in which this took place and its consequences are explored in this paper