Post-transcriptional regulation of satellite cell quiescence by TTP-mediated mRNA decay.

Skeletal muscle satellite cells in their niche are quiescent and upon muscle injury, exit quiescence, proliferate to repair muscle tissue, and self-renew to replenish the satellite cell population. To understand the mechanisms involved in maintaining satellite cell quiescence, we identified gene transcripts that were differentially expressed during satellite cell activation following muscle injury. Transcripts encoding RNA binding proteins were among the most significantly changed and included the mRNA decay factor Tristetraprolin. Tristetraprolin promotes the decay of MyoD mRNA, which encodes a transcriptional regulator of myogenic commitment, via binding to the MyoD mRNA 3' untranslated region. Upon satellite cell activation, p38α/β MAPK phosphorylates MAPKAP2 and inactivates Tristetraprolin, stabilizing MyoD mRNA. Satellite cell specific knockdown of Tristetraprolin precociously activates satellite cells in vivo, enabling MyoD accumulation, differentiation and cell fusion into myofibers. Regulation of mRNAs by Tristetraprolin appears to function as one of several critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling satellite cell homeostasis

Determinan Diabetes Melitus Analisis Baseline Data Studi Kohort Penyakit Tidak Menular Bogor 2011 (the Determinan of Diabetes Melitus (Baseline Data Analysis of Kohort Studies of Non- Communicable Diseases Bogor 2011))

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar (Hyperglycemia),due to the metabolic system disorders, organ pancreas unable to produce insulin in accordance with the needs of the body.Diabetes mellitus is one of the non-communicable disease prevalence that increase from year to year. The research wascarried out in 1 (one) village in Bogor municipality at Kebun Kelapa village, in 2011 with a total of 1939 respondents. Thepurpose of this analysis is to examine the relationship between various characteristics such as (gender, age, education,socioeconomic status, history of diabetes in the family), smoking behavior, mental disorders, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, cholesterol HDL and triglycerides in the blood on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Methods: The design of this research is cohort study, however, as the data analyzed is the fi rst year baseline data (2011), thus the analysis is cross sectional study with univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes. Result: Multivariate analysis showed that there are 6 variables with a signifi cant relationship to disease Diabetes mellitus: age, hypertension, body mass index, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, a family history of DM. While the other variables such gender, education,socioeconomic status, smoking behavior, emotional mental disorders, HDL cholesterol levels, do not have a statisticalsignifi cant relationship to diabetes mellitus. Recommendation: Prevention and control of diabetes mellitus is necessaryto reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus and prevent complications

Analisis Virtual Reality Cybersickness Pada Pengguna Miopi Dan Presbiopi: Studi Persepsi Pengguna

Seiring perkembangan pasar pada VR, Cybersickness berpotensi menjadi penghalang utama untuk adopsi teknologi. Meskipun belum dapat mengetahui jumlah pasti orang yang mungkin terpengaruh oleh Cybersickness, insinyur perangkat lunak yang mengembangkan lingkungan VR biasanya berasumsi bahwa 25% pengguna akan mengalaminya. Sehingga penderita myopic dan presbyopic tidak dapat menggunakan VR dalam waktu jangka lama. Pada penelitian ini, menggunakan studi eksperimen dan kualitatif dimana dibutuhkan 30 orang untuk diwawancara dan sebagai uji coba dalam menggunakan virtual reality. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa presbyopic dan myopic ketika menggunakan VR akan mengalami cybersickness. Cybersickness adalah ketidakcocokan antara rangsangan visual dan umpan balik vestibular atau proprioseptif yang sesuai. Faktor tambahan yang berkontribusi terhadap mabuk perjalanan dapat dipisahkan menjadi bergantung pada perangkat kera

Follow-up of Impaired Glucose Tolerance Basic Health Survey 2007 in Jakarta in 2009

Background: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or pre diabetes is not categorized as diabetes yet but blood glucose level is more than normal. IGT is the risk factor for diabetes mellitus, coronary disease and stroke. Methods: In 2009, a cross-sectional study was conducted in DKI Jakarta to follow up 78 subjects identified as IGT in Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2007. It aimed to assess the hyperglycemia status of the IGT subjects, whether developing into diabetes mellitus or becoming normal glucose tolerance or just remained IGT. Results: We found over two years for IGT subjects, 7.2% progressed to diabetes mellitus, 47.8% remained impaired glucose tolerance, 4.3% changed to impaired fasting glucose and 40.7% reverted to normal glucose tolerance. Life style and biological factors of the subjects, like body mass index, central obesity, dyslipidemia had no significant difference in year 2009 compared with 2007. In analysis we found waist circumference increased but not significantly difference and Homa-IR (insulin resistance) was higher (p < 0.05) in IGT conversed to Diabetes compared to other groups. Recomendations: Stakeholder should make an intervention program for IGT group in order to prevent them becoming diabetes or getting degenerative disease complications

A Dynamic Model of Interactions of Ca^(2+), Calmodulin, and Catalytic Subunits of Ca^(2+)/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II

During the acquisition of memories, influx of Ca^(2+) into the postsynaptic spine through the pores of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors triggers processes that change the strength of excitatory synapses. The pattern of Ca^(2+) influx during the first few seconds of activity is interpreted within the Ca^(2+)-dependent signaling network such that synaptic strength is eventually either potentiated or depressed. Many of the critical signaling enzymes that control synaptic plasticity, including Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), are regulated by calmodulin, a small protein that can bind up to 4 Ca^(2+) ions. As a first step toward clarifying how the Ca^(2+)-signaling network decides between potentiation or depression, we have created a kinetic model of the interactions of Ca^(2+), calmodulin, and CaMKII that represents our best understanding of the dynamics of these interactions under conditions that resemble those in a postsynaptic spine. We constrained parameters of the model from data in the literature, or from our own measurements, and then predicted time courses of activation and autophosphorylation of CaMKII under a variety of conditions. Simulations showed that species of calmodulin with fewer than four bound Ca^(2+) play a significant role in activation of CaMKII in the physiological regime, supporting the notion that processing ofCa^(2+) signals in a spine involves competition among target enzymes for binding to unsaturated species of CaM in an environment in which the concentration of Ca^(2+) is fluctuating rapidly. Indeed, we showed that dependence of activation on the frequency of Ca^(2+) transients arises from the kinetics of interaction of fluctuating Ca^(2+) with calmodulin/CaMKII complexes. We used parameter sensitivity analysis to identify which parameters will be most beneficial to measure more carefully to improve the accuracy of predictions. This model provides a quantitative base from which to build more complex dynamic models of postsynaptic signal transduction during learning

Penanganan Kegemukan pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Menteng Jakarta Pusat melalui USAha Kesehatan Sekolah dan Penyertaan Peran Orangtua

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is increasing in Indonesia. Effective public policy is needed to prevent this problem. The aims of the study are (1) to know about the prevalence of overweight and obesity among elementary school children in Menteng subdistrict area, Jakarta. Indonesia, hypercholesterolemia dan hypertension among the overweight and obesity and also frequency the vegetables and fruits taking daily (2) To make the model of management for control overweight and obesity by intervention study with diet and physical activity education through health school program and parents participation. The study had been done in Menteng subdistrict area, Jakarta Indonesia. By proportional stratified random sampling were found 11 Government and 7 non Government elementary schools consisted of 1387 children (717 boys and 670 girls), in third and fourth year, 8-11 years old. Anthropometry measurement (weight and height) were carried out for those children. Based on WHO NCHS (weight for height) classification were found overweight 143 children (10,3%) and obesity 37 children (2,7%). Study was continued by field trial. 146 children with overweight and obesity combined who had informed consent divided into two groups i.e. 84 as intervention and 62 as control group Each child was interviewed about dietary recall one day before intervention and physical activity, measured anthropometrics, physical examination, blood pressure and blood cholesterol. It was found that the children who had not taking vegetables 39% and fruit 44% hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) 14 children (9,8%) and hypertension (≥ 140/90) 3 children (2,1%). In intervention group the teachers from Health School Program delivered promotion about healthy diets, and increasing activities for decreasing the body weight every Monday. Physical education instructors lead running exercise twice in a week for 50 minutes beside basket ball that already given in school curricula 1 x/week. The interventions had been done for 3 months. The parents of children in intervention and control group were given lea/lets about how to make healthy life style in children in order to prevent obesity. The results showed increasing of BMI in intervention group 0,17 ± 1,07 kg/m2 and 0,52 ± 0,71 in control group, with t test p = 0,027 (<0,05). From intervention group who had hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl) from 11 children (7,7%) decreased to 4 children(2,8%) and in control from 3(2,1%) to 1(0,7%) children. Two from intervention group who had hypertension decreased to normal range and one in control group. The children who had not eaten any vegetables in intervention group decreased from 39,3% to 26,2% and in control from 38,7% to 30,7% and not taking fruits in intervention decreased from 42,9% to 33,3% and in control group from 45,2% to 38,7%. The conclusion that model of management obesity through leaflets, exercise and healthy diets education, could decrease BMI in intervention more than control group. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and not eat vegetables and fruits decrease for two groups. These results proved the model that healthy diets education and exercise is effective for prevention and management of the childhood obesity through Health School Program and parents participation