Arbetslivsforskning vid Lunds universitet : En inventering av arbetslivsforskningens omfattning, hemvist och förutsättningar

Vi lever i en tid då arbetslivet – både i Sverige och globalt – genomgår storaförändringar och står inför stora utmaningar. Arbetslivsforskning har därför enstor samhällelig relevans. Men hur står det egentligen till med arbetslivsforskningen vid Lunds universitet? Hur många arbetslivsforskare finns det och var någonstans håller de hus? Och hur ser de på förutsättningarna för att bedriva arbetslivsforskning vid Lunds universitet idag?Föreliggande rapport är resultatet av en inventering av den arbetslivsforskning som bedrivs vid Lunds universitet. Rapporten är skriven inom projektet Historisk arbetslivsforskning (HALF), ett av sju av Lunds universitets strategiska forskningssatsningar på Campus Helsingborg under åren 2019–2023

The SNARE Protein SNAP23 and the SNARE-Interacting Protein Munc18c in Human Skeletal Muscle Are Implicated in Insulin Resistance/Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE-Our previous studies suggest that the SNARE protein synaptosomal-associated protein of 23 kDa (SNAP23) is involved in the link between increased lipid levels and insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes. The objective was to determine whether SNAP23 may also be involved in the known association between lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes in humans, as well as to identify a potential regulator of SNAP23. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We analyzed skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy, insulin-sensitive control subjects for expression (mRNA and protein) and intracellular localization (subcellular fractionation and immunohistochemistry) of SNAP23, and for expression of proteins known to interact with SNARE proteins. Insulin resistance was determined by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp Potential mechanisms for regulation of SNAP23 were also investigated in the skeletal muscle cell line L6. RESULTS-We showed increased SNAP23 levels in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes compared with that from lean control subjects Moreover, SNAP23 was redistributed from the plasma membrane to the microsomal/cytosolic compartment in the patients with the type 2 diabetes Expression of the SNARE-interacting protein Munc18c was higher in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes Studies in L6 cells showed that Munc18c promoted the expression of SNAP23. CONCLUSIONS-We have translated our previous in vitro results into humans by showing that there is a change in the distribution of SNAP23 to the interior of the cell in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes. We also showed that Munc18c is a potential regulator of SNAP23. Diabetes 59: 1870-1878, 201

ApoB100-LDL Acts as a Metabolic Signal from Liver to Peripheral Fat Causing Inhibition of Lipolysis in Adipocytes

International audienceBACKGROUND: Free fatty acids released from adipose tissue affect the synthesis of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and glucose metabolism in the liver. Whether there also exists a reciprocal metabolic arm affecting energy metabolism in white adipose tissue is unknown. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We investigated the effects of apoB-containing lipoproteins on catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes from subcutaneous fat cells of obese but otherwise healthy men, fat pads from mice with plasma lipoproteins containing high or intermediate levels of apoB100 or no apoB100, primary cultured adipocytes, and 3T3-L1 cells. In subcutaneous fat cells, the rate of lipolysis was inversely related to plasma apoB levels. In human primary adipocytes, LDL inhibited lipolysis in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, VLDL had no effect. Lipolysis was increased in fat pads from mice lacking plasma apoB100, reduced in apoB100-only mice, and intermediate in wild-type mice. Mice lacking apoB100 also had higher oxygen consumption and lipid oxidation. In 3T3-L1 cells, apoB100-containing lipoproteins inhibited lipolysis in a dose-dependent fashion, but lipoproteins containing apoB48 had no effect. ApoB100-LDL mediated inhibition of lipolysis was abolished in fat pads of mice deficient in the LDL receptor (Ldlr(-/-)Apob(100/100)). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the binding of apoB100-LDL to adipocytes via the LDL receptor inhibits intracellular noradrenaline-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Thus, apoB100-LDL is a novel signaling molecule from the liver to peripheral fat deposits that may be an important link between atherogenic dyslipidemias and facets of the metabolic syndrome

A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (DAPA‐HF)

Background: Sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of incident heart failure hospitalization in individuals with type 2 diabetes who have, or are at high risk of, cardiovascular disease. Most patients in these trials did not have heart failure at baseline and the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on outcomes in individuals with established heart failure (with or without diabetes) is unknown. Design and methods: The Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse‐outcomes in Heart Failure trial (DAPA‐HF) is an international, multicentre, parallel group, randomized, double‐blind, study in patients with chronic heart failure, evaluating the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg, compared with placebo, given once daily, in addition to standard care, on the primary composite outcome of a worsening heart failure event (hospitalization or equivalent event, i.e. an urgent heart failure visit) or cardiovascular death. Patients with and without diabetes are eligible and must have a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, a moderately elevated N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide level, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. The trial is event‐driven, with a target of 844 primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include the composite of total heart failure hospitalizations (including repeat episodes), and cardiovascular death and patient‐reported outcomes. A total of 4744 patients have been randomized. Conclusions: DAPA‐HF will determine the efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to conventional therapy, in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Utlandskompetens – en byggsten i officersprofessionen : En uppsats om det mångfacetterade begreppet kompetens hos officerare med utlandserfarenhet

Försvarsmakten (FM) behöver kompetenta officerare med vana till väpnad strid. Genom att synliggöra och tillvarata officerare med utlandserfarenhet kan kompetensen användas på ett sätt som ökar försvarsförmågan och behåller kompetensen inom FM. Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva hur officerens kompetens förstås och omhändertas efter utlandstjänstgöring av personalplanerande officerare- chefer på bataljonsnivån i armén. För att uppnå syftet har författaren genom den tematiska analysen (TA) en ansats till objektiv tolkning av respondenternas subjektiva syn på officerskompetens vilket sedan beskrivs i resultatet. Genom ansatsen till objektiv tolkning har författaren utvecklat ett förslag till förståelsemodell av kompetens till vidare forskning i slutet av uppsatsen.   Författaren lyfter även fram och diskuterar teori i uppsatsen om officerskompetens med historiska återkopplingar för att visa att officerskompetensens har, och kommer att utvecklas genom att officeren får möjlighet till att delta i skarpa insatser. Författarens abduktiva ansats med TA skapar två huvudteman. Det första är förståelsen av kompetens som har två underteman: definitionen av kompetens och kompetensens värde. Det andra huvudtemat är tillvaratagandet av kompetens som har två underteman: organisationen som drivkraft och kompetensuppbyggnad. Dessa teman utgör uppsatsens resultat som diskuteras i kapitel fem och ger svar på uppsatsens forskningsfråga

Direct3D 11 vs 12 : A Performance Comparison Using Basic Geometry

Context. Computer rendered imagery such as computer games is a field with steady development. To render games an application programming interface (API) is used to communicate with a graphical processing unit (GPU). Both the interfaces and processing units are a part of the steady development in order to be able to push the limits of graphical rendering. Objectives. This thesis investigates if the Direct3D 12 API provides higher rendering performance when compared to its predecessor Direct3D 11. Methods. The method used is an experiment, in which a benchmark rendering basic shaded geometry using both of the APIs while measuring their performance was developed. The focus was aimed at testing API interaction and comparing Direct3D 11 against Direct3D 12. Results. Statistics gained from the benchmark suggest that in this experiment Direct3D 11 offered the best rendering performance in the majority of the cases tested, although Direct3D 12 had specific scenarios where it performed better. Conclusions. As a conclusion the benchmark gave contradicting results when compared to other studies. This could be dependent on the implementation, software or hardware used. In the tests Direct3D 12 was closer to its Direct3D 11 counterpart when more cores were used. A platform with more processing cores available to execute in parallel could reveal if Direct3D 12 could offer better performance in that experimental setting. In this study Direct3D 12 was implemented as to imitate Direct3D 11. If the implementation was further aligned with Direct3D 12 recommendations other results might be observed. Further study could be conducted to give a better evaluation of rendering performance

Nedmalningsgradens inverkan på KPRS och en multivariat analys av ATH

Validerat; 20130211 (global_studentproject_submitter

Utlandskompetens – en byggsten i officersprofessionen : En uppsats om det mångfacetterade begreppet kompetens hos officerare med utlandserfarenhet

Försvarsmakten (FM) behöver kompetenta officerare med vana till väpnad strid. Genom att synliggöra och tillvarata officerare med utlandserfarenhet kan kompetensen användas på ett sätt som ökar försvarsförmågan och behåller kompetensen inom FM. Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva hur officerens kompetens förstås och omhändertas efter utlandstjänstgöring av personalplanerande officerare- chefer på bataljonsnivån i armén. För att uppnå syftet har författaren genom den tematiska analysen (TA) en ansats till objektiv tolkning av respondenternas subjektiva syn på officerskompetens vilket sedan beskrivs i resultatet. Genom ansatsen till objektiv tolkning har författaren utvecklat ett förslag till förståelsemodell av kompetens till vidare forskning i slutet av uppsatsen.   Författaren lyfter även fram och diskuterar teori i uppsatsen om officerskompetens med historiska återkopplingar för att visa att officerskompetensens har, och kommer att utvecklas genom att officeren får möjlighet till att delta i skarpa insatser. Författarens abduktiva ansats med TA skapar två huvudteman. Det första är förståelsen av kompetens som har två underteman: definitionen av kompetens och kompetensens värde. Det andra huvudtemat är tillvaratagandet av kompetens som har två underteman: organisationen som drivkraft och kompetensuppbyggnad. Dessa teman utgör uppsatsens resultat som diskuteras i kapitel fem och ger svar på uppsatsens forskningsfråga