The effect of Effective Microorganism (EM) on growth and yield of paddy / Muhammad Amirul Omar

Effective Microorganisms (EM) are mixed cultures of beneficial naturally-occurring organisms that can be applied as inoculants to increase the microbial diversity of soil ecosystem. This research was conducted at UiTM campus Jasin with five treatment and 4 replicate. The treatment are T1: 100% NPK, T2: 70%NPK 30%EM, T3: 50%NPK 50%EM, T4: 30%NPK 70%EM, T5: 100%EM. The experimental design used in study is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters involved in this study are Height of paddy, Number of Tiller, Number of Panicle, Weight of Fresh grain and Weight of Dry grain. The result shown there is significant different between treatment for all parameters. For plant height T2(112.56) shows the highest mean and T5(96.18) shows the lowest mean. For number of Tiller T2(65.91) shows the highest mean and T5(28.59) shows the lowest mean. For number of panicle T2(45.63) shows the highest mean and T5(13.81) shows the lowest mean. For Weight of fresh grain T2(36.73) shows the highest mean and T5(13.68) shows the lowest mean. For Weight of dry grain T2(36.31) shows the highest mean and T5(13.15) shows the lowest mean

Energy Consumption Pattern of Residential Buildings: Case Study of Residential Area in Batu Pahat, Johor

According to the National Energy Balance report released by the Energy Commission of Malaysia in 2016, the residential sector uses 21.6% of the total energy in Malaysia. Residents waste energy through inefficient energy consumption and a lack of awareness. Building occupants are considered the main factor that influences energy consumption in buildings, and to change energy consumption on an overall scale, it is crucial to change individual behaviour. Therefore, this study focused on analysing the energy consumption pattern and the behaviour of consumers towards energy consumption in their homes in the residential area of Batu Pahat, Johor. A self-administrated questionnaire approach was employed in this study. The findings of this study showed that the excessive use of air conditioners was a significant factor in the increasing electricity bills of homeowners as well as the inefficient use of electrical appliances. Also, this study determined the effect of awareness on consumer behaviour. This study recommends ways to help minimise energy consumption in the residential area

Allelopathic effects of Batawali (Tinospora tuberculata) on germination and seedling growth of plants.

A study was undertaken to explore the effects of methanol extracts (100,50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 g/l) from the dried powders of aerial parts of Batawali (Tinospora tuberculata) on emergence and initial growth of rice, radish, lettuce and carrot as represented by germination percentage, radical and hypocotyle length. Results indicated that both stem and leaves of Batawali markedly raised the suppression of germination and primary growth of all examined crops when plants were exposed to increasing the methanol extract concentrations from 6.25to 100 g/l of distilled water. The half-inhibitory concentrations that inhibit germination (ECg50), radicle (ECr50) and hypocotyle (ECh50) growth weredetermined for both the extracts. According to these values, an index (Re) was calculated in order to establish a ranking of the most sensitive plants and most effective extract. It was observed that the leaves extract was more active than the stem extract and caused the greatest negative effect on germination and early growth of plants. All tested plants differed in their sensitivity to T. tuberculata extracts. Higher reduction in plant growth parameters was observed in carrot. The tested extracts inhibited mainly the growth of radicle more than the growth of the hypocotyle and germination percentage in all examined crops, except carrot. According to the study, it could be concluded that T. tuberculata extracts had a significant herbicidal activity which depended on the extract concentrations, plant parts and the target crops

Allelopathic effect of methanol extracts from Tinospora tuberculata on selected crops and rice weeds

Herbicidal potential of aerial parts of Tinospora tuberculata on germination and seedling growth of seven test plant species, namely rice (Oryza sativa L.); two rice weeds, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea); and four vegetable crops, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were evaluated. Six concentrations of methanol extract (3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g L−1) were compared with the control (distilled water). The rate of seed germination and the radicle and hypocotyl length of 7-day-old test plant seedlings were reduced as the concentration of extracts increased compared to the control. Generally, the degree of toxicity of extracts derived from the leaves was more than the extracts derived from the stem. Cluster analysis and the concentrations required for 50% inhibition (defined as EC50) of all parameters showed that radicle growth was more suppressed than germination and hypocotyl growth. Lettuce and carrot were observed as the most sensitive plants while rice showed the highest tolerance to both extracts. Moreover, the dicot target plants were affected more severely than the monocots when treated with leaf extract. The chemical composition of the T. tuberculata methanolic extracts was analyzed by a GC–MS system. A total of 92 and 22 constituents (not previously identified) were found in the leaves and stem, respectively. The results showed that 17 of the 92 components in the leaves, as compared to 4 of 22 compounds in the stem, are known as toxic compounds. These results suggest that T. tuberculata contains a significant source of plant growth inhibitors with potential for the development of future natural herbicide

Master Fryer Enterprise : Burger Patty Fryer / Abdul Hakim Azmi ...[et al.]

Master Fryer is a company that focuses our skills and knowledge on burger patty frying in Malaysia. Burger making is a very annoying and time-consuming task. Usually, burger is fried on regular gas stove. Our company would like to solve this problem to ease the life of the people. Thus, we have created and developed a very reliable and innovative product specifically to fry burger patty. From the concept of sandwich toaster, we have made a very special innovation and the burger patty fryer is created. Our product uses electricity and heating element instead of regular gas stove just like a sandwich toaster. It has a lid and the burger patty will fry all the way without troubling the user to flip the burger patty

Variation in the phytotoxic activity of Tinospora tuberculata extracts as influenced by solvent type and chemical profile

A study was conducted to evaluate the role of secondary metabolites on the allelopathic activity of methanol and water extracts obtained from aerial parts of Tinospora tuberculata on seed germination and the radicle and hypocotyl lengths of barnyard grass. The higher suppressive effects were observed on germination and seedling growth of barnyard grass, when the methanol extracts of Tinospora tuberculata stem or leaf were applied in comparison to the water extracts. Ultra-fast liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that methanol extracts and leaf extracts contained higher number and amount of chemical compounds than did those of the water extracts and stem extracts respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of 11 identified compounds of the extracts and an equimolar mixture of the chemicals required for 50% growth inhibition on barnyard grass germination, radicle and hypocotyle were determined. Trans-cinnamic acid and benzoic acid had the highest allelopathic activity, while chlorogenic acid and orientin had the lowest on the basis of the rank values. Benzoic acid was found in the highest concentration in the methanol leaf extract, while this compound was not identified in the water leaf extract. On the other hand, the predominant compound was orientin for stem extracts. These results suggest that these compounds may be involved in the allelopathy activity of Tinospora tuberculata depending on their number, concentration, combination and inhibitory activity. Tinospora tuberculata could be a potential source of natural inhibitor compounds employable for eco-friendly agriculture

A social networking-based advertising to enhance customer reach target

A traditional advertising is a method to deliver commercial messages to mass audiences through the newspaper, outdoor billboards, radio, and television. This method is quite expensive for the small and medium company. The new concept of advertising such as social media, website, and application provide an inexpensive way to promote businesses. The proposed idea is to create a new platform for advertising and promotional tools which is called Tagme. This system is developed based on web environment on Windows and Android. Tagme allows marketers to promote their event, business or store and give promotions including vouchers to customers. Tagme also will notify customers instantly with any events or promotions such as free voucher giveaway that will be managed by the marketers themselves. Tagme provides a form of solution for marketers to promote their business efficiently as it provides web analytics and users preferences functions. This will allow marketers to promote their business to specific and focused customers

Feasibility study of worker safety at highway emergency lane

Safety procedures at highways are essential to ensure safe, clean and accessible roads and highways. The workers were often exposed to hazardous situations, as seen by numerous accidents involving highway workers on the road in recent years. Safety technologies in the highway construction work zone may help improve the roadway construction and maintenance workers’ safety. This paper reviews the statistics of road accidents in Malaysia, highway work zone safety problems and existing applications of safety sensor systems as an improvement of safety technology in the construction work zones. As an improvement towards the safety technology, Signal Warning Detector (SWAD) system was developed to increase the safety at highway work zone especially on PLUS highways in Malaysia. The development of the SWAD system’s parameter setting was discussed later in the methodology section of this pape

A review of reliability tests on safety technologies

A road maintenance employee is someone who ensures that roads and highways are safe, clean, and accessible. They perform a variety of tasks that demand physical exertion, such as repairing damaged automobiles, performing routine check-up procedures, or performing restoration work, among others. As a result, these workers may be exposed to hazardous situations, as there have been multiple accidents involving highway workers on the road recently. Signal Warning Detector casing structure was designed as part of a safety system to provide early warning to highway workers as traffic accidents among highway workers have become a concern. This study reviews the different reliability tests done on casing structure by previous researchers. Therefore, this study applies laboratory experiments to further test the reliability for the SWAD transmitter and receiver casing structure as a development step towards producing a reliable SWAD syste

Construction of copy number variation landscape and characterization of associated genes in a Bangladeshi cohort of neurodevelopmental disorders

Introduction: Copy number variations (CNVs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) among children. In this study, we aim to identify clinically relevant CNVs, genes and their phenotypic characteristics in an ethnically underrepresented homogenous population of Bangladesh. Methods: We have conducted chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for 212 NDD patients with male to female ratio of 2.2:1.0 to identify rare CNVs. To identify candidate genes within the rare CNVs, gene constraint metrics [i.e., “Critical-Exon Genes (CEGs)”] were applied to the population data. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) was followed in a subset of 95 NDD patients to assess the severity of autism and all statistical tests were performed using the R package. Results: Of all the samples assayed, 12.26% (26/212) and 57.08% (121/212) patients carried pathogenic and variant of uncertain significance (VOUS) CNVs, respectively. While 2.83% (6/212) patients’ pathogenic CNVs were found to be located in the subtelomeric regions. Further burden test identified females are significant carriers of pathogenic CNVs compared to males (OR = 4.2; p = 0.0007). We have observed an increased number of Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) within cases with 23.85% (26/109) consanguineous parents. Our analyses on imprinting genes show, 36 LOH variants disrupting 69 unique imprinted genes and classified these variants as VOUS. ADOS-2 subset shows severe social communication deficit (p = 0.014) and overall ASD symptoms severity (p = 0.026) among the patients carrying duplication CNV compared to the CNV negative group. Candidate gene analysis identified 153 unique CEGs in pathogenic CNVs and 31 in VOUS. Of the unique genes, 18 genes were found to be in smaller (<1 MB) focal CNVs in our NDD cohort and we identified PSMC3 gene as a strong candidate gene for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Moreover, we hypothesized that KMT2B gene duplication might be associated with intellectual disability. Conclusion: Our results show the utility of CMA for precise genetic diagnosis and its integration into the diagnosis, therapy and management of NDD patients