PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 20 AMBON YANG DIAJARKAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAKONVENSIONAL PADA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINIER DUA VARIABEL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe Student Facilitator And Explaining dan model pembelajaran Konvensional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan  teknik  purposive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas VIII yang terdiri dari tiga kelas di mana satu kelas sebagai kelas kontrol dan satu kelas lainnya sebagai kelas eksperimen yang masing-masing berjumlah 40 siswa. Teknik analisis data, yaitu Analisis Deskriptif  dan Uji-t (uji beda rata-rata). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas VIII1 memiliki nilai rata-rata post test 47,33.  Sedangkan, kelas VIII3 memiliki nilai rata-rata post test 31,49. Adapun, hasil uji normalitas dan homogenitas dari kedua kelas yang digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian adalah normal dan homogen, sehingga untuk pengujian hipotesis digunakan uji-t (independent sample t-test) diperoleh nilai sig. (2-tailed) lebih kecil dari nilai α=0,05  yaitu 0,023 sehingga H0  ditolak dan H1  diterima yang artinya terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 20 Ambon yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe Student Facilitator And Explaining dan model pembelajaran konvensional pada materi sistem persamaan linier dua variabe

PROSES PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA YANG MELAKUKAN KESALAHAN

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana hubungan kerja, yaitu hubungan antara Pekerja dan pengusaha, terjadi setelah diadakan perjanjian oleh Pekerja dengan pengusaha, dimana Pekerja menyatakan kesanggupannya bekerja dengan pengusaha dengan menerima upah dan dimana pengusaha menyatakan kesanggupannya untuk mempekerjakan Pekerja dengan membayar upah (seperti tercantum dalam perjanjan kerja), perjanjian kerja memuat ketentuan-ketentuan yang berkenaan dengan hubungan kerja itu, yaitu hak dan kewajiban Pekerja serta hak dan kewajiban pengusaha.[1], kesimpulan yang didapat : Pada dasarnya Pemutusan hubungan kerja merupakan hal yang sangat ditakutkan oleh Para Pekerja dimana pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) dapat berakibat pada hilangnya Pekerjaan yang berakibat pada tidak lagi mendapatkan penghasilan hidup, sehingga perlu adanya Pengaturan secara khusus terkait dengan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja, agar kepada Para Pekerja agar mendapatkan Haknya sebagai Pekerja yang telah mendapat Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja, karena pada faktanya didalam Masyarakat khususnya yang bekerja pada suatu Perusahaan, seringkali mendapatkan tindakan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja dengan sewenang-wenang dan berakibat pada putusnya mata pencaharian dari Pekerja tersebut hal inilah yang menjadi faktor utama penyebab terjadinya Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial. Namun juga sering terjadi keadaan memaksa untuk dilakukannya PHK oleh karena Perusahaan yang telah tutup, Karena Merugi atau Karena Alasan Force Majeure sering juga disebut Overmacht sering juga disebut force majeure yang lazim diterjemahkan dengan keadaan memaksa dan ada pula yang menyebutnya keadaan kahar  Untuk dapat dikatakan suatu “keadaan memaksa” sehingga dipandang perlu untuk mendapatkan pengaturan yang secara jelas demi mewujudkan keadilan bagi para Pekerja. Jika melihat begitu banyak persoalan mengenai Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja secara sepihak yang berakibat hilangnya mata pencaharian Pekerja dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, hal tersebut juga dapat dilihat dari persoalan Pemutusan hubungan Kerja yang dilakukan oleh CV. Sakura Mart yang kepada Pekerja yang bernama Dorce Muat, dimana Pekerja tersebut mengajukan upaya penyelesaian lewat Dinas Ketenagakerjaan dan setelah mendapat hasil berupa anjuran, melanjutkan persoalan tersebut ke ranah Pengadilan, dimana Pemilik Usaha yaitu CV. Sakura Mart, tidak mau melaksanakan isi dari Anjuran tersebut, sehingga demi mendapatkan keadilan Pekerja tersebut menempuh jalur Pengadilan dan mendapat putusan yang mewajibkan Pemilik Usaha membayarkan uang pesangon, uang penghargaan masa kerja dan upah proses, sehingga dari hal tesebut dapat dilihat bahwa apabila pemilik usaha tidak membayarkan apa yang menjadi hak Pekerja, maka Pekerja tersebut dapat menempuh langkah hukum untuk menyelesaikan persoalan yang dialami oleh Pekerja tersebut. Kata Kunci : PHK Tenaga Kerja, Hubungan Kerja, Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja. &nbsp

Intake and digestibility of tall fescue supplemented with co-product feeds

Cows offered low quality hay require supplementation to meet their nutritional requirements. Our objective was to determine the impact of supplementation with soybean hulls (SH), distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), or a 50:50 mixture of each (MIX) at 0.5% of body weight on ruminal fermentation characteristics and in situ forage disappearance in lactating (n = 3) and non-lactating (n = 3) ruminally cannulated cows (679 ± 18.7 kg body weight). Tall fescue was offered free-choice from large round bales for 6, 21-d periods. Dacron bags containing ground fescue hay were placed into the rumen of each cow at specified intervals over a 7-d period and removed on d 21. Rumen fluid samples were collected on d 21 of each period at 2 h intervals from 1600-2400 h for analyses of ruminal ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Ruminal forage disappearance was not affected (P ≥ 0.44) by diets. Total VFA were greater (P \u3c 0.05) from SH but the propionate percentage was greater (P \u3c 0.05) from DDGS. Therefore, supplementation with DDGS should improve the energy status of cows fed poor-quality hay compared with SH or MIX

IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI INTERAKSI OBAT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT GUNUNG MARIA TOMOHON PERIODE JANUARI – MEI 2018

ABSTRACT Drug interaction are an event that can occur when the shared use of two or more drugs. The interactions of drugs can produce beneficial and adverse effects. Increasing of drug interaction incident resulted in unwanted effect might be caused by increased frequency of polypharmacy or multiple drugs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are prone to infection, long wound healing time, and deteriorating eyesight, in addition to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or other vascular and neuronal complication which are common in such patients. This study aims to identify the percentage of drug interaction potential based on patients number, mechanism, and severity level in type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatient at Gunung Maria Hospital from January to May 2018. This is a descriptive study and data were collected retrospectively from 46 medical records of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who met the inclusion criteria. This study showed that 32 patients (69.57%) potentially had drug interaction, with total of 55 potential incidence. Based on mechanism, 37 (67.27%) potential incidence are linked to pharmacodynamics interaction and 18 (32.73%) potential incidence related to pharmacokinetics interaction. Based on severity level, 7 major potential incidents (12.73%), 32 moderate potential incidents (58.18%), and 16 minor potential incidence (29.09%) were found. Keywords : Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Potential Drug Interaction, Inpatient ABSTRAK Interaksi obat merupakan kejadian interaksi obat yang dapat terjadi bila penggunaan bersama dua macam obat atau lebih. Interaksi obat dapat menghasilkan efek yang menguntungkan dan merugikan. Meningkatnya kejadian interaksi obat dengan efek yang tidak diinginkan disebabkan oleh makin banyak dan seringnya terjadinya polypharmacy atau Multiple Drug. Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 lebih mudah terkena infeksi, sukar sembuh dari luka, daya penglihatan makin buruk, dan umumnya menderita hipertensi, hiperlipidemia, obesitas, dan juga komplikasi pada pembuluh darah dan syaraf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase potensi interaksi obat yang terjadi berdasarkan jumlah pasien, mekanisme dan tingkat keparahan pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di instalasi rawat inap RS Gunung Maria Tomohon periode Januari – Mei 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deksriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif terhadap 46 data rekam medik pasien Diabates Melitus Tipe 2 rawat inap yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian, dari 46 pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 terdapat 32 pasien (69,57%) yang berpotensi mengalami interaksi obat dengan jumlah 55 potensi kejadian. Berdasarkan mekanisme, interaksi farmakodinamik 37 potensi kejadian (67,27%) dan interaksi farmakokinetik 18 potensi kejadian (32,73%), dengan tingkat keparahan major 7 potensi kejadian (12,73%), moderate 32 potensi kejadian (58,18%) dan minor sebanyak 16 potensi kejadian (29,09%). Kata Kunci : DM Tipe 2, Potensi Interaksi Obat, Rawat Ina

Spatio-temporal invasion dynamics of Maesopsis eminii in Amani Nature Forest Reserve, Tanzania

This research article published by Elsevier B.V., 2020Globally, invasive plant species cause negative impacts to human livelihoods and natural ecosystems, particularly in biodiversity hotspots. Maesopsis eminii invasion in Amani Nature Forest Reserve, Tanzania, was considered an ecological disaster in the 1980s. After >50 years have elapsed since the species was first introduced in the reserve, there is yet little information available on its invasion progress. We assessed spatio-temporal invasion dynamics using forest inventory data collected in 1998 and resurveyed 60 (20 m × 50 m) sample plots in 2018. Among resurveyed plots, 30 had been invaded by M. eminii in 1998 and other 30 sample plots as control, which had no M. eminii in the year 1998. We also assessed vegetation cover change over a 20 year period between 1998 and 2018 using Landsat satellite images. Over the last 20 years, 23% of control plots were newly invaded by M. eminii. Tree species richness was 25% lower in invaded versus control plots (U = 1490, z = 2.9, p = 0.04). Large trees (DBH ≥ 31–50 cm) of Maesopsis eminii were most abundant (62%) in invaded plots whereas small trees (DBH ≤ 10 cm) were most abundant (>50%) in control plots, indicating that the tree species might be prone to self-thinning. Woody species diversity was significantly lower in invaded (1.63 ± 0.49) vs control plots (1.87 ± 0.35; t(58) = −2.19, p = 0.03). The number of M. eminii individuals ha−1 was positively associated with higher altitudes ranging above 800 masl (ρ = 0.33, P = 0.011) but there was no correlation with distance away from the forest reserve boundary (ρ = 0.11, P = 0.394;) nor with distance away from village centers (ρ = −0.08, P = 0.502). Change detection analysis indicated about 1,108 ha of non-forest vegetation had regrown into forest over the last 20 years, particularly in the south - western region of the reserve. The region included 4 sample plots newly invaded by M. eminii. We conclude that there is an increase in spatial distribution of M. eminii individuals between the year 1998 and 2018. Furthermore, M. eminii has low regeneration potential in already invaded sites of high invasive density and only slowly invading gaps in uninvaded sites

Health claims in the labelling and marketing of food products:: the Swedish food sector's Code of Practice in a European perspective

Since 1990 certain health claims in the labelling and marketing of food products have been allowed in Sweden within the food sector's Code of Practice. The rules were developed in close dialogue with the authorities. The legal basis was a decision by the authorities not to apply the medicinal products’ legislation to “foods normally found on the dinner table” provided the rules defined in the Code were followed. The Code of Practice lists nine well-established diet–health relationships eligible for generic disease risk reduction claims in two steps and general rules regarding nutrient function claims. Since 2001, there has also been the possibility for using “product-specific physiological claims (PFP)”, subject to premarketing evaluation of the scientific dossier supporting the claim. The scientific documentation has been approved for 10 products with PFP, and another 15 products have been found to fulfil the Code's criteria for “low glycaemic index”. In the third edition of the Code, active since 2004, conditions in terms of nutritional composition were set, i.e. “nutrient profiles”, with a general reference to the Swedish National Food Administration's regulation on the use of a particular symbol, i.e. the keyhole symbol. Applying the Swedish Code of practice has provided experience useful in the implementation of the European Regulation on nutrition and health claims made on foods, effective from 2007

Methodology to Estimate Natural- and Vaccine-induced antibodies to Sars-Cov-2 in a Large Geographic Region

Accurate estimates of natural and/or vaccine-induced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are difficult to obtain. Although model-based estimates of seroprevalence have been proposed, they require inputting unknown parameters including viral reproduction number, longevity of immune response, and other dynamic factors. In contrast to a model-based approach, the current study presents a data-driven detailed statistical procedure for estimating total seroprevalence (defined as antibodies from natural infection or from full vaccination) in a region using prospectively collected serological data and state-level vaccination data. Specifically, we conducted a longitudinal statewide serological survey with 88,605 participants 5 years or older with 3 prospective blood draws beginning September 30, 2020. Along with state vaccination data, as of October 31, 2021, the estimated percentage of those 5 years or older with naturally occurring antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Texas is 35.0% (95% CI = (33.1%, 36.9%)). This is 3× higher than, state-confirmed COVID-19 cases (11.83%) for all ages. The percentage with naturally occurring or vaccine-induced antibodies (total seroprevalence) is 77.42%. This methodology is integral to pandemic preparedness as accurate estimates of seroprevalence can inform policy-making decisions relevant to SARS-CoV-2

Conceptual design of an L-band recirculating superconducting traveling wave accelerating structure for ILC

With this paper, we propose the conceptual design of a traveling wave accelerating structure for a superconducting accelerator. The overall goal is to study a traveling wave (TW) superconducting (SC) accelerating structure for ILC that allows an increased accelerating gradient and, therefore reduction of the length of the collider. The conceptual studies were performed in order to optimize the acceleration structure design by minimizing the surface fields inside the cavity of the structure, to make the design compatible with existing technology, and to determine the maximum achievable gain in the accelerating gradient. The proposed solution considers RF feedback system redirecting the accelerating wave that passed through the superconducting traveling wave acceleration (STWA) section back to the input of the accelerating structure. The STWA structure has more cells per unit length than a TESLA structure but provides an accelerating gradient higher than a TESLA structure, consequently reducing the cost. In this paper, the STWA cell shape optimization, coupler cell design and feedback waveguide solution are considered. We also discuss the field flatness in the superconducting TW structure, the HOM modes and multipactor performance have been studied as well. The proposed TW structure design gives an overall 46% gain over the SW ILC structure if the 10 m long TW structure is employed