952 research outputs found
Obergefellâs Missed Opportunity
The stock market plays a big role in our current nancial system and the uctuations onit are believed to depend on many dierent factors. One of the factors that are believedto be correlated to the stock market are macroeconomic variables, that is, variables thatindicate the status of the economical situation. Examples of such macroeconomic variablesare unemployment rate, loan interests and ination. Earlier attempts to predictthe stock market have been made by using process demanding methods such as arti-cial neural network. A multilayer perceptron is a self learning system that goes underthe category of an articial neural network. Such a network learns by being trainedon old data sets and has the capacity to identify relationships between dierent data.This method has been used in earlier studies to predict the stock market with goodresults. The problem statement of this report is to nd the optimal training interval fora multilayer perceptron on a day to day estimation of the Swedish OMXS30 index. Theinput to the algorithm consisted of 38 parameters, which in this case was a collectionof individual companies stock prices, foreign stock indexes, macroeconomic variables,previous and current values of the OMXS30 index. The results from the simulationsthat were executed on old stock data shows that 180 to 200 days of training yielded thebest results, where eight of nine periods over seven years (2007-2014) yielded prot. Theresults from the simulations during the periods with increasing index were sometimesbelow the index gain, but always with a prot. During periods of index decrease theresults were sometimes with a prot and sometimes non-prot. In the case of indexdecrease the result was always above the total index decrease. The conclusion is as theresults shows, that the optimal training interval is 180 to 200 days for the simulationsrun in the study of this report.1Aktiemarknaden spelar en stor roll i dagens finansiella system och fluktutionerna pÄ börsen tros bero pa mÄnga orsaker. En av de saker som tros ha en koppling till börsen Àr makroekonomiska variabler, dvs sÄdana variabler som indikerar hur ekonomin mÄr. Exempel pÄ makroekonomiska variabler ar arbetslöshet,      rÀntenivÄer och i nation. Andra kopplingar som tros finnas till börsens utveckling Àr hur individuella aktier och utlandskabörser utvecklas. Tidigare försök har gjorts att forsöka forutsÀga aktiemarknaden med hjalp av berÀkningskrÀvande metoder, t. ex. Articiella neuron nÀt. En flerlagers perceptronar ett sjÀlvlÀrande system som rÀknas som en typ av articiellt neuron nÀt. NÀtverket lÀr sig genom att trÀnas pa gammal data och har formÄagan att hitta samband mellan olika data. I tidigare studier har denna metod anvÀnts for att förutsÀga aktiemarknaden med goda resultat. Problemformulering i denna rapport ar att ta reda pÄ vilket det optimala trÀningsintervallet ar för en flerlagers perceptron för att, frÄn en dag till en annan, förutsÀga indexet pÄ Stockholmsbörsen, OMXS30. Algoritmens indata bestod av totalt 38 parametrar som i detta fall var en samling av enskilda företagsaktievÀrden, utlÀndska börsers index, makroekonomiska variabler, tidigare vÀrden pÄ OMXS30 samt det nuvarande vÀrdet pa börsen. Resultaten frÄn simulationerna som kördes pa gammal aktiedata visar att 180-200 dagar Àr det basta trÀningsintervallet daatta av nio stycken perioder över sju Är (2007-2014) gick med vinst. Resultaten fransimulationerna under de perioder med stigande index blev i vissa fall under index, men alltid med vinst. I perioder med avtagande index sa blev resultaten i vissa fall vinstgivande och i andra fall inte vinstgivande, men i dessa fall alltid battre an den totalaindex nedgangen. Slutsatsen ar som resultaten visar att 180-200 dagar ar det optimala trÀningsintervallet for de simulationer som gjordes i undersökningen i denna rapport.
Timelessly Present, Compassionately Impassible: A Defense of Two Classical Divine Attributes
This study articulates a God-concept in the tradition of classical Christian theism, contending with calls to modify significantly or revise classical constructions. Attention falls upon two closely related divine attributes that have, especially in recent decades, come under philosophical and theological attack â Godâs timelessness and impassibility (inability to suffer). Is the âclassicalâ Lord truly Immanuel, i.e. with us? This general question motivates the study.
The opening three chapters analyze aspects of the God-concepts put forth by Augustine, Aquinas, and Calvin. Apparent tensions between a timeless transcendence and an affirming union of the Trinity with creation are countenanced, with an eye to doing justice to both doctrines. Chapter One examines the idea of divine timelessness and corresponding thoughts about temporal reality found in the Confessions, supplementing Augustinian transcendence with the creational and eschatological insights of two other Church Fathers. Chapter Two documents Aquinasâs affirmation of both Godâs strong immutability and the non-necessity of creation, while questioning whether he affirms these in a logically consistent way. Chapter Three then follows the contours of Calvinâs Trinitarianism and Christology, reflecting on the Triune Creatorâs gracious âweddingâ of himself to the whole work of creation.
The final three chapters operate within the fields of philosophy and philosophical theology. Chapter Four commends a tenseless (or B) theory of time, highlighting several problems surrounding tensed (or A) theories of time. But this former view implies that there is no âofficial present,â leaving no apparent room for the presence of the timeless God with times and temporally located agents. Thus Chapter Five seeks to address classical eternalismâs âpresent problem.â The conclusion is reached that the temporally absent Godâs âpresent problemâ can be resolved by embracing a ârisk-freeâ understanding of divine providence, best understood in terms of a âReformed decreeâ that strongly actualizes all non-divine entities and events. Chapter Six begins by wrestling with what implications the timelessness doctrine might have for âresponsiveâ divine compassion and ends by proposing that the infinite God âembracesâ the finite world not by way of a panentheistic inclusion but in some ways more akin to a husbandâs attentive care for his wife
Investigation of High-Level Language Support in a Resource-Constrained Embedded Environment
Personal computers have gained a significant boost in computational power and digital storage space at a reduced cost in the last decade. In the search of increased programmer productivity and cross platform portability, language popularity has shifted from lower level languages such as C to higher level languages such as Java and C#. Many of todayâs embedded systems are experiencing the same development as the personal computers did. However, most companies dealing with embedded devices still use C. We investigated what effect a shift like this would have at Axis Communications. The study was done by setting up C# and Java on a camera and conducting performance tests on it. The analysis showed that when using C# as a replacement for C, we saw improvements in programmer productivity whilst still upholding performance for some applications. For the most performance intense use cases, the performance requirements were not satisfied. With the growth of high-level languages, we do see a bright future for the support for them in embedded systems
Market establishment in India
The demand from Swedish companies of new potential markets to enter is increasing. One of
these companies is VĂ€derstad-verken which has the vision to grow approximately 15
percentages every year. To make this possible they must find new emerging markets to enter
to be able to grow.
Together with VĂ€derstad-verken we have chosen India as a case study. Mainly because of its
big agricultural sector that hasn't yet been developed to modern standard. It takes a lot of work from the company to establish new businesses on new and unknown markets. The
cultural differences between India and the western world vary a lot and this makes the market entry more complex. This paper examines a survey of key success factors and analyzes when entering emerging markets. The main conclusions of this thesis are presented below.
Important factors:
· To establish good relations with businesses and to build network on different levels in
the society, especially within the authorities.
· Decide on a policy towards the large corruption.
· Develop a risk analysis of the political position and how the agricultural politic will
change.
· The soft factors as culture, history and tradition are important during the establishment phase.
· Companies that work on the countryside within the agricultural sector in India should
have a domestic person employed who can communicate better.
· Business are done based on trust, therefore is it important to be a local performer.
· One important key factor is market analysis, the relevance of the different analysis
differs depending on when the business is established compared to the competitors.
Less important factors:
· To put resources into exercise lobbying
· Affirmative action of export, when it only exists in a small range and wouldn't
influence VĂ€derstad-verken.
· The domestic language is not important for companies who only do business with
other companies on the Indian market. The English language is hold as a business
language.Svenska företag efterfrÄgar i allt större utstrÀckning nya potentiella marknader att bedriva
verksamhet pÄ eller sÀlja produkter och tjÀnster till. VÀderstad-verken Àr ett av dessa företag
som vill vÀxa och anser att nya marknader Àr ett mÄste för att företaget ska bibehÄlla sin
tillvÀxt. Tillsammans med VÀderstad-verken har Indien valts ut som fallstudieland eftersom
landet besitter en stor jordbruksareal och jordbruket Ànnu inte har industrialiserats i nÄgon
större utstrÀckning. För att etablera sig pÄ en ny och okÀnd marknad krÀvs dÀremot mycket
arbete frÄn företagets sida, inte minst dÄ Indien skiljer sig mycket ifrÄn hur vÀsterlÀndska
företag vanligtvis arbetare. Syftet med denna uppsats Àr dÀrför att kartlÀgga viktiga och
mindre viktiga faktorer och analyser för svenska jordbruksföretag med vikt pÄ VÀderstadverken
nÀr etablering pÄ den indiska marknaden ska utföras.
Studien har genomförts med kvalitativa intervjuer av företag och personer som etablerat
verksamhet eller pÄ nÄgot sÀtt arbetat mot den indiska marknaden och pÄ sÄ sÀtt har erfarenhet
av hur marknaden och handeln fungerar.
Nedan redovisas studiens slutsats om vad som Àr viktigt, respektive mindre viktigt nÀr ett
företag ska etablera sig pÄ den indiska marknaden:
Viktiga faktorer:
· Att bygga goda relationer till företagskontakter och framförallt arbeta för att etablera
ett nÀtverk av kontakter pÄ olika nivÄer i samhÀllet, sÀrskilt inom stat och myndigheter
för att enklare ta sig igenom byrÄkratin som rÄder.
· BestÀmma hur företaget ska agera mot den oerhört stora korruptionen som rÄder i
landet.
· Riskanalys av det rÄdande politiska lÀget i landet och hur jordbrukspolitiken kommer
att förÀndras. En riktad analys mot omrÄdet/omrÄdena som företaget har för avsikt att
etablera sig i.
· Vid den inledande etableringsfasen Àr det viktigt att ta hÀnsyn till de mjuka
nyckelfaktorerna, sÄ som kultur, historia och traditioner viktigt.
· Att ha en inhemsk person anstÀlld pÄ företag som arbetar mot lantbrukare som
hanterar sprÄket och kan kommunicera pÄ ett bÀttre sÀtt.
· Att vara en lokal aktör pÄ marknaden dÄ landet Àr relationsorienterat och affÀrer görs i
tillit till motparten.
· En marknadsanalys Àr viktig men de olika analyserna i den varierar kraftigt i relevans
beroende pÄ om företaget kommer tidigt eller sent in pÄ marknaden i förhÄllande till
sina konkurrenter. I VÀderstad-verkens fall anses efterfrÄgeanalysen vara den
viktigaste för att fÄ en uppfattning om potentiell försÀljning.
Mindre viktiga faktorer:
· Att lÀgga resurser pÄ att utöva lobbyverksamhet
· Exportkvoteringen, dÄ den bara anvÀnds i vÀldigt ringa omfattning och inte skulle
pÄverka VÀderstad-verken och deras jordbruksprodukter.
· Det inhemska sprÄket Àr inte viktigt för företag som gör affÀrer med andra företag pÄ
den indiska marknaden dÄ engelskan anses som ett affÀrssprÄk
Tillförlitlighet eller tillfÀllighet - En studie om aktierekommendationer
Syfte: Undersöka hur stor andel av de aktierekommendationer som utfĂ€rdas för svenska aktiebolag som visar sig vara goda rĂ„d, ett Ă„r efter publiceringsdatum. Vidare analyseras ifall det rĂ„der nĂ„gon specifik skillnad mellan köp- och sĂ€ljrekommendationer. Metod: Kvantitativ studie med deduktiv ansats. Insamlade aktierekommendationer analyseras för att berĂ€kna en eventuell abnormal avkastning. Resultaten testas genom statistiskt z-test och binĂ€rvalsregressionsanalys, för att utreda vilka faktorer som pĂ„verkar sannolikheten för att rekommendationen Ă€r ett gott rĂ„d. Teoretiska perspektiv: Studien utgĂ„r frĂ„n den effektiva marknadshypotesen, CAPM samt tidigare forskning. Empiri: Kvantitativ data har samlats in för att undersöka aktiekurser och aktierekommandationer för aktiebolag noterade pĂ„ NASDAQ OMX Large Cap och Mid Cap. Slutsats: Det gĂ„r inte att bevisa att aktierekommendationer Ă€r goda rĂ„d i mer Ă€n hĂ€lften av fallen. Avseende köp- och sĂ€ljrekommendationer pĂ„visades skillnader, dĂ€r köprekommendationer oftast visade sig vara goda rĂ„d, medan sĂ€ljrekommendationer inte visade sig vara det. Bolag som handlas pĂ„ Mid Cap Ă€r, likt köprekommendationer, Ă€ven de oftast vara goda rĂ„d.Purpose: Examining the proportion of the stock recommendations issued for Swedish limited liability company that turns out to be good advice , a year after the publication date. It also analyzes whether there is any specific difference between buy and sell recommendations. Methodology: Quantitative study with a deductive approach. Collected stock recommendations are analyzed and calculated to examine whether or not they yield a possible abnormal return. The results are tested by a statistical z-test and a binary choice model, to examine which variables that affetct the likelihood of the recommendation being seen as a good advice or not. Theoretical perspective: The study is based on the efficient market hypothesis, CAPM and previous research. Empirical foundation: Quantitative data has been collected to investigate share prices and stock recommendations of companies listed on the NASDAQ OMX Large and Mid Cap. Conclusions: There is no proof that stock recommendations are good advices in more than half of the recommendations. Regarding buy and sell recommendations differences were found, where buy recommendations usually turned out to be good advice, while sell recommendations werenât. Company listed on Mid Cap are, just like buy recommendations, usually good advice
Direct observation of the thickness distribution of ultra thin AlOx barriers in Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junctions
We have directly measured the thickness distribution of the tunnel barriers in state-of-the-art Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junctions. From the distribution we can conclude that less than 10% of the junction area dominates the electron tunnelling. The barriers have been studied by transmission electron microscopy, specifically using atomic resolution annular dark field (ADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging. The direct observation of the local barrier thickness shows a Gaussian distribution of the barrier thickness variation along the junction, from ~1 to ~2nm. We have investigated how the thickness distribution varies with oxygen pressure (Po) and oxidation time (to) and we find, in agreement with resistance measurements, that an increased to has a larger impact on barrier thickness and its uniformity compared to an increased Po
Tessellation-based stochastic modelling of 3D coating structures imaged with FIB-SEM tomography
To facilitate printing, coatings are typically applied to paperboard used for packaging to provide a good surface for application. To optimise the performance of the coating, it is important to understand the relationship between the microstructure of the material and its mass transport properties. In this work, three samples of paperboard coating are imaged using combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) tomography data appropriately segmented to characterise the internal microstructure. These images are used to inform a parametric, tessellation-based stochastic three-dimensional model intended to mimic the irregular geometry of the particles that can be seen in the coating. Parameters for the model are estimated from the FIB-SEM image data, and we demonstrate good agreement between the real and virtual structures both in terms of geometrical measures and mass transport properties. The development of this model facilitates exploration of the relationship between the structure and its properties
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