A Study of Accounting Information System Adoption in the Small and Medium Companies in Libya: A Technology Acceptance Model Approach

The small and medium sized companies in Libya are fast growing industry in Libya and there is a lot of potential and opportunities in this area from investment perspective. Due to uncertainty and geographic location in the region the SME's in Libya are providing very limited performance and mostly the Libyan economy is depending on Oil production. SME's are largest proportion of economics pillar in a country and it need to contribute through their small business efforts. In many countries, SME's has important role in creating employment and supporting economic growth. On the other hand these companies are lacking behind in term of adopting accounting information system among the SME's. The study is based on perceive ease of use, perceive usefulness and intention to use influencing dependent variable as AIS adoption among the SME's. Secondly the SME's are not satisfied, with the technology or the tool which is use to monitor accounting methods, as SME's adoption of AIS is one of the important factor that can influence companies performance and fulfill the audit requirements. Due to all the above reason these SME's are needed to find the ways to strategies there accounting base activities through AIS, as there is very limited research has been prevailed by Libyan SME's to improve their financial operational through AIS. The Libyan companies need strategic leaders who can create organization culture to influence to implement AIS practices and in the end of the day these SME's can have better performance. This study is unique as there are very few studies on Libyan SME's to measure adoption of AIS and this research have been never conducted on Libyan SME's before. This study will add value by providing a significant contribution towards adoption of AIS practices among the Libya SME's

Effects of Oily Vehicles on the Bio-availability of Orally Administered, Sodium Salicylates in Rabbit.

The bioavailability of sodium salicylate administered in aqueous, glycerin and oily vehicles was compared in rabbits. Glycerin formulation was compared with both aqueous and oily formulations using a two - way crossover test in eight rabbits, in each study. The results indicate that the oily formulation gave a lower rate of absorption and a greater extent of absorption than the other formulations. No significant difference in the rate and extent of absorption was shown between glycerin and aqueous formulations Possible reasons for the differences are discussed with particular reference to the effects of oils on the gastric emptying rate

Using Fuzzy Rules in Identifying Cybercrime in Iranian Banking System

Similar growth of security and information technology and non-slot between these two subjects are factors of comfort in human societies. Therefore, base on evidences, with popularity and prevalence of using internet, cybercrime increases everyday because of failure of achieving balanced growth points, so that methods of attacks and fraud have become more complex. Therefore, security of cyberspace is major concern of banks, corporations and insurance companies. The main goal of this paper is using fuzzy algorithm and recommending effective systemrsquos cybercrime identification. Proposed frameworks, identifies and reports suspected cases in two levels. First level is analysis of user information and second one is detecting wrong warnings

Hemodialysis, plea of availability versus adequecy gezira experience

Objectives: This is a prospective cross sectional study carried out in Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery (Sudan) to assess the adequacy of hemodialysis in 206 patients with end stage kidney disease on regular hemodialysis twice per week using.Methods: Pre and post hemodialysis blood sample were obtained from the study group, spKt/V and urea reduction ratio were calculated.Results: Mean Kt/v was found to be 1.19 and urea reduction ratio was 59.55%. None of the patients in this study group achieved the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) recommendations for adequate hemodialyis, since it requiresthree hemodialyis sessions per week and our patients are receiving two sessions per week.Conclusion: In order to improve the situation herewith we recommended increased number of sessions from two to three times per week and \or increase the duration of hemodialysis session, increase blood flow rate and dialysate flow rate. Moreover, decrease the number of patients onregular hemodialysis by encouraging the patients to take the other renal replacement therapy (peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantations)

Synthesis of tetrathioesters and tetrathioamides based p-tert- butylthiacalix[4]arene and studying their recognition abilities towards different metals by extraction

p-tert-Butylthiacalix[4]arene tetrathioesters 2a-c and tetrathioamides 4a-c in three different conformers (cone, partial cone and 1,3-alternate respectively) have been synthesized. The later were characterized by different physical methods IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray crystallography. Their recognition abilities towards different alkali, earth alkaline and transition metals such as (Na+, K+, Cs +, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Co2+) cations have been examined by metal picrate extraction from aqueous solutions into dichloromethane. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AS ANTIOXIDANTS FROM SOME PLANTS AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AGAINST BREAST CANCER CELL LINE

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the antioxidants and cytotoxic activities of phenolic extracts of some plants against breast cancer and normal cell lines.Methods: Phenolics were extracted from different parts of some plants (15) such as seeds, fruits, leaves, and rhizomes using methanol: ethanol: HCl: Distilled water at a ratio 50:29:1:20 (v:v:v:v). The contents of phenolics and flavonoids were estimated using gallic acid and quercetin as standards, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2ˋ-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay. Phenolic flavonoids were partially purified by adsorption chromatography using a silica gel column from selected plants and assayed their cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and a normal cell line of non-tumorigenic fetal hepatic cell line (WRL-68).Results: The Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were followed by Lawsonia inermis, Citrullus colocynthis, Syzygium aromaticum, Peganum nigrum, and Phoenix dactylifera. The antioxidant activity of Curcuma longa, P. dactylifera, C. colocynthis, Solanum melongena, and C. zeylanicum extracts had the highest ability to scavenge the free radicals. The acetone fraction of P. dactylifera and C. colocynthis extracts had the minimum inhibition dose that kills 50% of cells inhibitory concentration 50 values 156.91 μg and 1055.06 μg against MCF-7 and 372.86 μg and 153.8 μg against WRL-68, respectively. While the S. melongena extract had less effect on both cell lines.Conclusions: Phenolics as antioxidant substances had moderate or variable effectiveness on normal and cancer cell lines, and the highest concentrations were cancerous poison impact may be on normal cells over than cancer cells

PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA POLYPHENOLS AGAINST 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A)ANTHRACENE-INDUCED MAMMARY CANCER

Objectives: Polyphenols are vital micronutrients, in our diet, which have a role in the prevention of progressive cancer and cardiovascular diseases developing. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the hemopreventive effects of some polyphenols of Phoenix dactylifera pits on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer of female albino rats.Methods: The phenolics of P. dactylifera pits (Zahidi cultivar) were prepared by successive steps; extraction by ethanol:methanol:HCl:H2O, adsorption chromatography using a silica gel column and preparative high performers chromatography. The cytotoxic activity of the phenolics was detected against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The acetone phenolic fraction, 50 female albino rats, and DMBA carcinogen were used to study the preventive effects.Results: The acetone phenolic fraction contained considerable amounts of the total phenolics and having antioxidant activity, which inhibit cancer cell line MCF-7 growth, and the inhibitory concentration 50% of cells (IC50) at 24 hrs was 202 μg/ml for MCF-7 and 480 μg/ml for WRL-68. The purified phenolic compounds may be related to genistein and quercetin derivatives that inhibited MCF-7 cell line growth and IC50 were 1030 and 203.9 μg/ml, respectively, compared with negligible effects on normal cell line. The acetone phenolic fraction prevented mammary cancer formation in the DMBA-induced rat model.Conclusions: The phenolics of date palm had chemopreventive effects against DMBA-induced mammary cancer, and they required further research to clarify the possible mechanisms that might have contributed to the preventive effects against mammary cancer

The Complexity of Routing with Few Collisions

We study the computational complexity of routing multiple objects through a network in such a way that only few collisions occur: Given a graph $G$ with two distinct terminal vertices and two positive integers $p$ and $k$, the question is whether one can connect the terminals by at least $p$ routes (e.g. paths) such that at most $k$ edges are time-wise shared among them. We study three types of routes: traverse each vertex at most once (paths), each edge at most once (trails), or no such restrictions (walks). We prove that for paths and trails the problem is NP-complete on undirected and directed graphs even if $k$ is constant or the maximum vertex degree in the input graph is constant. For walks, however, it is solvable in polynomial time on undirected graphs for arbitrary $k$ and on directed graphs if $k$ is constant. We additionally study for all route types a variant of the problem where the maximum length of a route is restricted by some given upper bound. We prove that this length-restricted variant has the same complexity classification with respect to paths and trails, but for walks it becomes NP-complete on undirected graphs

Audit of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy in 210 Sudanese Patients at Gezera Hospital for Renal Diseases & Surgery (GHRD&S) Sudan

Background: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) was the breakthrough in urolithiasis management in the 20th century. Objectives: to audit the outcome of ESWL and evaluate its cost effectiveness on the treatment of stone disease in Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery (GHRD&S), Sudan Methods: This is a prospective study of 210 patients. ESWL was performed with SLX MX STORZ machine. The number of shocks administered, and the degree of energy were supervised with maximum allowance of 2500-3000 shocks and 5-7 energy in kidney and/or 3000-3500 shock 7-8 energy level for ureteral stone with modification when it was indicated Results: Out of 210 patients; 28, 12, 28 and 2 patients had upper, mid, lower ureteric and vesical stones respectively. Where as 140 patients had renal stones. The success rate of fragmentation of the stones with ESWL was 97.1% for the renal, 92 % for the upper and lower ureter and 83.3% for mid ureteric stones. Vesical stones were not amenable for fragmentation in this study. The overall success rate was 95%. The complications were haematuria in one patient, pain and steinstrasse in two patients. There were no cases of post ESWL renal failure, hypertension and/or residual calculi. Conclusion: This modality of treatment was found to be less costly, acceptable with short hospital stay and short work absence. Keywords: Gezera, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 3 (1) 2008: pp. 11-1

Genetic divergence among a non-restorer collection of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and its relationship with heterosis

A genetic diversity analysis in a collection of 171 non-restorer lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) using D2 technique and canonical variate analysis indicated that considerable variation in grain yield has been added to the collection by the addition of lines derived from random mating populations. The efficiency of D2 and canonical variate techniques in distinguishing extremely diverse genotypes was confirmed. However, the two techniques showed weak correspondence in their clusters. The F1 hybrids of 15 diverse lines exhibited no relationship between heterosis or per se performance of crosses and diversity in their parents. Therefore, traditional plant breeding methods are being advocated