Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and Risk Behaviour among Students of Colleges of Education in Osun State, Nigeria

This study examined the knowledge and risk behaviours on HIV/AIDS of students in colleges of Education in Osun State. The study sampled 1600 students (male and female) from two colleges of Education. A descriptive survey was adopted for the study using stratified random sampling techniques. A self- developed questionnaire served as data collection tool. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages, while t-test and multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Result showed that many of the students in these colleges still do not have much knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Misinformation about HIV/AIDS prevention still persists and pronounced among the youths despite all the efforts of the national and international organizations. There is need for HIV/AIDS education in all Colleges of Education and other tertiary institutions in Nigeria to be taken more seriously than before. Despite the high level of knowledge of some of the students, their risky-behaviour has not changed.Key words: Risk-behaviour, knowledge, HIV/AIDS College of EducationIlesa, and Ila-Orangun

The implication of oil pollution for the enjoyment of sexual and reproductive rights of women in Niger Delta area of Nigeria

Oil is a major source of income for Nigeria and it is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Nigeria’s intensive oil sector accounts for nearly 40% of its gross domestic product, but declined steadily to an average of 14.71% of the country’s total export between 2006 and 20111; and contributed about 80% of budgetary revenues that all tiers of government heavily depend on.2 Oil spills and gas flaring are some of the effects of the unregulated exploratory activities of the oil multinational companies that have contributed immensely to the physical and mental illness of the local inhabitants of the Niger Delta region and violated most of their rights as guaranteed under international and regional human rights instruments and the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) 1999. In view of the growing threats to human health and the environment (posed by human activities), the international community has agreed to a number of treaties to respond to the health and human rights challenges posed by environmental degradation. Although Nigeria is a party to most of these instruments,3 it has done little or nothing to regulate the conduct of the oil companies that negatively impact on the health of the Niger Delta people. While the impact of oil extraction affects both men and women, the article focuses on its implications for women’s reproductive well-being. This is because women are a disadvantaged and marginalised group and have continued to experience discriminatory practices in many parts of the country, including the Niger Delta area. The article discusses the health challenges associated with oil exploitation in the Niger Delta, paying attention to the position of women. It then proffers suggestions on measures and steps that could be taken by the Nigerian government and other stakeholders in ensuring the adequate protection of the health rights of local inhabitants.International Bibliography of Social Science

Poverty Eradication and Sustainability of Healthful Living in Nigeria

Poverty is not simply a lack of adequate income; it is a multi-dimensionalphenomenon that extends beyond the economic arena to encompass factors such as the inability to participate in social and political life. In short,poverty is the deprivation of one�s ability to live as a free and dignifiedhuman being with the full potential to achieve one�s desired goals in life.Poverty level remains stubbornly-and-unacceptably high in sub-SaharaAfrica. This paper discussed poverty eradication as a tool to sustainablehealthful living in developing countries with special reference to Nigeriaunder the following:- poverty on human environment, Nigeria experiencesand poverty eradication program. In Nigeria it was evident that despite allsocio-economic, educational measures and police such as structuraladjustment programme (SAP) austerity measures, Universal Basic Education(UBE), devaluation of naira and seven point agenda mounted to improveeconomic status of family, have yield nothing but increased suffering, poorhealth and wide spread of social economic gap between families. li

Oil Exploitation and Compliance with International Environmental Standards: The Case of Double Standards in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

The need for provision and sustenance of energy around the world has necessitated the exploitation of crude oil in different parts of the globe. However, the technology for this exercise so far, is limited to corporations from the technologically advanced countries which operate in the oil-rich areas. The corporations otherwise called multinational corporations (MNCs) have been found to employ discriminatory operational standards in countries of their operation as against what obtains in their countries of origin, particularly, where such are developing countries, lacking in requisite technology to tap their own resources. The paper examines some of the environmentally destructive methods of oil exploration adopted by the oil MNCs in developing countries, like Nigeria which may not be acceptable in developed countries where these companies are based. It argues that while the oil MNCs freely pollute and degrade the environment in the developing countries with little or no attention paid to the local inhabitants and the eco-system, the reverse is always the case in developed countries, as well as their home countries where they operate. This paper examines the practice of double standards by oil MNCs in Nigeria and the implications on the local inhabitants. It seeks for the elimination of unequal enforcement of international environmental standards and disparate treatment of local populations from the oil producing areas of Nigeria. Keywords: Environment, degradation, MNCs, indigenous people, international standard

Assessment of Availability and Utilization of Instructional Resources for Teaching Primary School Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

Instructional resources are teachers’ strategic factors in organizing and providing education or pupils. It aids students to learn more comfortably and it influences students positively in their academic performance. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population for this study comprised of primary school teachers in private and public schools.  150 teachers were selected from public and private primary schools in Ilorin metropolis through simple random sampling technique. Two research instruments which comprised of self-designed questionnaire and checklist. The first instrument questionnaire with reliability value of 0.74 tagged “Availability and Utilization of Instructional Resources Questionnaire (AUIRQ) while the checklist was tagged Availability of Instructional Resources Checklist (AIRC). The hypothesis tested at 0.05 were analyzed using t- test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings from the study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on gender (t{148} = 1.714, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in  the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on teaching qualifications (F {2, 147} = 1.775, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on teaching qualifications (F {2, 147} = 1.775, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the use of instructional resources for teaching primary school pupils’ Mathematics in Ilorin Metropolis based on teaching experience (F {2, 147 = 2.033, p>0.05). Thus, it was recommended that Teachers should be encouraged to search for necessary instructional materials that can appeal to the senses of pupils, arouse their interest, encourage their participation, make learning more meaningful and promote academic standard

The Role of Religious Leaders in Curbing the spread of HIV/Aids in Nigeria

The tragic impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Nigeria and its rate of escalation despite increasing access to health services have been alarming and terrifying. Nigerian people are very religious, yet the impact of the pandemic leaves nothing untouched. The article examines the response of the Nigerian religious leaders to the challenges of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. It discusses some of the challenges facing religious leaders as they grapple with the consequences of this pandemic and explores ways in which they can make a real difference in halting its spread.  

Skills Mismatch among Graduate of Tertiary Education in Nigeria

This paper examined the factors responsible for skills mismatch among graduate of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Using secondary data that were collected from both print materials and online publications. The paper identified weak industry-academia collaboration, weak public institutions, poor investment in tertiary institutions, lack of autonomy of tertiary institutions, lack of effective graduate employability feedback, poor implementation of policies and programme, poor curriculum planning and development and irrelevant courses and outdated curriculum as factors responsible for skills mismatch among Nigerian tertiary institutions graduate. Based on these problems identified, the paper hereby suggested the following. The federal government should declare state of emergency on tertiary education in Nigeria and call for national dialogue on reformation of tertiary education in Nigeria with key areas of funding model, management and supervision. There should be increment in investment to tertiary education in Nigeria. The federal government should direct National universities commission, National Board for Technical Education andNational Commission for Colleges of Education and their respective association of Vice chancellors, Rectors and provost to create a platform to engage and collaborate with major private employer of labour in Nigeria

Hybrid Entrepreneurship as a Tool for Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: A Review of Literature with Qualitative Research and Content Analysis

In today’s Nigeria, employment in organizations has turned upside down due to poor economic situations which do not allow many companies to pay their employees well. There is a need for individuals to look for ways to increase their incomes for meeting financial obligations. The need for hybrid entrepreneurship is critical as well. This paper conducts a review of literature on hybrid entrepreneurship as a tool for poverty reduction. The research employs qualitative research approach and content analysis. The study concludes that, hybrid entrepreneurship is a determinant practice to reduce the rate of poverty in Nigeria. The paper recommends that, hybrid entrepreneurship should be encouraged among the Nigerian citizens so as to reduce the poverty level that has become a problem of Nigerians. Also, every Nigerian should try to get involved or engage in other businesses to augment their incomes so as to achieve their personal and family goals