Yield and organoleptic characteristics of Suya (an intermediate moisture meat) prepared from three

High cost of choice meat used in suya production makes the product an exclusive meat for the rich. In order to make suya (an intermediate moisture meat) available and affordable to the common manthereby increasing their animal protein intake, this experiment therefore become imperative. Meat from the semimembranosus (SM), biceps femoris (BF) and psoas major (PM) muscles were used for thestudy. The muscles were carefully excised and trimmed of all visible connective tissue. The meat was sliced into thin sheet of 0.15 – 0.30 cm thick and between 5 – 9 cm long. The experiment comprised ofthree treatments in a completely randomized design. A total of 30 sticks of suya were prepared from each muscle-type. The percent cooking loss was highest (P 0.05). SM gave the highest (P < 0.05) values for tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability. Suya can be produced from other muscles than the traditional SM muscle without compromising quality

Outdoor Advertising: House Numbering Visuals as Marketing Communication and Community Potentials

An image stimulus sometimes approximates visual communication, appearing as information that carries some identified meaning with it. The sequence involves mental visualization – a familiar phrase in cognition research. Despite this viewpoint's popularity, the scholarship radar is yet to fully capture the socio-economic ends of such meanings and the attendant communitarian upshots. This paper is making three propositions, using house numbering visuals as the basis for investigation. First, these visuals offer a viable platform to examine how visual communication elicits meaning in marketing communication (Folayan et al., 2018; Morah & Omojola, 2018). Second, the perceiver's semiotic literacy and the socio-economic purpose that the visual stimuli serve could determine mental representation's strength in a cognitive process. Third, a communitarian level of cooperation is possible from that meaning. The ramifications of these propositions provide some insight into the marketing and community potentials of house numbering images

Media Stakeholders’ Perspectives and Policy Integrity

Objectivity in media practice is the journalist’s ability to give every segment of the audience an equal right to be heard and seen, to read or to react. Disappointingly, that objectivity does not extend to the policies that regulate that practice. This concern is demonstrated in the incoherence and lack of judgment that exist in media policy domains where journalism is confined to a deal between only the journalist and his or her audience. This linear process conspicuously excludes those crucial stakeholders whose interests tremendously affect the destiny of journalists and their audience. The development has adversely affected policy rationality in some developing countries as media policies lack interactive planning, robust policy discourses and stakeholder dialogue, thereby undermining policy integrity. This paper attempts to argue that for a media policy to be truly in public interest, formulators have to expand their horizon beyond government, journalists and their audience to other stakeholders. Newsmakers, who fall into a category of such stakeholders, can make the journalist’s pen run dry if they go on strike! Others include media users, media owners and media scholars. The paper recommends the process of harnessing the perspectives of these stakeholders in a manner that can make analysts consider drafting a fresh all-encompassing media policy for developing countries, especially those of Africa. Keywords: audience, media policy, media stakeholders, policy integrit

Using Symbols and Shapes for Analysis in Small Focus Group Research

Substantial literature exists to support the growing importance of focus group research, having been around for decades. Its ubiquity under the scholarship radar is not in doubt while the analyses of findings commonly seen are scholarly and significantly sophisticated. However, these analyses have been found to be limited in scope for fresh adopters of the focus group method, non-literate beneficiaries of research findings and business people who are critically averse to lengthy textual statements about outcomes. This article introduces the use of symbols as a means of analyzing responses from small focus group discussions. It attempts to demonstrate that using symbols can substantially assist in the prima facie determination of perceptions from a focus group membership, its patterns of agreement and disagreement, as well as the sequence of its discussions

Mobile Telephony Underlings? Women Airtime Hawking in South-South Nigeria

The Nigerian telecommunication sector operates a patriarchate. Women constitute less than 20 percent of the regulatory authority’s staff and own less than 25 percent of telecom clients’ equity. This study investigates a surprising dimension that makes women the most visible operators at the subaltern end of the telecom distribution chain but accords them the slightest recognition as industry contributors. The operating conditions and income profile of 497 women airtime sellers in the south-south region of Nigeria are investigated. Findings show that most of the respondents are women of 20 years of age or less, with secondary education, and unmarried. The majority make $1.50 a day and will never make airtime hawking their career unless they receive support. A regression analysis of the predisposing factors and their engagement in the business shows that they sell airtime primarily because it requires little or no formal sales technique. They also hawk airtime because they were not gainfully employed and since it requires a little startup capital. These findings are helpful for researchers and multilateral agencies, especially the United Nations, which needs data for the Sustainable Development Goal (5) to achieve gender equality and empower women and girls

A study of Compressive Strength Characteristics of Laterite/sand Hollow Blocks

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations carried out on partial replacement of sand with laterite as it affects the compressive strength of sandcrete hollow blocks. Two mix proportions (1:6 and 1:8) were used with laterite content varying between 0 and 50% at 10% intervals. Hand and machine compaction methods were used. Curing was done by sprinkling water on the specimens. The results showed that for each mix proportion and compaction method, the compressive strength decreases with increase in laterite content. Machine compacted hollow sandcrete blocks made from mix ratio 1:6 and with up to 10% laterite content is found suitable and hence recommended for building construction having attained a 28-day compressive strength of 2.07N/mm2 as required by the Nigerian Standards

The National House Numbering System (Copyright Registration only, Patent pending) LW 1098.

Please contact The Nigerian Copyright Commission, Abuja, Nigeria for details

From Two- to Three-Dimensional Reporting

This chapter urges editors to start demanding that their reporters practice Three-Dimensional (3-D) journalism. Unlike the Two-Dimensional (2-D)reporting of the 4W’s +H orientation, which is “cropped and partial” (Baker 1994, p.287), it asserts and proves that the 3-D method elicits the multidimensional facets of each of these five parameters

An Assessment of the One Lecture-One Test Learning Model by Journalism Teachers

This article analyzes transcripts from a knowledgeable group that discoursed at length the one lecture - one test (OLOT) learning model – a system that requires students to write a short test for 10 to 20 minutes after every lecture, for a score that counts toward the overall grade.  This model contrasts with the traditional system in higher institutions that set two or three tests and give one or a few assignments in a semester. Investigation of OLOT started with a one-year survey and three-year longitudinal assessment. It proceeds with this work and shows via a color graphic analysis that, though OLOT appears capable of promoting students' attendance, concentration, interest, and participation during lectures, this may not necessarily translate to better grades. Data from the transcripts show, however, that, absence of better grades notwithstanding, the learning system should be given the benefit of the doubt given the significant showing of the four parameters

Mechanistic Insights into the Induction Period of Methanol-to-Olefin Conversion over ZSM-5 Catalysts: A Combined Temperature-Programmed Surface Reaction and Microkinetic Modeling Study

The induction period of propylene formation from methanol is compared to that of dimethyl ether (DME) over ZSM-5 catalysts of different compositions using a combination of temperature-programmed surface reaction experiments and microkinetic modeling. Transient reactor performance is simulated by solving coupled 1D nonlinear partial differential equations accounting for elementary steps based on the methoxy methyl mechanism and axial dispersion and convection in the reactor. Three binding site ensembles and three active site ensembles are observed. These sites constitute up to 3% (binding sites similar to 70%, active sites similar to 30%) of the total acid sites during methanol conversion and up to 1% (binding sites similar to 30%, active sites similar to 70%) of the total acid sites during DME conversion. Over the binding sites, during the induction period of methanol, and DME conversion, the acid site density is the key descriptor. Over the active sites, acid site density is the key descriptor with higher site densities correlating with lower barriers of propylene formation during the induction period of methanol conversion. The barrier to DME desorption is the key descriptor, with lower desorption barriers correlating with lower barriers of propylene formation during the induction period of DME conversion. Barriers to propylene formation are lower during the induction period of methanol conversion (up to 141 kJ mol(-1)) compared to that of DME conversion (up to 200 kJ mol(-1)) over ZSM-5 catalysts