Growth performance and nutrient utilization of catfish Clarias gariepinus fed varying inclusion level of fermented unsieved yellow maize

This study was conducted using 150 fish of Clarias gariepinus to investigate the growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed five treatment diets containing varying inclusion level of fermented unsieved maize. The diets were grouped into CT, T1, T2, T3, and T4 with inclusion levels of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of fermented unsieved maize respectively. Highest weight gain was recorded in T4 with value of 10.24 and lowest weight was recorded in CT with 9.17. High FCR were observed in T2 with value of 0.70 and lower value was observed in T4 with value of 0.62. While, T2, T3, and T4 have highest survival rates with values of 90% in each treatment CT and T1 recorded 80% and 70% respectively. There was a significant (p< 0.05) difference between the food conversion ratios treatment T4 with the best value and other treatments. There was a significant (p< 0.05) difference between the levels of fermented unsieved maize inclusion and the specific growth rate of the experimental fish. The highest value of protein level and feed efficiency were observed in T4 at significant difference level (p< 0.05) than other treatments. It was concluded that fermentation of maize in fish feed has positive effects on the nutritional value of the feed. It is recommend that fermented maize can replace raw maize in fish feed diet for growth performance

Prevalence of diseases among sheep and goats in Edo State, Nigeria

Clinical records of small ruminant (Sheep and Goat) diseases treated were collected from the veterinary clinics, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of three Local Government areas in Edo state, for a period of five years (1997-2002). To identify the disease occurrence and prevalence as it militates against the growth of these animals in these sub- humid areas. The total numbers of small ruminants treated were 316 having 25 cases of Sheep and 291 cases of goats. Diarrhoea accounted for 20 & 12.4%; helminthiasis 20 & 13.4% and Pneumonia 16 & 20.3% for sheep and goat respectively. Pneumo-enteritis, mange, anorexia, wound and kata were common among goat while, pneumo-enteritis; helminthiasis and wound were among sheep. Goat diseases prevalence showed much occurrence of pneumonia, helminthiasis and diarrhoea. While, sheep was more of diarrhoea, helminthiasis and pneumonia respectively. The statistical analysis of the clinical treatment data using a three-factor analysis of variance revealed that animal type and disease were significant (

Determination of the forms and stability of phosphorus in wastewater effluent from a variety of treatment processes

Eutrophication of surface waters is a major issue across the planet, with diffuse (agricultural) and point sources (wastewater treatment works, WwTW) being the main inputs. In the UK WwTW effluent discharges are currently permitted for discharge based on total phosphorus concentration, whereas environmental quality standards (EQS) are set as soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), which better reflects the bioavailable fraction of phosphorus present in water. This study reports for the first time, concentrations and relative proportions of SRP in effluent from a number of different WwTW employing aluminium and iron dosing for phosphorus removal. In the case of aluminium treatment, SRP constituted only 10 +/- 4% of the 0.75 mg P/l total phosphorus in the effluent. Where iron was dosed SRP comprised 66% +/- 20% of the total phosphorus present where a single dose was applied, which dropped to 26 +/- 17%after a second dose and additional tertiary sand filtration. Phosphorus was determined using two established analytical methods after acid digestion, filtration to 0.45 um (on site and after return to the laboratory and refrigeration for up to 9 days) and settlement. Phosphorus speciation was shown to be stable within all effluents for up to 6 days storage at a temperature of <5 C without the need to filter on site and this was recommended for future effluent monitoring programmes and compliance assessment. Furthermore, because iron and aluminium dosing significantly reduce the SRP proportion in effluents, future monitoring programmes and policy decisions regarding meeting the phosphorus EQS derived as SRP should take this into account

Seasonal distribution of major diseases among sheep and goats in selected sub humid areas in Nigeria

This study into the diseases responsible for the uneven distribution of goat and sheep in the sub humid areas in Nigeria as one of the major hinderances in sheep and goat production despite the potentiality of this region to sustain small ruminants. A survey of the types and causes of major diseases of small ruminants was carried out in Edo State of Nigeria which presents variants of climatic conditions that cut across the humid areas of Nigeria and Africa. The study covered a period of five years (1997‐2002) in three local government areas of the state. A total of 316 small ruminants’ cases of major diseases made up of 25 cases in sheep and 291 cases in goats were recorded. Pneumonia contacted by the ruminants was 17%, helminthosis was 10% and was 6% as the most predominated diseases that occurred during the wet seasons than the period of dry season. Mange was high during the dry seasons and seemed to be confined almost exclusively to goats. Statistical analysis using a three‐factor analysis of variance revealed that seasonal distribution of diseases was a significant factor (p&lt;0.05), diseases and the type of the small ruminant that contacted the diseases were significant factor (p&lt;0.05). Most of the major diseases were frequently contracted during the wet seasons. In the Humid areas, there is need to sensitize farmers about ruminants’ health care management programmes especially intensive feeding method during wet season and deworming during onset or immediately after the wet season against gastro intestinal parasites as well as the improvement of indigenous breed through semi intensive management system by the farmers.Key words: Diarrhoea related diseases, symptoms, seasons, sheep and goats, sub humid, veterinary records, Nigeri

Media Improvisation of Lecturers in the State-Owned Colleges of Education in the South-West, Nigeria

Media improvisation among lecturers in colleges is inevitable because of insufficient media resources for utilization. The study investigated media improvisation in the state -owned colleges of education in the South-West, Nigeria. The study is anchored on Media Richness Theory. Stratified sampling technique was adopted to select 812 lecturers. Media improvisation scale (r = .71) was used for data collection and T-test statistical method was adopted for data analysis. The result showed that there was no significant differences between media improvisation of Art/Social Science and Science lecturers (Crit – t = 1.96, Cal. t = 821, df = 278, p&gt;.05) and that of lecturers in the School of Art/Social Sciences and Vocational/Technical Education (Crit. t = 1.96, Cal. t = .136, df = 276, p&gt;.05). Significant difference did not exit between that of the Schools of Languages and Education (Crit. t = 1.96, Cal. t = 1.946, dif. = 288 p&lt;.05) . It is recommended that media improvisation of lecturers in schools should be encouraged and improved upon

Library Advocacy on the Social Media- What Works

The study investigates library advocacy on the social media- what works. Survey research method was adopted for the study; Librarians of University of Ibadan and Obafemi Awolowo University were selected for this study. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentages. The results reveal that LinkedIn (100.0%), Youtube (100.0%) and Google+ (93.7%) were the major types of social media used by librarians for advocacy. The findings also revealed that the advantages of using social media for advocacy of library and information resources and services by the Librarians were that social media is a platform to share professional networking (100.0%), is used for marketing and broadcasting library resources (100.0%) and social media are user-centered (100.0%).The findings further reveal that lack of social media skills (100.0%), network fluctuation (100.0%) and epileptic power supply (100.0%) were the major challenges the librarians encounter in the use of social media for advocacy of library and information resources. The study recommended that library management should develop a programme for library advocacy campaign and outreach for awareness which serves as a medium of marketing the library to prospective users. Key words: Library, library advocacy, social media, universities.

Oral Health Comparisons in East, Middle and Western Tennessee and Factors Associated with Unfavorable Oral Health Outcome in the Tennessean Elderly

Introduction: About one in four seniors have periodontal disease and significant disparities have been shown to exist between some population groups. This study aimed to ascertain if differences exist in oral health conditions among statistical zones in Tennessee divided into east, middle and western zones. We also sought to explore factors predicting poor oral health outcomes in these zones. We postulated that oral health would differ between at least two zones in Tennessee and socio-demographic and socio-economic factors would predict oral health outcome. Methods: We combined data from the Behavioral Risk Surveillance System using Data from years 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 (n= 5181). Outcome variable was number of permanent teeth removed which was ordered as- none, one to five, six or more but not all and all. Zones were divided into East Tennessee comprising- Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol Tennessee-Virginia metropolitan statistical area, Knoxville, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Middle/Central Tennessee comprising Chattanooga, Tennessee-Georgia, Metropolitan Statistical Area, Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area and West Tennessee including Memphis, Tennessee-Memphis-Arizona, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Other independent variables included in our models were general health, could not see a doctor because of cost, history of diabetes, smoked at least 100 cigarettes, use of smokeless tobacco products, adults who had visited a dentist and poor physical health. Covariates were income level, education level, employment status, race/ethnicity, year and marital status. Descriptive statistics and initial univariate analysis were done. Variables significant at alpha level of 0.05 were included in the final adjusted Ordinal Logistic regression model with logit link function. Results: From our sample, 37.1% were males and 67.9% were females. Most (43.4%) were married, most had a high school level of education (34%), most were retired (73.5%) and a higher percentage (12.4%) earned less than 25,000 per annum from all sources. A higher number were White (62.7%), and smokers (51.4%) and 31% had at least one permanent tooth removed. All variables and covariates except poor physical and mental health were significantly associated with the outcome variable (P\u3c0.05). On adjusting for covariates, sex, income, employment status and zone of residence in Tennessee were significantly associated with a difference in the number of permanent teeth removed. The observed difference between the Eastern part of Tennessee and the Western part of Tennessee was significantly. Conclusion: Zone of residence, sex, employment status and income predict oral health outcomes in Tennessee. People in East Tennessee are more likely to have increased permanent teeth removed compared to those in the west

Growth Response of Clarias Gariepinus Fingerlings To Different Dietary Protein Levels Of Toadmeal Inclusion

A ten-week nutritional study was carried out to evaluate the practical replacement of fishmeal with toad meal in different protein levels in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. One hundred and fifty (150) fingerlings with an average weight of 7.99 – 27.64g were stocked at the rate of ten (10) fish per experimental tank. The fingerlings were subjected to five different dietary feeds with varying levels of toad meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Each treatment was replicated. Feeding was done at 3% body weight per day and records of weekly weight increase were kept. The feed conversion ratio, weight gain, survival rate revealed that the control (0% toadmeal inclusion) and diet 5 (100% toadmeal inclusion) were best in growth performance, unlike the mixed fishmeal and toadmeal that showed adequate growth performance Water quality parameters of the experiment measured constantly were within the normal optimum requirements that had no negative effects on the experimental fish. Finally based on biological and financial evaluation of the feeding trials diet 5 (100%) was recommended as the most economical and practically acceptable for large-scale intensive fish culture. Key word: Toadmeal, Clarias gariepinus, diet, replacements, growth performance DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-6-07 Publication date:March 31st 202

Practical Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Catfish Clarias gariepinus Fed Varying Inclusion Level of Fermented Unsieved Yellow Maize

This study was conducted using 150 fish of Clarias gariepinus to investigate the growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed five treatment diets containing varying inclusion level of fermented unsieved maize. The diets were grouped into CT, T1, T2, T3, and T4 with inclusion levels of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of fermented unsieved maize respectively. Highest weight gain was recorded in T4 with value of 10.24 and lowest weight was recorded in CT with 9.17. High FCR were observed in T2 with value of 0.70 and lower value was observed in T4 with value of 0.62. While, T2, T3, and T4 have highest survival rates with values of 90% in each treatment CT and T1 recorded 80% and 70% respectively. There was a significant (p&lt; 0.05) difference between the food conversion ratios treatment T4 with the best value and other treatments. There was a significant (p&lt; 0.05) difference between the levels of fermented unsieved maize inclusion and the specific growth rate of the experimental fish. The highest value of protein level and feed efficiency were observed in T4 at significant difference level (p&lt; 0.05) than other treatments. It was concluded that fermentation of maize in fish feed has positive effects on the nutritional value of the feed. It is recommend that fermented maize can replace raw maize in fish feed diet for growth performance. Keywords: Fermentation, yellow maize, Clarias gariepinus, Fish, Feed DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-6-06 Publication date:March 31st 202