In vivo and in vitro simulation of a passive intra- aortic dumper

In molte situazioni critiche cardiovascolari si ricorre all'utilizzo di un sistema di supporto meccanico, la contropulsazione aortica (IABP). La IABP si basa sul gonfiaggio e sgonfiaggio di un palloncino posto all'interno dell'aorta, per produrre una riduzione del carico ventricolare durante la sistole e un miglioramento della perfusione coronarica durante la diastole. Alcuni problemi legati all'IABP sono tuttora irrisolti: elavato costo, inefficacia in caso di aritmie ed eccessiva sollecitazione meccanica della parete arteriosa per il rapido gonfiaggio e sgonfiaggio del palloncino. A questi problemi esiste una possibile soluzione: la contropulsazione passiva (PIABP), che non utilizza una fonte di energia esterna ma sfrutta la residua funzionalità cardiaca ottimizzando l'adattamento meccanico ventricolo-aorta dal punto di vista energetico. L'obiettivo iniziale di questo lavoro era la validazione clinica della PIABP, su pazienti, con l'aggiunta della misura dei flussi aortici per confermare il risultato di un precedente lavoro. Durante la sperimentazione effettuata su due pazienti sono emersi problemi legati alla tecnica strumentale impiegata per rilevare i segnali di flusso, che si è mostrata troppo operatore-dipendente. Per questo motivo l'attenzione si è spostata sulla validazione a banco, al fine di confermare gli effetti della PIABP sulla riduzione dell'ampiezza del polso aortico e valutare anche le variazioni della pulsatilità di parete vascolare. Questo effetto può, infatti, favorire l'aderenza di protesi endovascolari alla parete del vaso, rendendo il PIABP una possibile soluzione ad un problema clinico emergente. Per effettuare queste valutazioni sono state associate misurazioni di tipo meccanico (pressioni e flussi) e di tipo ottico (videocamera) implementando un sistema assolutamente originale

Multidisciplinary studies on a sick-leader syndrome-associated mass stranding of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) along the Adriatic coast of Italy

Mass strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are rare in the Mediterranean Sea. Nevertheless, in 2014 a pod of 7 specimens stranded alive along the Italian coast of the Central Adriatic Sea: 3 individuals died on the beach after a few hours due to internal damages induced by prolonged recumbency; the remaining 4 whales were refloated after great efforts. All the dead animals were genetically related females; one was pregnant. All the animals were infected by dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and the pregnant whale was also affected by a severe nephropathy due to a large kidney stone. Other analyses ruled out other possible relevant factors related to weather conditions or human activities. The results of multidisciplinary post-mortem analyses revealed that the 7 sperm whales entered the Adriatic Sea encountering adverse weather conditions and then kept heading northward following the pregnant but sick leader of the pod, thereby reaching the stranding site. DMV infection most likely played a crucial role in impairing the health condition and orientation abilities of the whales. They did not steer back towards deeper waters, but eventually stranded along the Central Adriatic Sea coastline, a real trap for sperm whales

Novel NDUFA12 variants are associated with isolated complex I defect and variable clinical manifestation

Isolated biochemical deficiency of mitochondrial complex I is the most frequent signature among mitochondrial diseases and is associated with a wide variety of clinical symptoms. Leigh syndrome represents the most frequent neuroradiological finding in patients with complex I defect and more than 80 monogenic causes have been involved in the disease. In this report, we describe seven patients from four unrelated families harboring novel NDUFA12 variants, with six of them presenting with Leigh syndrome. Molecular genetic characterization was performed using next-generation sequencing combined with the Sanger method. Biochemical and protein studies were achieved by enzymatic activities, blue native gel electrophoresis, and western blot analysis. All patients displayed novel homozygous mutations in the NDUFA12 gene, leading to the virtual absence of the corresponding protein. Surprisingly, despite the fact that in none of the analyzed patients, NDUFA12 protein was detected, they present a different onset and clinical course of the disease. Our report expands the array of genetic alterations in NDUFA12 and underlines phenotype variability associated with NDUFA12 defect

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of diagnostic methods in adult food allergy

Food allergy has an increasing prevalence in the general population and in Italy concerns 8 % of people with allergies. The spectrum of its clinical manifestations ranges from mild symptoms up to potentially fatal anaphylactic shock. A number of patients can be diagnosed easily by the use of first- and second-level procedures (history, skin tests and allergen specific IgE). Patients with complex presentation, such as multiple sensitizations and pollen-food syndromes, frequently require a third-level approach including molecular diagnostics, which enables the design of a component-resolved sensitization profile for each patient. The use of such techniques involves specialists' and experts' skills on the issue to appropriately meet the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of patients. Particularly, educational programs for allergists on the use and interpretation of molecular diagnostics are needed

Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 12

In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates published elsewhere are provided as Suppl. material 1

Fatality rate and predictors of mortality in an Italian cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Clinical features and natural history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differ widely among different countries and during different phases of the pandemia. Here, we aimed to evaluate the case fatality rate (CFR) and to identify predictors of mortality in a cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to three hospitals of Northern Italy between March 1 and April 28, 2020. All these patients had a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular methods. During the study period 504/1697 patients died; thus, overall CFR was 29.7%. We looked for predictors of mortality in a subgroup of 486 patients (239 males, 59%; median age 71 years) for whom sufficient clinical data were available at data cut-off. Among the demographic and clinical variables considered, age, a diagnosis of cancer, obesity and current smoking independently predicted mortality. When laboratory data were added to the model in a further subgroup of patients, age, the diagnosis of cancer, and the baseline PaO2/FiO2 ratio were identified as independent predictors of mortality. In conclusion, the CFR of hospitalized patients in Northern Italy during the ascending phase of the COVID-19 pandemic approached 30%. The identification of mortality predictors might contribute to better stratification of individual patient risk

Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 11

In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates published elsewhere are provided as Suppl. material 1

Studio di fattibilità della misura di sezione d'urto di cattura neutronica sugli isotopi di gadolinio

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è determinare gli spessori ottimali dei campioni arricchiti di isotopi di Gadolinio pari in modo da ottenere incertezze associate alle sezioni d'urto di cattura neutronica inferiori o uguali a circa il 5 %. Viene inoltre descritta la facility n_TOF al CERN, dove saranno effettuate una serie di misure di sezioni d'urto attraverso i rivelatori C6D6, caratterizzati da una bassa sensibilità ai neutroni scatterati