EC68-776 Livestock Liquid Manure Disposal Systems

Extension Circular 68-776: Livestock Liquid Manure Disposal Systems; the ideal system, digestive principles of animal waste management, systems in use, lagoons, detention ponds, and remarks

Theoretical Description Of The Binary Peak In Clothed Ion-atom Collisions

The impulse or binary encounter approximation for ion-atom collisions is extended to treat the non-Coulomb interaction between a clothed projectile ion and the target electrons. This model is shown to reproduce the unexplained enhancement of the zero-degree binary peak for partially stripped ions over that for Equi velocity fully stripped ions that has recently been observed experimentally in Fq++H2, He collisions. Very good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment and, furthermore, this model is used to illuminate the underlying dynamics which leads to the observed enhancement. © 1990 IOP Publishing Ltd

Chemical Problems of Farm Water Supplies

The water supply on South Dakota farms is a source of many problems. In most cases, it is a difficult and expensive operation to obtain an adequate supply at a desirable location. Once obtained, many problems of plumbing and maintenance are left to be solved. Although the installation and maintenance may be expensive and difficult, the question of water quality may be even more important. The chemical quality of the ground waters (wells and springs) of the state in variable. In a few instances, well waters containing very low concentrations of dissolved materials have been found, but most have fairly high to excessively high amounts of dissolved minerals (salts). Depending upon the use to which the water is put, these salts may or may not be objectionable. Will and springs, of course, are not the only sources of waters on our farms and ranches. Stock dams are widely used in many parts of the state, and the water in these does not often present problems of a chemical nature as long as it is used only for livestock. Cisterns are occasionally employed to store rain water collected from the roofs of buildings, and most of the troubles with this type of supply concern contamination with ground waters, bacterial contamination, excessive color, or bad odors. Streams, lakes, or rivers are also used, and here as in the case of ground water supplies the chemical quality is highly variable. (See more in text

Classical Two-center Effects In Ejected-electron Spectra From P+, P-, And He2++He Collisions At Intermediate Energies

Doubly and singly differential cross sections for electron emission have been calculated by means of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method for the p+, p-, and He2++He systems at impact energies of 50 and 100 keV/amu. The calculations for the p+ and He2++He systems exhibit the capture to the continuum peak and agree in both shape and magnitude with experimental data. Analysis of the classical trajectories has helped to understand the dynamical formation of this peak. The dependence of the cross sections on the projectile charge (-1, +1, and +2) is analyzed and compared with first-order scalings. It is concluded from this analysis that the combined influence of both the projectile and target Coulomb fields prevails over all the electronic spectra. © 1989 The American Physical Society

Alfalfa Silage Effect of Storage Methods on Feeding Value and on Preservation of Nutrients

Feeding trials using beef cattle were conducted with baled alfalfa hay and with alfalfa silage stored in the stack, trench, and upright silo. Based upon feed costs at the time of storage, the average feed costs per 100 pounds of gain for the several experiments were as follows: baled hay, $18.70; upright silo,$22.35; trench silo, $30.58; and stack silo,$33.58. The greatly increased costs in the case of the trench and stack were the result of excessive fermentation and spoilage losses because air was not properly excluded. The chemical composition of the dry matter of the various silages was quite similar. However, the spoilage was considerably different in its composition from the edib]e silage. This was especially true where chemical determinations of digestibility were made, the values for the spoiled silage being very low. Dry matter and nutrient losses were determined on hay and the various silages for 1 year\u27s work. The amount of loss was largest when air was not properly excluded (stack and trench). This work emphasizes the need to provide storage for alfalfa silage of a type which will prevent exposure to air for satisfactory preservation of nutrients. In deciding what type of storage to use, the operator should consider this as well as the many other factors related to cost and convenience

Study Of The Dependence Of The Electron Emission Spectra On The Projectile Charge In H⁺, He2++He Collisions

The classical trajectory Monte Carlo method (CTMC) has been used to calculate doubly differential ionized-electron cross sections for the impact of He2+ and H+ on He at collision energies of 50 and 100 keV amu-1. The results exhibit the capture to the continuum peak and agree in both shape and magnitude with experimental data. The dependence of the cross sections on the projectile charge ZP is analyzed and it is found to be very asymmetric with regard to the capture to the continuum peak. This behavior is in agreement with very recent experimental data. Large deviations from the Z2P scaling predicted by first-order theories are found at large ejection angles

Egg Yolk Pigmentation as Influenced by Alfalfa Meal and Various Concentrates

This study was a continuation of testing natural and synthetic materials in the production of deeply pigmented egg yolk. Thus far ß-apo 8\u27 carotenoic acid ethyl ester (BACE) has been the most efficient pigmenter used, followed by ß-apo 8\u27 carotenal (BAC) and then various alfalfa concentrates, alfalfa or corn gluten meal and marigold meals. There has been a tendency for enhanced yolk color when the synthetic pigmenters were fed with alfalfa, suggesting synergism. This study was therefore conducted to determine if fractions of alfalfa meal with little or no xanthophyll would enhance the utilization of pure pigmenting material

Egg Yolk Pigmentation with Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal, Pro-Xan and Xanthophyll-free Freeze Dried Alfalfa Juice

This study concludes a series of tests in which natural and synthetic materials were used to produce deeply pigmented egg yolk. The most efficient pigmenter used was B-apo 8\u27 carotenoic acid ethyl ester followed by 6-apo 8\u27 carotenal, alfalfa concentrates and meals of alfalfa, corn gluten and marigold petals. In this test pure lutein, dehydrated alfalfa meal and Pro-Xan, an alfalfa concentrate, were used as sources of pigments^. The freeze dried alfalfa juice was tested for its possible effect in enhancing the utilization of pure lutein. Caged hens were depleted of body stored pigments by feeding an essentially pigment free, milo-soy diet for 12 months. Pigmenting materials were then added to the milo-soy basal to provide dietary pigment at levels of 10 and 20 ppm as shown in table 1

Yolk Pigmenters

Commercial quantities of deeply pigmented egg yolk are used by certain food manufacturers to give desirable yellow color to some of their products. Yellow com and alfalfa meal are the major natural sources of the yellow pigments (xanthophylls) found in the egg yolk. The degree of pigmentation depends largely on two factors, the pigment concentration in the diet and the amount of pigment absorbed by the yolk fat during yolk formation

Brightness variations in totally-eclipsing binary GSC4589-2999

We present multi-colour CCD photometry of GSC4589-2999 obtained in 2008 and 2009. The observations indicate that the system is an active Algol binary. Based on the new data, the mean brightness of the system is decreasing through the years 2007-2009. The light curves obtained in 2008-2009 are modelled using the Wilson-Devinney code. We also discussed the light and colour variations of the system at different orbital phases. Evidence suggests that these brightness and colour variations are due to the rotation of unevenly distributed starspots on two components of the system.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, 3 table