Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility and Excitability Score in Rabbit fed Hibiscus sabdariffa in Graded Level

Summary: This study was conducted for 10 weeks with the aim of investigating the erythrocyte membrane integrity as measured by erythrocyte osmotic fragility and excitability scores of rabbits fed graded level of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx (HSC). Twenty weaners’ rabbit of both sexes were used for the study and were placed on four experimental diets which contain the following percentages of HSC 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, as feed additive and were added at 0 g, 62.5 g, 125 g, 187.5 g designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4 experimental diets. Excitability scores were measured weekly as described by Voisnet et al. (1997). At the end of the experiment, the rabbits were slaughtered by severing the jungular vein. A Blood sample (2 ml) was collected from each rabbit into sampled bottles, containing the Na EDTA as anticoagulant for hematological analysis. Packed cell volume (PCV) Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Total red blood cell (RBC) count, Total leukocyte count as well as differential leukocyte was determined using standard method. The percentage haemolysis recorded at 0.3 % to 0.8 % was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in rabbits in T1 compared to the remaining 3 diets. The result of excitability score shows that rabbit on diet 1 and 2 had a lower value which was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than rabbits on diets 3 and 4 with a value of 65.5 ± 5.0 and 70.00 ± 5.50 % respectively. In conclusion this study demonstrated for the first time that chronic administration of HSC improves haematological parameters, brain mood and function as well as maintaining erythrocyte membrane integrity.Keywords: Erythrocyte osmotic fragility, Excitability score, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Rabbits, Haematological parameters

The use of citrus pulp silage in Diplodus puntazzo nutrition

[EN] Purpose Studying the efect of citrus pulp silage in the growth performance, amino acid retention of sharpsnout sea bream juveniles. Methods Citrus pulp is an energy and protein source that has been used to replace wheat meal in Diplodus puntazzo fngerlings; 96 fsh of 21.5±0.67 g were nourished with two experimental diets for 105 days. The control diet (CON) contained 421.6 g/kg of protein and 22.6 MJ/kg of energy. The citrus pulp diet (CPD) included 442.7 g/kg of protein and 22.02 MJ/ kg of energy. Results At the end of this trial, the CPD did not afect the growth parameters, but the feed efciency values exhibited statistically signifcant diferences, with those fsh fed the CPD having higher values, possibly due to the presence of limonene in the diet. The CPD also resulted in a reduction in amino acid (AA) content due to the protein being bound to fbre; this consequence did not afect the fnal fsh AA profle. For AA retention, only arginine displayed signifcant diferences, although the rest of the AAs also showed efects of AA reduction from the CPD. Conclusion Citrus pulp silage can be used in D. puntazzo feeding, without adverse in the growth performance and the amino acid profle, although it did cause a reduction in feed efciencyNogales Mérida, S.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Jover Cerda, M.; Sánchez Lozano, NB.; Velazco Vargas, JL.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2018). The use of citrus pulp silage in Diplodus puntazzo nutrition. International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (Online). 2018:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0235-5S182018Alnaimy A, Gad AE, Mustafa MM, Atta MAA, Basuony HAM (2017) Using of citrus by-products in farm animals feeding. 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Effects Of Domestic Effluent Utilisation On The Blood Characteristics Of Grower Pullets

Two hundred  10- weeks old golden Hubbard grower chickens were randomly assigned to four water treatments: tap water (TW). alum treated domestic sewage (ATDS), secondary treatment domesticsewage (STDS) and raw domestic sewage (RDS). Each treatment was replicated twice with 25 birds per replicate. The trial lasted for 9 weeks. The experimental waters were analysed to determine their quality, water consumption by the chickens in each treatment was measured to assess their acceptability and the effects of water treatments on hematological and serum biochemical constituents over time were evaluated. The sequence of water quality in decreasing order is TW: ATDS, STDS and RDS. The effect of the water treatments on water consumption of the chickens was not significant (p>0.05). The packed cell volume, haemoglobin, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, serum calcium and serum phosphorus of the birds were not significantly different (p>0.05) at each bleeding throughout the experiment. While the blood constituents evaluated all had values within the normal limits, the concentrations of calcium in the sera of the bird receiving ATDS were slightly lower at weeks 5 and 9. The chickens on any of the treatments suffered no apparent harm. The physiological constitution of the chickens at this stage of growth appears to be able to accommodate the differences in the chemical and physical compositions of the domestic sewage effluents without disrupting the animal health.Keywords: Domestic sewage effluents, blood constituents, grower chickens

Effect of Water Soaking of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Fruit Peel on its Chemical Composition and Growth Performance of Broiler Starter Chicks

Four batches of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel were soaked in water at 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours to produce four different samples labeled S0, S12, S24 and S36, respectively. These were milled and analyzed for proximate, energy, phytonutrients, vitamin C, Ca, and P. Soaking in water significantly affected (p<0.05) the proximate composition, phytonutrients, vitamin C, Ca and P contents of the peels. With the exception of limonene, the other phytonutrients, vitamin C, Ca and P decreased significantly with increased duration of soaking. Four sweet orange peel based diets namely T2, T3, T4, and T5 were compounded by replacing dietary maize in the control diet (T1) at 20% using each of the method S0, S12, S24 and S36, respectively. One hundred and fifty two-day old Anak broiler chicks, with an average initial body weight of 55.10 + 0.09 g were used to test the effects of the different diets on the performance of broiler chicks in a Completely Randomized Design experiment, which lasted for 5 weeks. Mean feed intake and water intake ranging from 45.10 to 52.19 g and 126.46 to 152.58 ml respectively were not significantly affected (p>0.05). Body weight gain and final body weight were significantly lower at T2 (25.02 g and 931.70 g, respectively) than the control, T3, T4 and T5, which were also not significantly different (p>0.05) from each other. The food conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better (p<0.05) at T1 (1.67). Water: feed ratio of the sweet orange peel meal diet groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control. It was concluded that water soaking reduced anti-nutrients and improved the nutritive value of sweet orange peel meal as a feedstuff in broiler starter diet

Hematology and Serum Biochemistry of Rabbits Fed Dried Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Pulp Meal Based Diets

Thirty six (36) growing rabbits (18 males and 18 females) aged between 5-6 weeks were divided into six groups of six rabbits each, consisting of same number of males and females were used in an 84-day feeding trial to evaluate their hematological and serum biochemical characteristics when fed graded levels of dried sweet orange fruit pulp meal (SOPM). The rabbit groups were randomly assigned to diets T0, T5 T10, T15, T20 and T25 in which SOPM replaced maize at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% weight for weight, respectively. On the 84th day of the feeding trial, four rabbits per treatment (2 males and 2 females) were selected for the evaluation of packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Serum biochemical indices such as serum glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, total protein, albumin and globulin were also calculated. The results showed that all the hematological indices varied significantly (p<0.05) in response to the experimental diets with the exception of MCHC, but were within the normal range for rabbits. The serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein were affected significantly (p<0.05) by the diets but their concentrations were within the normal range for rabbits. The sweet orange fruit pulp meal based diets were nutritionally adequate to meet rabbit requirements for accretion and safe consumption at 25% level of maize replacement. This shows that sweet orange fruit pulp meal is a possible feed resource for rabbit production

Genital tract morphometry and haematology of male rabbits fed graded levels of cassava leaf meal

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding graded levels of cassava leaf meal (CLM) on genital tract morphometry and haematology of twenty 8-week old male rabbits weighing between 815 to 910g. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments viz: T (control), T , T and T with CLM inclusion levels of 0%, 9%, 18%, and 1 2 3 4 27%, respectively after balancing for liveweight. Each rabbit was individually caged and served as a replicate in a completely randomized design. The feeding trial lasted for sixteen (16) weeks. Three (3) rabbits per treatment were slaughtered and evaluated for genital tract morphometry and haematological characteristics. The results showed that CLM had no significant effect (P>0.05) on testes, corpus, cauda, ductus and tunic weights. Positive relationships were observed between CLM in the diets and testes weight (r = 0.42; P<0.05) as well as cauda weights (r = 0.96; P<0.01). No significant effect (P>0.05) of diets were observed on packed cell volume, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, platelets, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes basophils and eosinophils. However negative relationships between levels of inclusion of CLM in diets and red blood cell, packed cell volume and haemoglobin were observed. It was concluded that the inclusion of up to 27% of CLM in bucks' diets is not detrimental to good health and normal reproductive tract development. It is recommended that further studies on the feeding potentials of cassava leaf meal at higher levels of inclusion and actual reproductive performance be investigated.Keywords: Cassava leaf, rabbit, dietary treatments, reproductive tract, morphometry,haematological characteristic

Comparative chemical composition of 24-hour fermented sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel meal and maize and effect on performance response of starting pullet chicks

The study evaluated the effect of 24-hour fermentation of sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel meal (24SOFPM) on its chemical composition and performance response to graded levels of peel meal in the diets of pullet chicks. Dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus level in 24SOFPM were close to that of maize. While limonene was higher in 24SOPFM, phytate was higher in maize than the 24SOPFM. One hundred and forty-four fourteen dayold Nera black pullet chicks were assigned to four experimental diets F0, F10, F20 and F30. SOPFM substituted maize in F0, F10, F20 and F30 respectively at 0, 10, 20 and 30%. The feeding trial lasted the remaining 6 weeks of the chicks’ phase. The study design was Completely Randomized Design. Daily feed intake was not significantly different (p>0.05). Average body weight gain was significantly different (p<0.05) and was depressed with no definite pattern in the SOPFM based diets. FCR was significantly different (p<0.05). Substitution of maize with SOFPM significantly (p<0.05) reduced feed cost/25kg, feed cost/bird and cost of production while decreasing efficiency of feed utilization for growth. Apparently, SOPFM might be a potential feedstuff which could substitute a proportion of maize in pullet chick’s diet when fermented for 24 hours.Keywords: chemical composition, performance, chick, sweet orange fruit peel mea