GEODETIC POINTS COORDINATES TRANSITION SIMULATION FROM THE ELLIPSOID SURFACE INTO THE SPACE CONFORMAL GAUSS-KRUGER PROJECTION

Aim. In this paper we calculated the abscissa dynamics and ordinate of differences in latitude and analysis geodetic points coordinates in the ellipsoid coordinates into the conformal Gauss-Kruger projection. It is described the classical formula of conformal projection.Methods. Coordinate transition from one system to another in geodesy is the most urgent task that we faces to every day. Currently, especially the use of satellite positioning systems, the measured values (pseudo) are converted into coordinates of positioning points of rectangular geocentric coordinate system X, Y, Z. Next, the points coordinates from this system are converted to geodetic coordinate system to a particular model of the ellipsoid B, L and H, then they are transferred to a flat, rectangular coordinate system x, y. Below are the classic formula and transition method from geodetic coordinate system to a space rectangular zonal system in conformal Gauss-Kruger projection are given.Results. In order visualization of the translation coordinate computation results are given graphically according to latitude one degree. From given calculation that the difference between the x-points have a linear positive trend on the mid-latitudes and the positive and negative non-linear dynamics of the equator to the pole, respectively. The linearity of the negative dynamics of the ordinate differences from the equator to middle latitudes and on the northern latitudes, these differences have a nonlinear negative.Conclusion. It is found that only a rectangular coordinate on the plane, being well isometric create a network of equal squares

In-hospital results of therapy with the NGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with acute decompensation of heart failure: prospective randomized study

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the development of new approaches to the management of patients with acute decompensation of heart failure (ADHF) using sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (iHLT-2) inhibitors, particularly dapagliflozin, and its role in early treatment initiation. AIM: Our aim was to determine the predictors of severe ADHF outcomes in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the role of early initiation of iGLT-2 therapy (within the first 24 h). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective randomized study included a total of 140 patients hospitalized with ADHF between January 1 to September 1, 2023. The patients were randomized into two groups: in group 1, iGLT-2 therapy was started within 24 h from the moment of admission (n=70), and in group 2, standard therapy was implemented (n=70). Hospital data were analyzed. The endpoint was the persistence of congestion in one or both circulatory circuits with New York Heart Association Functional Classes III–IV, indicating severe ADHF. RESULTS: The initial demographic and clinical characteristics of both groups were comparable. In both groups 47% patients did not receive optimal drug therapy (excluding iGLT-2) for chronic heart failure, and no differences were found in this indicator (p=0.081). iGLT-2 therapy did not demonstrate a significant effect on the likelihood of an adverse ADHF outcome (odds ratio [OR]=0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–1.78, p=0.719). Multivariate analysis showed an increase in the probability of this outcome for every 1000 pg/mL increase in N-terminal propeptide of brain natriuretic hormone (NT-proBNP) (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.37–2.17; p 0.001), blood urea per 1 mmol/L (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.21–1.97; p=0.001), pulmonary hypertension (OR=7.08, 95% CI 2.15–23.34; p=0.001), and a decrease in the probability of outcome with a 1% increase in LVEF (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99; p=0.031). The sensitivity and specificity of the adverse outcome model were 91.3 and 85.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The leading predictors of an unfavorable ADHF outcome include increased levels of NT-proBNP and blood urea, pulmonary hypertension, and decreased LVEF

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a First Aid Training Programme for Individuals Without a Background in Medical Education

Diana Ygiyeva, Lyudmila Pivina, Assylzhan Messova, Nazarbek Omarov, Gulnara Batenova, Ulzhan Jamedinova, Almas Dyussupov Department of Emergency Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, KazakhstanCorrespondence: Lyudmila Pivina, Semey Medical University, 103 Abay Str., Semey, 071400, Kazakhstan, Email [email protected]: People without a medical education background who have the skills and knowledge to provide emergency care can be useful in emergencies, disasters, earthquakes, and pandemics to save or support the life of an injured person until hospitalization or the arrival of an emergency medical team. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and skills of first aid in individuals without a medical education background within a year after training.Materials and Methods: The study sample included 643 people without a medical education background. The study participants attended basic first aid training, the sessions that lasted for 18 hours. Participants answered a 10-question skills test before and after completing the course, as well as 6 months and 1 year after training. SPSS version 20.0 (IBM Ireland Product Distribution Limited, Ireland) was used for the statistical assessment of data, employing Cochran’s Q test. Pairwise comparisons were made between different periods using the Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction.Results: The mean age of the participants was 36 for males, and 42 for females. In the sample, males accounted for 70% (n = 441) and females for 30% (n = 202). The first aid training provided to persons without a medical education background significantly increased their level of knowledge. After 6 and 12 months, their knowledge and abilities remained significantly higher than before the training. However, these results were lower than they had been immediately after training.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that first aid training significantly increased the knowledge level of non-medical individuals immediately after training and remained elevated after 6 and 12 months. However, there was a decline in the level of knowledge and skills over time, indicating the need for refresher training.Keywords: first aid training, effectiveness, non-medical people, emergency situation, Kazakhsta

Experimental study of the skeleton plasty of the inguinal canal

In the study of the influence of polypropylene mesh on the state of tissues surrounding the spermatic cord, the implant was experimentally administered to 20 dogs. Inflammatory infiltration and adhesions in the implantation zone were not revealed, collagenogenesis is minimal. Fixation of the endoprosthesis to the peritoneum is rather weak. There was a continuous layer of mesothelium, its thickness was the same throughout the cut of the drug, the fenestration zones were not on the entire surface. At the same time, fibroplastic changes in the surrounding tissues were noted. Thus, the implant performs the frame function, being a matrix for the germination of its own fibrous fibers. Contact of the endoprosthesis with the elements of the spermatic cord, due to the layer of the peritoneum, is absent and, as a result, polypropylene mesh does not cause severe inflammatory reactions in the elements of the spermatic cord.При изучении влияния полипропиленовой сетки на состояние тканей, окружающие семенной канатик проводилось экспериментальное введение импланта 20 собакам. Воспалительной инфильтрации и спаечного процесса в зоне имплантации не выявлено, коллагеногенез минимален. Фиксация самого эндопротеза к брюшине довольно слабая. Имелся сплошной слой мезотелия, его толщина была одинаковой на протяжении среза препарата, зон фенестрации не было на всей поверхности. При этом отмечали фибропластические изменения в окружающих тканях. таким образом, имплантат выполняет каркасную функцию, являясь матрицей для прорастания собственных фиброзных волокон. контакт эндопротеза с элементами семенного канатика, благодаря прослойке из брюшины, отсутствует и, как следствие, полипропиленовая сетка не вызывает выраженных воспалительных реакций в элементах семенного канатика

Участие антиоксидантной системы легочной ткани в формировании клинических особенностей течения туберкулеза легких

In 86 patients suffering from different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, we performed analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage obtained' from the affected and contralateral lung. We evaluated the cellular contents, spontaneous and stimulated with the killed BCG-culture NST-test with alveolar macrophages, as well as the contents of the dienic conjugates and the activity of some enzymes of antioxidant protection (AOP), i. e., ceruloplasmin, superoxiddismutase, catalase, glutation-peroxidase, glutation-reductase. It has been shown that even in acute limited cases, the whole lung tissue was involved into the infection process. The activation of the AOP system, being increased in parallel with the disease becoming more severe, promoted the inflow of phagocytic cells and intensification of the oxygen-dependent metabolism in them. Severe intoxication and massive release of the bacilli initiated gradual decompensation of the AOP system of intact lung tissue, thus being one of the facts predisposing to bronchoobstruction developing in tuberculosis; patients. The reaction of the AOP system in the vicinity of the inflammatory locus in principle is less differentiated, while its insufficiency contributes into the development of extensive non-specific inflammatory changes of the bronchial mucosa.

Modern concepts of anal sphincter insufficiency and its treatment

The international clinical analysis of the treatment of topical issues - failure of the anal sphincter, which has not only medical but also social value is presented. The comparative analysis of effectiveness of suggested above operating methods and modern approaches of different surgical methods of anal incontinence correction was conducted.Представлен мировой клинический анализ лечения актуальной проблемы – недостаточности анального сфинктера, которая имеет не только медицинское, но и социальное значение. Проведен сравнительный анализ эффективности как предлагавшихся ранее оперативных вмешательств, так и современные подходы различных хирургических методик коррекции анальной инконтиненции

RNA Interference Is Responsible for Reduction of Transgene Expression after Sleeping Beauty Transposase Mediated Somatic Integration

Integrating non-viral vectors based on transposable elements are widely used for genetically engineering mammalian cells in functional genomics and therapeutic gene transfer. For the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase system it was demonstrated that convergent transcription driven by the SB transposase inverted repeats (IRs) in eukaryotic cells occurs after somatic integration. This could lead to formation of double-stranded RNAs potentially presenting targets for the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery and subsequently resulting into silencing of the transgene. Therefore, we aimed at investigating transgene expression upon transposition under RNA interference knockdown conditions. To establish RNAi knockdown cell lines we took advantage of the P19 protein, which is derived from the tomato bushy stunt virus. P19 binds and inhibits 21 nucleotides long, small-interfering RNAs and was shown to sufficiently suppress RNAi. We found that transgene expression upon SB mediated transposition was enhanced, resulting into a 3.2-fold increased amount of colony forming units (CFU) after transposition. In contrast, if the transgene cassette is insulated from the influence of chromosomal position effects by the chicken-derived cHS4 insulating sequences or when applying the Forg Prince transposon system, that displays only negligible transcriptional activity, similar numbers of CFUs were obtained. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time that after somatic integration transposon derived transgene expression is regulated by the endogenous RNAi machinery. In the future this finding will help to further improve the molecular design of the SB transposase vector system

A new approach for measuring the muon anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment

This paper introduces a new approach to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly a?? = (g - 2)/2 and the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) d?? at the J-PARC muon facility. The goal of our experiment is to measure a?? and d?? using an independent method with a factor of 10 lower muon momentum, and a factor of 20 smaller diameter storage-ring solenoid compared with previous and ongoing muon g - 2 experiments with unprecedented quality of the storage magnetic field. Additional significant differences from the present experimental method include a factor of 1000 smaller transverse emittance of the muon beam (reaccelerated thermal muon beam), its efficient vertical injection into the solenoid, and tracking each decay positron from muon decay to obtain its momentum vector. The precision goal for a?? is a statistical uncertainty of 450 parts per billion (ppb), similar to the present experimental uncertainty, and a systematic uncertainty less than 70 ppb. The goal for EDM is a sensitivity of 1.5 ?? 10-21 ecm