Heating prepared foods in microwave ovens

"4/80/3M""This guide discusses the microwave heating-to-serving temperature of cooked or ready-to-eat foods that are frozen, refrigerated or at room temperature. The rate of heating varies somewhat between ovens, but there are some general rules for figuring heating times. Any suggested heating times given here are for 600 to 650 watt ovens at full power setting."--First paragraph.Wanda Olson (Extension Specialist, Household Equipment), Robert Olson (Extension Specialist, Food Service Management, University of Minnesota

Selecting a microwave appliance

"4/80/3M""Microwave cooking appliances are available as microwave ovens (a few models have heating elements designed for top browning of foods) and microwave-conventional ovens. In this case conventional refers to standard electric bake and broil units located within the same oven cavity, which may be used separately or at the same time as the microwaves. The microwave-conventional over is not available with gas bake or broil units."--First page.Wanda Olson (Extension Household Equipment Specialist), Robert Olson (Food Service Management Specialist, University of Minnesota

FLAT2D: Fast localization from approximate transformation into 2D

Many autonomous vehicles require precise localization into a prior map in order to support planning and to leverage semantic information within those maps (e.g. that the right lane is a turn-only lane.) A popular approach in automotive systems is to use infrared intensity maps of the ground surface to localize, making them susceptible to failures when the surface is obscured by snow or when the road is repainted. An emerging alternative is to localize based on the 3D structure around the vehicle; these methods are robust to these types of changes, but the maps are costly both in terms of storage and the computational cost of matching. In this paper, we propose a fast method for localizing based on 3D structure around the vehicle using a 2D representation. This representation retains many of the advantages of "full" matching in 3D, but comes with dramatically lower space and computational requirements. We also introduce a variation of Graph-SLAM tailored to support localization, allowing us to make use of graph-based error-recovery techniques in our localization estimate. Finally, we present real-world localization results for both an indoor mobile robotic platform and an autonomous golf cart, demonstrating that autonomous vehicles do not need full 3D matching to accurately localize in the environment

The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s: Its Impact on Turkey and the Middle East

In this volume, leading scholars on the history of the Kurds lay out the case that the Kurdish Question looms as one of the largest threats to peace and stability in the Middle East. With the majority of Kurds living within its borders, no country faces this threat more squarely than Turkey, whose concept of a unified, cohesive nation—in which the existence of ethnic minorities is not acknowledged—makes the powder keg more difficult to manage than elsewhere. Separate sections examine the development of the movement and explore its influence on Turkey’s foreign, domestic, and human rights policies, in the end questioning the viability of the Turkish state as presently constituted. Robert Olson, professor of Middle East and Islamic history at the University of Kentucky, is the author of several books, including The Ba\u27ath in Syria, 1947-1982, and The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism, 1880-1925. Readers struggling to understand the renewed presence of U.S. Cruise missiles and B-52s in the skies over Iraq . . . and willing to invest time and effort to achieve a better grasp of this complex and troubled region will find useful data and insights here. —Booklist The Kurdish question is poisoning the body-politic of the whole country. —Middle East International An invaluable briefing on one of the Middle East\u27s most complex, enduring, and tragic conflicts. —Midwest Book Review Accomplishes what we cannot do in this country and which will cause eyebrows to be raised in official circles. —Milliyet The book\u27s essays are not only informative but impressive. —Perspectives on Political Sciencehttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_near_east_history/1000/thumbnail.jp

Cooking foods in microwave ovens

"4/80/3M""During cooking, heat is transferred into and within food. With a conventional range, the heat comes from a flame or an electric heating element; in some cases, it may be a surface heated by an enclosed element. A microwave oven has no flame or element (unless it contains a conventional browning element); instead heat is created directly in foods and liquids. Energy from invisible microwaves causes rapid movement of fat and water molecules; the movement produces heat."--First paragraph.Wanda Olson (Extension Specialist, Household Equipment), Isabel Wolf (Extension Specialist, Food Science and Nutrition), Robert Olson (Extension Specialist, Food Service Management ; University of Missouri--Columbia

Knowledge and Technology Transfer in Earthquake Engineering: Consequence-Based Engineering (CBE) Implementation Opportunities and Challenges

This project involved investigating the opportunities offered by, and barriers facing, the adoption of the Consequence-Based Engineering (CBE) paradigm developed by the Mid-America Earthquake Center. The primary intent was to inform the Center???s managers, researchers, staff, and others about knowledge transfer processes and implementation considerations. The emphasis was on identifying those factors and processes that could support or inhibit the eventual adoption and use of CBE by practicing engineers and other potential users (i.e., stakeholders) in the region and perhaps nationally. The work devolved into four principal tasks, three of which resulted in the enclosed Working Papers: (1) Knowledge and Technology Transfer Models, (2) Factors Affecting the Acceptance and Use of CBE, and (3) Recommended CBE Implementation Support Strategies. Each Working Paper contains its own Principal References while the fourth document is the project???s Bibliography.published or submitted for publicatio

15N tracer studies of the primary nitrite maximum

15N tracers were used in sub-tropical and Antarctic waters to study the production of nitrite from nitrate and ammonia, and the uptake of nitrate and ammonia. It was found that ammonia was the predominant source of nitrite in the primary nitrite maximum in sub-tropical waters and in the Ross Sea in summer, while nitrate and ammonia were both important in the Scotia Sea in early spring...

Two Sculptural Fabrications That Utilize Tension

The problem chosen is one which utilizes the fabrication of parts to be constructed into a unified sculptural whole. The documentation of the fabrication of two sculptural statements is presented in this paper. A personal process of finalizing a finished piece will be presented. The works in the following pages are from similar ideas, yet different in their approach because of the two separate materials utilized--mild steel and quarter-sawed white oak. The first documented piece discussed is in steel; the second, in wood. What guides the approach to the works as sculptural ideas will first be encountered. I am involved in the process of making objects. The subject matter of my sculptures state their own existence as three-dimensional form. My statement is primarily motivated by a desire to experience lines and tension in space. The tension experience comes through the use of various dimensional thicknesses of line and their accompanying weights. The linear elements are directional, their tense characters vary in degree from one material to another, i.e., steel and wood. The sculpture shows that my hand has touched and worked the material. The material relays information to show the directness of its execution in the construction process. The tension process incorporated into the pieces registers with the material at its chosen worked state - to be in parity