Obesidade abdominal e fatores associados em comunidades quilombolas do Norte de Minas Gerais, 2019

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated factors in quilombola communities in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 based on structured interviews and measurement of waist circumference; Poisson regression, separated by sex, was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) of abdominal obesity adjusted by independent variables and a 95% confidence interval (CI95%). Results: 56.6% (CI95% 50.9;62.0) had abdominal obesity. In the adjusted analysis, among men there was an association of the outcome with age ≥60 years (60-69 years: PR=2.52 – CI95% 1.33;4.75), non-smokers (PR=1.73 – CI95% 1.17;2.55), and hypertension (PR=1.42 – CI95% 1.11;1.80); in women, the outcome was associated with age ≥50 years (50-59 years: PR=1.25 – CI95% 1.01;1.54), ex-smokers (PR=1.26 – CI95% 1.00;1.58), consumption of chicken with skin (PR=1.09 – CI95% 1.00;1.19), and hypertension (PR=1.22 – CI95% 1.11;1.36). Conclusion: the prevalence of abdominal obesity was high among quilombolas, and it was higher in the elderly, hypertensive, smokers and ex-smokers.Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de obesidade abdominal e fatores associados em comunidades quilombolas do Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em 2019, sobre entrevistas estruturadas e mensuração do perímetro da cintura; empregou-se regressão de Poisson, separada por sexo, para calcular razões de prevalências (RP) da obesidade abdominal ajustada pelas variáveis independentes e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: 56,6% (IC95% 50,9;62,0) dos quilombolas observados apresentaram obesidade abdominal; na análise ajustada, entre homens, verificou-se associação do desfecho com idade de ≥60 anos (60-69 anos: RP=2,52 – IC95% 1,33;4,75), não ser tabagista (RP=1,73 – IC95% 1,17;2,55) e referir hipertensão arterial (RP=1,42 – IC95% 1,11;1,80), enquanto nas mulheres, associou-se com idade ≥50 anos (50-59 anos: RP=1,25 – IC95% 1,01;1,54), ex-tabagismo (RP=1,26 – IC95% 1,00;1,58), consumo de frango com pele (RP=1,09 – IC95% 1,00;1,19) e hipertensão (RP=1,22 – IC95% 1,11;1,36). Conclusão: encontrou-se prevalência de obesidade abdominal alta entre os quilombolas, maior nos idosos, hipertensos, fumantes e ex-fumantes

Avaliações iniciais da quercetina na maturação in vitro de oócitos ovinos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and the subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) of ovine embryos. For this purpose, oocytes were collected and divided into the following treatment groups: control group, containing CON medium (control); and groups Q2, Q4, and Q8, with control medium supplemented with 2, 4, and 8 µM of quercetin, respectively. After IVM, the degree of cumulus cells expansion, presence of the first polar body (PB), and the other part of the oocytes proceeded to in vitro fertilization (IVF), where oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa for a period of 20 hours. Subsequently, the presumptive zygotes underwent in vitro culture (IVC) for 48 hours, and at the end of the process, the rate of cleaved structures was evaluated. The results were expressed in percentage and compared using the Chi-square test, with a significant difference considered when P<0.05. Evaluating the expansion of cumulus cells, the CON and Q2 groups showed the best expansion rates compared to the Q4 and Q8 groups. Regarding the presence of the 1st PB, it was observed that only the Q8 group exhibited lower rates compared to the control group. When evaluating the rate of cleaved structures, it was observed that the Q2 group showed a higher number compared to the Q8 group. Quercetin does not influence the maturation of ovine oocytes.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la quercetina en la maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos y la posterior fertilización in vitro (FIV) de embriones ovinos. Para ello, se recolectaron y seleccionaron ovocitos divididos en los siguientes grupos de tratamiento: grupo control, que contenía medio CON (control); y los grupos Q2, Q4 y Q8, con medio control al que se le añadieron 2, 4 y 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Tras la MIV se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo, la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar (CP) y la otra parte de los ovocitos se utilizó para la fecundación in vitro (FIV), donde los ovocitos fueron incubados con espermatozoides durante un período de 20 horas. Posteriormente, los presuntos cigotos pasaron a cultivo in vitro (CIV) durante 48 horas y, al final del proceso, se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentaje y se compararon utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, considerando una diferencia significativa cuando P<0,05. Al evaluar la expansión de las células del cúmulo, los grupos CON y Q2 mostraron las mejores tasas de expansión en comparación con los grupos Q4 y Q8. En cuanto a la presencia del 1er CP, se observó que solo el grupo Q8 mostró tasas más bajas en comparación con el grupo control. Al evaluar la tasa de estructuras clivadas, se observó que el grupo Q2 mostró un número mayor en comparación con el grupo Q8. La quercetina no influye en la maduración de ovocitos ovinos.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da quercetina na MIV de oócitos e na subsequente PIV de embriões ovinos. Para isso, foram colhidos e selecionados oócitos divididos nos seguintes grupos de tratamento: grupo controle, contendo meio CON (controle); e grupos Q2, Q4 e Q8, com meio controle, acrescido de 2, 4 e 8 µM de quercetina, respectivamente. Após a MIV foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus, presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar (CP) e a outra parte dos oócitos seguiu para a fecundação in vitro (FIV), onde os oócitos foram incubados com os espermatozoides, por um período de 20 h. Em seguida, os presumíveis zigotos seguiram para o cultivo in vitro (CIV), por um período de 48 h e, ao final do processo, foi avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e comparados, usando o Teste do Qui-quadrado e foi considerada diferença significativa quando P<0,05. Avaliando a expansão das células do cumulus, os grupos CON e Q2 apresentaram as melhores taxas de expansão, quando comparadas aos grupos Q4 e Q8. Quanto à presença do 1º CP, foi possível observar que somente o grupo Q8 apresentou taxas menores, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Já avaliando a taxa de estruturas clivadas, foi possível observar que o grupo Q2 apresentou maior número quando comparado ao grupo Q8. A quercetina não influencia na maturação de oócitos ovinos

Avaliações iniciais do uso do eugenol como antioxidante na maturação in vitro de oócitos ovinos

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of eugenol on the in vitro production of ovine embryos. Oocytes were aspirated and taken for in vitro maturation (IVM), where they were divided into 4 groups: the CON (control), in which the oocytes were immersed in medium without an antioxidant; in the EU10, EU20, EU40 groups, the same medium as in the COM group was used, supplemented with 10, 20, and 40 µM of eugenol, respectively. The degree of expansion of cumulus cells was evaluated. Subsequently, the oocytes underwent in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture, and at the end of this process, the rate of cleaved structures was assessed. Regarding the expansion rate of cumulus cells, the CON group exhibited higher rates compared to the groups supplemented with eugenol. Evaluating oocytes with fully expanded cumulus cells, only the EU40 group showed a lower rate when compared to the rest of the treatment groups. Whereas observing oocytes with partially expanded cumulus cells, the EU40 group showed higher expansion percentages compared to the other treatments. Concerning the presence of the first polar body in the oocytes, it was observed that there was no statistical difference between the treatment groups. Lastly, concerning the cleaved structures, the CON and EU10 groups showed the highest rates compared to the EU20 and EU40 groups. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the use of 10 µM of eugenol in the IVM of ovine oocytes proved to be the optimal concentration of this substance.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del eugenol en la producción in vitro de embriones ovinos. Los ovocitos fueron aspirados y llevados para la maduración in vitro (MIV), donde se dividieron en 4 grupos: el CON (control), en el cual los ovocitos fueron sumergidos en medio sin antioxidantes; en los grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 se utilizó el mismo medio que en el grupo CON, pero con la adición de 10, 20 y 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Se evaluó el grado de expansión de las células del cúmulo. Después de esto, los ovocitos fueron sometidos a la fecundación in vitro y al cultivo in vitro, y al final de este proceso se evaluó la tasa de estructuras clivadas. En cuanto a la tasa de expansión de las células del cúmulo, el grupo CON mostró tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos suplementados con eugenol. Al evaluar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo totalmente expandidas, solo el grupo EU40 mostró una tasa más baja en comparación con el resto de los grupos de tratamiento. Mientras que al observar los ovocitos con células del cúmulo parcialmente expandidas, el grupo EU40 mostró porcentajes de expansión más altos en comparación con los otros tratamientos. Respecto a la presencia del primer corpúsculo polar en los ovocitos, se observó que no hubo diferencia estadística entre los grupos de tratamiento. Por último, en relación con las estructuras clivadas, los grupos CON y EU10 mostraron las tasas más altas en comparación con los grupos EU20 y EU40. Por lo tanto, se pudo concluir que el uso de 10 µM de eugenol en la MIV de ovocitos ovinos resultó ser la concentración óptima de esta sustância.Objetivando avaliar o efeito do eugenol na produção in vitro de embriões ovinos. Os oócitos, foram aspirados e levados para a maturação in vitro (MIV), onde foram divididos em 4 grupos: o CON (controle), no qual os oócitos foram imersos em meio, sem antioxidante, já nos grupos EU10, EU20, EU40 foi utilizado o mesmo meio do grupo CON, acrescido de 10, 20 e 40 µM de eugenol, respectivamente. Foi avaliado o grau de expansão das células do cumulus. Após isso, os oócitos seguiram para a fecundação in vitro e cultivo in vitro, sendo, ao final desse processo, avaliada a taxa de estruturas clivadas. Em relação à taxa de expansão das células do cumulus, o grupo CON apresentou maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos adicionados de eugenol. Avaliando os oócitos com células do cumulus totalmente expandidas, somente o grupo EU40, apresentou-se menor, quando comparado ao restante dos grupos de tratamento. Já observando os oócitos com células do cumulus parcialmente expandidas, o grupo EU40, apresentou maiores percentuais de expansão, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Sobre a presença do primeiro corpúsculo polar nos oócitos, observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de tratamentos. E, por último, em relação às estruturas clivadas, os grupos CON e EU10 apresentaram as maiores taxas, quando comparado aos grupos EU20 e EU40. Dessa maneira, foi possível concluir que a utilização de 10 µM de eugenol na MIV de oócitos ovinos apresentou ser a melhor concentração dessa substância

O uso dos operadores como estratégia de busca em revisões de literatura científica

Introduction: In view of the exponential increase in the production of scientific knowledge and the notorious need to employ an objective selection, capable of filtering studies that hold the categories of analysis used in scientific research, it appears that the use of different resources of search contribute to the effectiveness of the research carried out. Objective: To present the main Boolean operators and the search terms, exposing how they can be used by researchers, aiming at the quality of scientific production. Material and Method: For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out. Literature Review: It is highlighted that: the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT or AND NOT, are connectors used to combine the search terms of interest; truncation uses special characters, especially the asterisk (*), the dollar sign ($) and the question mark, whose use varies according to the search platform; and the search keywords help in finding materials consistent with the themes investigated insofar as they are constituted from a specific and standardized vocabulary within the scientific environment. Final Considerations: It is suggested that new studies be carried out, where different review methodologies are employed, aiming at expanding the questions.Introdução: À face do exponencial aumento na produção de conhecimentos científicos e da notória necessidade de empregar-se uma seleção objetiva, capaz de filtrar os estudos que detenham as categorias de análise utilizadas na investigação científica, depreende-se que os empregos de diferentes recursos de busca contribuem para a eficácia das pesquisas realizadas. Objetivo: Apresentar os principais operadores booleanos e os unitermos de busca, expondo como eles podem ser utilizados pelos pesquisadores, visando a qualidade da produção científica. Material e Método: Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica. Revisão de Literatura: Destaca-se que: os operadores booleanos AND, OR e NOT ou AND NOT, são conectores utilizados para combinar os termos de interesse da pesquisa; no truncamento utiliza-se de caracteres especiais, sobretudo o asterisco (*), o cifrão ($) e o ponto de interrogação, cujo uso variam de acordo com a plataforma de pesquisa; e os unitermos de busca auxiliam no encontro de materiais condizentes com as temáticas investigadas na medida em constituem-se a partir de um vocabulário próprio e padronizado dentro do meio científico. Considerações Finais: Sugere-se a realização de novos estudos, onde diferentes metodologias de revisão sejam empregadas, visando a ampliação das questões apresentadas

Test timed up and go and its correlation with age and functional exercise capacity in asymptomatic women

Abstract Introduction: The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) is widely used and valid in chronic patients, but rarely addressed in asymptomatic individuals. Objective: To assess the reliability, the age-related changes and the correlation between TUG and the Functional Exercise Capacity (FEC) adjusted for non-institutionalized middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: Ninety-eight women (57 ± 10 years) were selected and stratified into age groups. We have performed the tests TUG, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and evaluation of usual gait speed (UGS). Fifty-eight participants (57 ± 10 years) also performed incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). Results: Worse performance in TUG (p < 0,05) for participants aged ≥ 70 years for age groups 40-49 and 50-59 years. The reliability of TUG was excellent between the first and second TUG (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.933; confidence interval of 95%, from 0.901 to 0.955) and between the second and third TUG (0.958, 0.938 to 0.972). The group of 58 participants who underwent further the ISWT, TUG correlated significantly (p <0.05) with ISWT (r = -0.72), VUM (r = -0.54) and BBS (r= 0.58). A multiple linear regression analysis selected TUG (R2 = 0.517) and VUM (R2 = 0.083) as determinants of FEC. Conclusion: TUG adapted for asymptomatic women is reliable and able to assess the decline of physical mobility with advancing age and it also crucial to the FEC

Test timed up and go and its correlation with age and functional exercise capacity in asymptomatic women

<div><p>Abstract Introduction: The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) is widely used and valid in chronic patients, but rarely addressed in asymptomatic individuals. Objective: To assess the reliability, the age-related changes and the correlation between TUG and the Functional Exercise Capacity (FEC) adjusted for non-institutionalized middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: Ninety-eight women (57 ± 10 years) were selected and stratified into age groups. We have performed the tests TUG, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and evaluation of usual gait speed (UGS). Fifty-eight participants (57 ± 10 years) also performed incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). Results: Worse performance in TUG (p < 0,05) for participants aged ≥ 70 years for age groups 40-49 and 50-59 years. The reliability of TUG was excellent between the first and second TUG (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.933; confidence interval of 95%, from 0.901 to 0.955) and between the second and third TUG (0.958, 0.938 to 0.972). The group of 58 participants who underwent further the ISWT, TUG correlated significantly (p <0.05) with ISWT (r = -0.72), VUM (r = -0.54) and BBS (r= 0.58). A multiple linear regression analysis selected TUG (R2 = 0.517) and VUM (R2 = 0.083) as determinants of FEC. Conclusion: TUG adapted for asymptomatic women is reliable and able to assess the decline of physical mobility with advancing age and it also crucial to the FEC.</p></div

Factors affecting postpartum ovarian activity of goats in tropical semi-arid region : Environment and nutrition factors in reproduction

There have been few studies on the use of diets and strategies to reduce the length of postpartum anoestrus in dairy goats, especially in tropical semi-arid regions. This review discusses the factors influencing the return of postpartum ovarian activity in goats. During the postpartum period, goats are in puerperal anoestrus and their reproductive tract is being prepared for a new conception. Anoestrus is necessary for tissue renewal in the uterus (uterine involution) associated with the return of cyclic ovarian activity, and is influenced by factors such as suckling of the offspring, social interactions, body condition score (BCS) before and after birth, intensity of negative energy balance (NEB) and stress from adverse climatic conditions. The anoestrus period can be extended by delays in the resumption of reproductive activity of females in puerperium. The duration of puerperal anoestrus in goats directly affects the productivity of the herd and is mainly influenced by nutrition, lactation period and heat stress. To minimize the negative effects of postpartum anoestrus on productivity, we recommend a mating season and a plan for the kidding period, as well as a program to monitor the body condition score during pregnancy so that the animals will have a better BCS at parturition. To minimize the effects of a negative energy balance, we suggest nutritional supplementation with levels of energy above the requirements for maintenance. Highlights The duration of postpartum anoestrus in goats is influenced by nutrition and body condition score. Heat stress can intensify the negative energy balance, consequently increased the period of anoestrus. Puerperal anoestrus occurs as a result of tissue renewal in the uterus. Suckling of the offspring associated with the period of lactation and social interactions can modified the puerperal anoestrus period. Use of diets and strategies to reduce the postpartum anoestrus in goats.There have been few studies on the use of diets and strategies to reduce the length of postpartum anoestrus in dairy goats, especially in tropical semi-arid regions. This review discusses the factors influencing the return of postpartum ovarian activity in goats. During the postpartum period, goats are in puerperal anoestrus and their reproductive tract is being prepared for a new conception. Anoestrus is necessary for tissue renewal in the uterus (uterine involution) associated with the return of cyclic ovarian activity, and is influenced by factors such as suckling of the offspring, social interactions, body condition score (BCS) before and after birth, intensity of negative energy balance (NEB) and stress from adverse climatic conditions. The anoestrus period can be extended by delays in the resumption of reproductive activity of females in puerperium. The duration of puerperal anoestrus in goats directly affects the productivity of the herd and is mainly influenced by nutrition, lactation period and heat stress. To minimize the negative effects of postpartum anoestrus on productivity, we recommend a mating season and a plan for the kidding period, as well as a program to monitor the body condition score during pregnancy so that the animals will have a better BCS at parturition. To minimize the effects of a negative energy balance, we suggest nutritional supplementation with levels of energy above the requirements for maintenance. Highlights The duration of postpartum anoestrus in goats is influenced by nutrition and body condition score. Heat stress can intensify the negative energy balance, consequently increased the period of anoestrus. Puerperal anoestrus occurs as a result of tissue renewal in the uterus. Suckling of the offspring associated with the period of lactation and social interactions can modified the puerperal anoestrus period. Use of diets and strategies to reduce the postpartum anoestrus in goats

Effect of pFSH dose reduction on in vivo embryo production in Dorper ewes

To evaluate the effect of pFSH dose on the in vivo embryo production of Dorper ewes in the semi-arid northeast of Brazil, 40 sheep females were distributed into two groups of 20 animals that received intravaginal CIDR for 14 days, and two days before device removal, they received one of the following treatments: in the FSH200 group, the ewes received 200 mg of pFSH; and in the FSH128 group, the ewes received a total of 128 mg in decreasing doses every 12 h. Beginning 12 h after the conclusion of the treatments, estrus detection was performed every four hours using two Dorper rams of proven fertility. The ewes were mated at estrus onset and 24 hours later. Seven days after intravaginal device removal, the superovulatory response was evaluated, and embryo collection was performed using the laparotomy method. The recovered flushings were subjected to embryo searches under a stereomicroscope and classified according to their qualities. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and LSD tests were used to compare the different parameters. The data expressed as percentages were analysed by chi-square test. The ovulation rate was higher in the FSH200 group, which had 16.3 ± 0.3 corpora lutea (CL), than in the FSH128 group, which had 11.3 ± 0.3 CL (P&lt;0.05). However, higher fertilization rate (83.6% vs. 62.4%) and higher transferable (86.0% vs. 71.6%) and freezable (67.9% vs. 40.8%) embryo rates were observed in the FSH 128 group compared with the group that received 200 mg. Furthermore, no significant differences in the remaining parameters were observed between the experimental groups (P&gt;0.05), demonstrating that pFSH dose reduction promoted a greater production of freezable and transferable embryos in Dorper ewes subjected to MOET.</p