Assessment of Availability and Utilization of Instructional Resources for Teaching Primary School Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

Instructional resources are teachers’ strategic factors in organizing and providing education or pupils. It aids students to learn more comfortably and it influences students positively in their academic performance. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population for this study comprised of primary school teachers in private and public schools.  150 teachers were selected from public and private primary schools in Ilorin metropolis through simple random sampling technique. Two research instruments which comprised of self-designed questionnaire and checklist. The first instrument questionnaire with reliability value of 0.74 tagged “Availability and Utilization of Instructional Resources Questionnaire (AUIRQ) while the checklist was tagged Availability of Instructional Resources Checklist (AIRC). The hypothesis tested at 0.05 were analyzed using t- test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings from the study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on gender (t{148} = 1.714, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in  the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on teaching qualifications (F {2, 147} = 1.775, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on teaching qualifications (F {2, 147} = 1.775, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on teaching experience (F {2, 147 = 2.033, p>0.05). Thus, it was recommended that Teachers should be encouraged to search for necessary instructional materials that can appeal to the senses of pupils, arouse their interest, encourage their participation, make learning more meaningful and promote academic standard

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)