Effect of Polydextrose on the Growth of Pediococcus pentosaceus as Well as Lactic Acid and Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) Production

Pediococcus pentosaceus was cultivated in MRS medium supplemented or not with polydextrose under different conditions in order to evaluate its effect on cell growth, lactic acid and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) production. Independent variables were pH (4.0, 5.0, 6.0), rotational speed (50, 100, 150 rpm), polydextrose concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) and temperature (25, 30, 35 °C), while cell concentration and productivity after 24 h, maximum specific growth rate, specific rate of substrate (glucose) consumption, volumetric and specific lactic acid productivities, yields of biomass and lactic acid on consumed substrate were the dependent . The maximum cell concentration (10.24 ± 0.16 gX L−1) and productivity (0.42 ± 0.01gX L−1 h−1) were achieved at pH 6.0, 35 °C, 150 rpm using 1.5% polydextrose, while the maximum specific growth rate (0.99 ± 0.01 h−1) and yield of biomass (2.96 ± 0.34gX gS−1) were achieved at the same pH and polydextrose concentration, but at 25 °C and 50 rpm. The specific substrate consumption rate (0.09 ± 0.02 gS gX−1 h−1) and the volumetric lactic acid productivity (0.44 ± 0.02 gP L−1 h−1) were maximized at pH 6.0, 35 °C, 50 rpm and 0.5% polydextrose. BLIS produced in this last run displayed the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, while the same activity was displayed against Enterococcus faecium using 1.5% polydextrose. These results appear to be quite promising in view of possible production of this BLIS as an antibacterial agent in the food industr

Effect of inulin on the growth and metabolism of a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus

Metabolic studies are very important to improve quality of functional dairy products. For this purpose, the behaviors of pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus (St) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr) as well a co-culture of them (St-Lr) were investigated during skim milk fermentation, and the inulin effect as prebiotic was assessed. Lr was able to metabolize 6 g/100 g more galactose than St and St-Lr. Final lactic acid production by Lr was higher (9.8 g/L) compared to St (9.1 g/L) and St-Lr (9.1 g/L). Acetic acid concentration varied from 0.8 g/L (St-Lr) to 1.5 g/L (Lr) and that of ethanol from only 0.2 g/L (St-Lr) to 0.4 g/L (Lr), which suggests the occurrence in Lr of a NADH oxidase activity and citrate co-metabolization via pyruvate, both dissipating a part of the reducing power. Diacetyl and acetoin accumulated at the highest levels (18.4 and 0.8 mg/L, respectively) with St-Lr, which suggests possible synergistic interactions between these microorganisms as well as the Lr capability of co-metabolizing citrate in the presence of lactose. Inulin stimulated both biomass growth and levels of all end-products, as the likely result of fructose release from its partial hydrolysis and subsequent metabolization as an additional carbon and energy source. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)CAPES (Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education

Fossa s?ptica biodigestora de placas

Cartilha elaborada a partir do projeto de extens?o 10envolver e saneamento b?sico rural, vinculado ao Grupo de Extens?o e Pesquisa em Agricultura Familiar dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (GEPAF Vales) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2021

Fed-batch production of vanillin by Bacillus aryabhattai BA03

Bacillus aryabhattai BA03, a strain isolated in our laboratory, has interesting properties related to the production of natural aromas and flavors. Specifically, we have found that it was able to produce vanillin from ferulic acid (FA). Furthermore, this strain produces high amounts of 4-vinylguaiacol in only 14 h, this being the only intermediate metabolite observed in the process. FA is an inexpensive feedstock for the production of natural value-added compounds when extracted from lignocellulosic wastes. In this study, we optimized the operational conditions (temperature, pH and agitation), medium composition and bioconversion technology (batch or fed-batch) to produce vanillin. In a fed-batch process conducted with just one additional supplementation after 24 h, the maximal concentration of vanillin (147.1 ± 0.9 mg/L) was observed after 216 h (QV = 0.681 mg/L h; YV/fFA = 0.082 mg/mg) after degrading 90.3% FA. In view of our data, we postulate that Bacillus aryabhattai BA03 carries out a decarboxylation of ferulic acid as a metabolic pathwayMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CTQ2015-71436-C2-1-RCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasil | Ref. 88881.062223/2014-0

Production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by Bifidobacterium lactis using whey as a substrate

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in whey supplemented with yeast extract, inulin, Tween 80 or L-cysteine. Cell growth, acidification, glucose and lactose consumption as well as BLIS production were measured during fermentations carried out in shake flasks. The best additive for both cell growth and BLIS production was shown to be yeast extract, which gave the highest concentrations of biomass (9.9 log CFU/mL) and BLIS (800 AU/mL). In a bench-scale fermenter, B. lactis growth and BLIS production were between 6 and 25 % higher than in flasks depending on the conditions assayed

Expectations Of Orthodontic Treatment In Adults: The Conduct In Orthodontist/patient Relationship.

The high demand for orthodontic treatment, evidenced over the last few decades, has been justified mainly by the greater importance given to facial esthetics, influencing individual's self esteem. However, the professional frequently does not meet all the patient's expectations, for not establishing good communication and not knowing about the critical points during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate patients' desires and doubts regarding orthodontic treatment, by means of a survey applied to 60 adult patients. The analysis of results revealed that most individuals (38.3%) noticed treatment success after its conclusion. Occlusion deviation was pointed out by 66.7% as the main reason for seeking treatment, and esthetics ranked as second (with 48.3%). Treatment time was considered within the prediction by 46.7% of the interviewees and the results were judged as very good by 43.3%. The social relations of most participants were not affected by treatment (73.3%). Also, 58.3% of the interviewees reported pain as the main complaint and 53.3% found it difficult to use dental floss. Most participants saw the orthodontist as a professional who was concerned about their health (76.7%), and believed that he/she was more able to treat them (96.6%) when compared with the general practitioner. The orthodontist/patient relationship enables an understanding of the expectations regarding orthodontic treatment, resulting in greater motivation and cooperation, leading to a successful outcome.1888-9

Deconstructing sugarcane bagasse lignocellulose by acid-based deep eutectic solvents to enhance enzymatic digestibility

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGBiorefinery with deep eutectic solvent (DES) is an emerging processing technology to overcome the shortcomings of conventional biomass pretreatments. This work evaluates the biorefinery of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) with DES formulated with choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor and three hydrogen bond donors: lactic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid. Acetic acid showed unique ionic properties responsible for the selective removal of lignin and the deconstruction of cellulose to improve the digestibility of up to 97.61 % of glucan and 63.95 % of xylan during enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the structural characteristics of the polysaccharide-rich material (PRM) were analyzed by X-rays, ATR-FTIR, SEM, and enzymatic hydrolysis, and compared with the original material sample, for a comprehensive understanding of biomass deconstruction using different hydrogen bond donors (HBD) as DES pretreatment.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2020-115879RB-I00São Paulo​ Research Foundation | Ref. 2018/25511-1São Paulo​ Research Foundation | Ref. 2021/15138-4National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq | Ref. 312923/2020-1National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq | Ref. 408783/2021-4Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GPC-ED431B 2021/2

Detoxification of chestnut burrs hydrolyzates to produce biomolecules

Activated charcoal was proposed to detoxify the streams rich in carbohydrates generated after the acid hydrolysis of chestnut (Castanea sativa) burrs. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were evaluated under different ratios of adsorbent/adsorbate (0.25–5.0% w/v). Results showed that Langmuir equations fitted better the equilibrium sorption than the Freundlich isotherm, while pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics explained the reaction mechanism most effectively. An exothermic and non-spontaneous adsorption process was defined by negative enthalpies and positive free energies; meanwhile negative entropies showed the affinity of phenolic compounds for the adsorbent. Mid temperatures (30 °C) and higher amounts of charcoal (5.0 % (w/v)) stimulated the adsorption process, with a higher percentage of phenolic compounds removal (95.50 ± 0.03%). Lactobacillus plantarum CECT-221 was unable to consume raw hydrolyzates; however, it was capable to produce bacteriocins with antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes CECT-934, cell-bond biosurfactants and lactic acid on detoxified hydrolyzates in biotechnology processes carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks and 2 L stirred tank bioreactorsXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B 2018/073Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2018/54-GP

Enhancing the biorefinery of chestnut burrs. Part I. Study of the pretreatment with choline chloride urea diluted deep eutectic solvent

Chestnut burrs (CB) are agro-industrial wastes produced in large amounts during chestnut processing. Despite their high value composition, this type of biomass has been scarcely studied, becoming an important material to be valorized. In this work, a green technology based on the use of diluted choline chloride urea (ChCl:U) deep eutectic solvent (DES) was postulated to deconstruct the lignocellulosic structure. The pretreatment was evaluated using untreated CB and CB previously processed (washed CB or the solid residue obtained after prehydrolysis). Following a biorefinery concept, the samples obtained in this work will be further enzymatically hydrolyzed in Part II to reach fermentable sugars-containing solutions. Several operational parameters such as time (4, 8 and 16 h), temperature (60, 80, 100 and 120 °C), and liquid-solid ratio (LSR) (10:1, 15:1 and 20:1) were studied to improve CB deconstruction. Physicochemical transformations were investigated by ATR-FTIR and SEM analysis. The best delignification rate (∼40%) was achieved applying the DES pretreatment in untreated CB at 100 °C for 16 h and 20:1 (w/w) LSR, being corroborated by physicochemical changes observed by FTIR and SEM.AEs.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020-115879RB-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2021/23Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Biorefinery of brewery spent grain by solid-state fermentation and ionic liquids

Novel environmentally friendly pretreatments have been developed in recent years to improve biomass fractionation. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with ionic liquids show low environmental impact and can be used in biorefinery of biomass. In this work, these processes were assessed with brewery spent grain (BSG). First, BSG was used as a substrate to produce cellulases and xylanases by SSF with the fungi Aspergillus brasiliensis CECT 2700 and Trichoderma reesei CECT 2414. Then, BSG was pretreated with the ionic liquid [N1112OH][Gly] and hydrolyzed with the crude enzymatic extracts. Results showed that SSF of BSG with A. brasiliensis achieved the highest enzyme production; meanwhile, the pretreatment with ionic liquids allowed glucan and xylan fractions to increase and reduce the lignin content. In addition, a mixture of the extracts from both fungi in a ratio of 2.5:0.5 Aspergillus/Trichoderma (v/v) efficiently hydrolyzed the BSG previously treated with the ionic liquid [N1112OH][Gly], reaching saccharification percentages of 80.68%, 54.29%, and 19.58% for glucan, xylan, and arabinan, respectively. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the BSG biorefinery process developed in this work is an effective way to obtain fermentable sugar-containing solutions, which can be used to produce value-added products.São Paulo Research Foundation | Ref. 2018/25511-1São Paulo Research Foundation | Ref. 2021/15138-4National Council for Scientific and Technological Development | Ref. 408783/2021-4National Council for Scientific and Technological Development | Ref. 312923/2020-1Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GPC-ED431B 2021/23Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2020-115879RB-I0