The Linguistic Analysis of the Structure of the Yoruba Numerals

This paper adopts a descriptive approach in analyzing the counting system of the Yoruba language. It explains the technicalities of its arithmetical involvements which appear to have been contributing to the difficulty often encountered in its learning. The study relies on three major sources in gathering data for the descriptive analysis, namely, compilation of relevant list of Yoruba numerals, the researcher’s intuitive knowledge of the language coupled with his training as a linguist, and a search of the relevant literature. The work throws more light on the crucial roles of some affixes in realizing some odd numbers, multiples of twenty, centenary, bicentenary etc in their order of increase. The paper goes much further to examine the linguistic structure of numerals in a bid to bring to light some salient linguistic features that are of significant interest to the teaching of the grammar of the language. Here, we discover that Yoruba numerals derive more of its formation from different aspects of the language structure like sound level (phonology), form/structure level (morphology and syntax), and meaning level (semantics) as evidenced in instances like deletion, assimilation, coalescence, tonal changes, ambiguity, affixation, linguistic typology to mention a few. We also discover that unlike in English, the direction of counting in Yoruba is done from right-to-left. Not only this, it adopts base five, decimal (base ten) and vigesimal systems of counting. This is because the language employs a numeral structure where counting is done mostly in multiples of ogún (twenty). We therefore hope that the detail analysis given in this work will not only fill a gap in the study of the Yoruba language in particular but will also lead to the expansion of Yoruba linguistic database in general. We admit the views of the scholars that linguistic documentation such as this is necessary not only for the study of the language but for the record-keeping of its norm and values which are fast giving way for the impact of technology and domineering influence of the world languages

Traffic Mitigation And Congestion In Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria: Causes And Solutions

This dissertation focuses on how technology has transformed road traffic congestion between road users by examining the relationship between government, businesses, and road users through the application of traffic management in many cities in four regions of the world. It analyzes the connections between political decisions of traffic management, how users are made knowledgeable and the new modes of transportation as they relate to the roles of public and private users. The dissertation examines current literatures of twenty two (23) different countries: North America (United States of America and Canada), Europe (Poland, United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands and Sweden), Asia (Russia, China, Singapore, Hongkong, United Arab Emirates, Israel, South Korea, Japan, India), and West Africa (Ghana, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mali, Cote D’Ivoire, Nigeria) as they relate to trends and causes of congestion and mitigation applied in each country. Finally, this dissertation takes an in depth look at how road network can be improved through mitigation to reduce congestion in Nigeria; most specifically in Ibadan focusing on the intersection of Sango Eleyele Road and Sango Ojoo Road representing most of the major intersections in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

An Evaluation of Stakeholders and Accounting Teachers‟ Perception of Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure Practice in Nigeria

The paper addresses a significant gap in the Corporate Social Environmental Disclosure literature indicated by the lack of studies that examine non-managerial stakeholders‟ perceptions of the practice. Recent calls in the CSER literature have emphasized the importance of giving voice to non-managerial stakeholders groups. This paper adopting the stakeholder theory examined the perceptions of stakeholders‟ and accounting teachers‟ toward CSER practice in Nigeria. The study with the aid of charts and the Analysis of variance, analyzed a total of 80 questionnaires that were administered to accountants of various groups. The paper as part of its finding observed that there was a variation in the perceptions accountants as it relates to corporate social environmental disclosure issues. the paper calls for more pro-active steps on the part government, accounting regulatory bodies and the academia to wake up to their responsibilities by issuing out policy statements and standards that will make it either voluntary or mandatory fo

Tonal Sandhi in the Yoruba Language

This paper looks at a phonological phenomenon called tonal sandhi which is seen as an interaction among tones especially in register tone languages like Yoruba. The work examines various grammatical constructions where this linguistic feature usually occurs. It is observed that tones do not change or displace one another especially when words appear in isolation. Such interaction which often leads to displacement is noticeable in speech within some grammatical constructions. We equally discover that vowel elision leads to tone movement (since tone operates on a different tier, it does not get elided with vowel). This in turn leads to tone displacement. Keywords: tones, perturbation of tone or tonal sandhi, tone placement and tone Assimilation, register tone language. tone elision, floating tone

Morphophonological Deviation in Yoruba: Its Implication for Communication

This paper examines the morphophonological violation of the linguistic rules of Yoruba especially by the literary artists in their attempt to achieve communicative aesthetics. Through observational method, we discovered that they manipulate the morphophonological resources of the language without a second thought on its implication for communication. In the work, we discover that this deliberate deviation from the linguistic norms of the everyday language do have some consequences (i) it may lead to ambiguity (ii) it often leads to derivation of a new words which may be out of context with the discussion at stake (iii) it could be for the ease of speech production (iv) it is also noticeable in ordinary discourse as against some views that it is only manifested in the literary discourse (v) it is capable of constituting communicative difficulty to the language learners. Keywords: morphology, phonology, deviation process, derivation, communicative aesthetics, literary discours

Management Controls and Small Scale Enterprise’s (SSEs) Profitability in Ogun State, Nigeria

The attainment or otherwise of the primary objective of business, which is profitability is dependent on the effectiveness of controls inherent in its processes. The most susceptible to the misuse of resources due to lack of controls are the small scale enterprises (SSE). This leads to the death of seven out of every ten SSE established in their first two years. This study examined the effect of management controls of SSEs on their profitability. The use ordinary least square regression was employed in testing the research hypothesis formulated. Survey data was collected through the use of questionnaires. The study observed that internal control system has a positive significant effect on the financial performance of SSEs. The study therefore concludes that the establishment of controls such as preventive, corrective and detective controls forestalls organizations profit from leaks

Role of Corporate Governance in the Financial Crisis; Evidence from Nigerian Banks

Accessing problems from the perceived causes usually leads to a relief or solution. This paper examines corporate governance and the Nigerian financial crisis which was majorly characterised by poor credit risk management, with the aim to determine the relationship that exists between corporate governance and credit risk management. Secondary data were gathered from 19 listed Nigerian banks for a 5 year period between 2005 and 2009; the postconsolidation to financial sector crash in Nigeria. Corporate governance is measured by statutory committee, committee independence, board size, board composition, executive duality and directors’ interest; while credit risk management is measured by non–performing loans ratio, loan loss provision, and loan to deposit ratio. The data were analysed by Ordinary least square panel data analysis. Findings revealed that banks with good corporate governance have better credit risk management. Results of the hypotheses tests revealed that there is a significant relationship between corporate governance and the credit risk management variables: non–performing loans ratio; loan loss provision; and loans to deposits ratio. This paper recommends that directors of banks should ensure compliance with corporate governance policies for a more thorough administration of the financial syste

Compensation for expropriated community farmland in Nigeria: An in-depth analysis of the laws and practices related to land expropriation for the lekki free trade zone in lagos

In Nigeria, the recurring impoverishment and other negative socioeconomic impacts endured by landholders affected by expropriation are well-documented and call into question the Land Use Act’s (LUA) effectiveness in protecting local land rights. The World Bank’s Land Governance Assessment Framework found that, in Nigeria, “a large number of acquisitions occurs without prompt and adequate compensation, thus leaving those losing land worse off, with no mechanism for independent appeal even though the land is often not utilized for a public purpose”. Such negative outcomes may be due to a number of factors, including corruption, limited capacity, and insufficient financing as well as Nigeria’s weak legal framework. According to a recent study of compensation procedures established in national laws of 50 countries, Nigeria’s compensation procedure lags behind many of the countries assessed because the LUA mostly fails to adopt international standards on the valuation of compensation. This article examines Nigerian expropriation and compensation procedures in more detail by combining both an in-depth legal analysis of Nigeria’s expropriation laws as well as survey and qualitative research that indicates, to some extent, how expropriation laws function in practice in Nigeria. Based on our legal assessment, surveys, and interviews with both government and private sector officials involved in the LFTZ, we found that the Nigerian government failed to comply with international standards on expropriation and compensation, both in terms of its laws and its practices in the LFTZ case. This article expands our conference paper written for the UN Economic Commission of Africa Conference on Land Policy in Africa, which took place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in November of 2017. Under Nigeria’s LUA, affected landholders are not granted the right to participate in expropriation and compensation decision-making or otherwise be consulted on matters affecting their land and livelihoods. In 2004, the LUA enabled the Lagos State government to set aside 16,500 hectares of expropriated agricultural land from Lagos coastal communities to develop the Lekki Free Trade Zone (LFTZ). Following the expropriation, the Lagos State Government (LSG) and Lekki Worldwide Investment Limited signed a Memorandum of Understand (MOU) with nine affected communities in 2007. The MOU is a legally binding document that promises compensation, alternative land, jobs, healthcare, and educational opportunities to the communities affected by expropriation. However, our research suggests that the MOU has not been fully honored. According to a survey of 140 affected households conducted in August 2017, the government still had not paid sufficient compensation to all affected communities or had not yet provided them with suitable alternative land, jobs, equity shares and other entitlements promised by the MOU. While there are several reasons why the MOU has not been honored, this article mainly focuses on the failure of the LUA to establish binding obligations on government officials to compensation, resettle, and reconstruct the livelihoods of affected landholders. This article argues that the LUA must be reformed so that, whenever land is expropriated for development projects, the government and private sector entities (i.e., acquiring bodies) have a legal obligation to provide sufficient and prompt compensation, alternative land, jobs, equity shares, and other entitlements to affected landholders. Moreover, the LUA should obligate the government and acquiring bodies to follow a transparent and participatory process when expropriating land and compensating communities so that, if properly enforced, the reformed LUA can mitigate the risks commonly associated with expropriation, including landholder impoverishment, displacement, food insecurity, and conflict