Evolução na utilização e nos gastos de uma operadora de saúde

Brazil’s aging population and the rising number of people reliant upon the country’s supplementary healthcare system have elicited the concern of public and private managers regarding the increase in healthcare costs. In this paper, the costs per gender, per type of medical expenses and per age group of a major Brazilian self-managed healthcare provider between 2007 and 2013 were analyzed. This healthcare provider is of interest because, besides portraying a single condition of revenue growth restricted to the existing contributors, it also replicates the demographic profile expected for Brazil in 2050, when approximately one-third of its population will be over 60 years of age. The analyses confirm the current literature as they show an increase in healthcare plan usage by the elderly and the difference between admission rates by gender. They also reveal an increase in average length of stay in hospital and the increase in medical costs far above inflation, especially for materials and medicines. It is hoped that this study will help scholars and others interested in comparisons of medical expense trends, especially by age and sex, and that it encourages further collaboration on the sustainability of health insurance providers in Brazil

Interband and intersubband absorption in HgCdTe multiple quantum wells

We present calculated and experimental interband and photoinduced intersubband absorption spectra for undoped HgCdTe multiple quantum wells. The results show that there is an enhancement of the interband absorption at energies close to the barrier energy for electrons. The calculated interband absorption, based on a full 8X8 k.p Kane model to obtain the electronic structure, predicts that this absorption enhancement is caused by an increase in the electron-hole joint density of stares due to band mixing for confined and continuous electron states. The photoinduced electron intersubband absorption presents an asymmetric line shape due to the nonparabolic bands. The calculated spectra reproduce well the experimental results. [S0163-1829(99)04215-0].5915101581016