Foliar absorption and root translocation of nitrogen from different chemical forms in seedlings of two Mediterranean trees.

Along with root uptake, plants can also absorb N through leaves. There are few comparative studieson the foliar absorption of N from different chemical forms of N in forest tree species. We comparedthe foliar N absorption capacity in seedlings of two forest trees widespread in the Mediterranean basin,Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis. Plants were sprayed with the following individual N forms at 40 mMN:15N-nitrate (NO3−),15N-ammonium (NH4+),15N-urea or13C and15N dual-labeled glycine. Cuticularconductance was used as a surrogate of cuticle permeability to water. Q. ilex had higher N foliar absorp-tion than P. hapelensis. Neither cuticular conductance nor shoot surface area explained N differences inabsorption rate between species, which were instead likely linked to differences in stomatal density andpresence of trichomes. In both species, foliar N absorption rate and N recovery differed among N forms:urea > NH4+≥ glycine ≥ NO3−. Differences in N absorption rate among N forms were correlated with theirphysico-chemical properties. The strong positive relationship between15N and13C uptake together withdetection in shoots of intact dual-labeled glycine (measured by gas chromatography&#-mass spectrome-try), indicated that a significant fraction of glycine was absorbed intact by the seedlings. In both species,higher cuticular conductance was related to faster N absorption from all forms except NO3&;8722#. Cuticularconductance had a stronger effect on N absorption from urea and NH4+than N absorption from glycine,and the effects were more intense in Q. ilex than in P. halepensis.Comunidad de MadridAustralian Research Counci

Root uptake of inorganic and organic N chemical forms in two coexisting Mediterranean forest trees

Background and aims Plants differ in their ability to usedifferent nitrogen (N) chemical forms, these differencescan be related to their ecology and drive communitystructure. The capacity to uptake intact organic N hasbeen observed in plants of several ecosystems. However,soil organic N uptake by Mediterranean plants is unknowndespite organic N being abundant inMediterranean ecosystems. We compare the uptake ofdifferent N forms in two widespread coexistingMediterranean forest trees with contrasting ecophysiologicalcharacteristics: Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis.Methods To estimate root uptake rate of eachN form weused equimolar solutions (1 mM N) of 15NO3-, 15NH4+ and 15N-13C glycine.Results NH4+ and glycine were taken up at a similarrate, but faster than NO3− in both species. Intact duallabeled glycine was found in both species, demonstratingthat both species can absorb intact organic N. Conclusions: Despite their ecological differences, both species had similar preference for N forms suggesting no niche complementarity for N uptake. The higher preference for NH4 + and glycine over NO3 - possibly reflects adaptation to the differing proportions of N forms in Mediterranean soils.Ministerio de Educación y CienciaMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadComunidad de Madri

Nitrogen form and concentration interact to affect the performance of two ecologically distinct Mediterranean forest trees

Most studies examining inorganic N formeffects on growth and nutrition of forest trees have beenconducted on single species from boreal or temperateenvironments, while comparative studies with species fromother biomes are scarce. We evaluated the response of twoMediterranean trees of contrasting ecology, Quercus ilex L.and Pinus halepensis Mill., to cultivation with distinctinorganic N forms. Seedlings were fertilized with differentNH4?/NO3- proportion at either 1 or 10 mM N. In bothspecies, N forms had small effects at low N concentration,but at high N concentration they markedly affected theplant performance. A greater proportion of NH4? in thefertilizer at high N caused toxicity as it reduced growth andcaused seedling death, with the effect being greater in Q.ilex than in P. halepensis. An increase in the proportion ofNO3- at high N strongly enhanced growth relative to lowN plants in P. halepensis but had minor effects in Q. ilex.Relatively more NH4? in the fertilizer enhanced plant Pconcentration but reduced K concentration in both species,while the opposite effect occurred with NO3-, and these effects were enhanced under high N concentration. We conclude that species responses to inorganic N forms were related to their ecology. P. halepensis, a pioneer tree, had improved performance with NO3 - at high N concentration and showed strong plasticity to changes in N supply. Q. ilex, a late successional tree, had low responsiveness to N form or concentration.Ministerio de Educación y CulturaMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónComunidad de Madri

Elaboración de recursos docentes para la enseñanza presencial y semipresencial en el área de la Ingeniería Química empleando Jupyter Notebook

El objetivo principal de este proyecto es la elaboración de recursos docentes, para estudiantes y profesores, dentro del área de la Ingeniería Química, utilizando el software libre Jupyter Notebook, empleado bajo el lenguaje de programación Python

Desarrollo de recursos didácticos adaptados para la Generación Z en el ámbito de la Ingeniería Química

En este Proyecto Innova-docencia se van a elaborar una serie de recursos didácticos que sirvan de apoyo a la docencia presencial y virtual de asignaturas del área de la Ingeniería Química a nivel de Grado y de Máster enfocados a la Generación Z

El papel del nitrógeno orgánico en el desarrollo de mecanismos de resistencia a estrés en especies del género Pinus: resultados preliminares

Plants can use a wide range of nitrogen (N) sources, both inorganic N (nitrate or ammonium) and organic N (amino acids and proteins). The low metabolic cost of organic N compared to inorganic N would allow plants to enhance growth and tolerance to abiotic stress factors. Nevertheless, the use of organic N as source of nitrogen fertilization has been rarely studied in nursery tree species. Furthermore, the function of organic N on improves stress resistance has been barely addressed. We evaluated the effect of fertilization with amino acids compared to that of inorganic N on the growth and tolerance to drought or frost in Pinus spp. seedlings. Organic N was as effective as both inorganic N forms, ammonium and nitrate, in promoting seedling growth. Before drought induction treatments, none of the studied variables of drought potential tolerance were affected by N forms. However, after drought induction treatments, seedlings fertilized with organic N increased the concentration of proline more than inorganic N forms, mainly at the severe drought level. While frost hardening was slightly delayed by organic N in winter, in mid-winter seedlings fertilized with organic N showed higher frost tolerance than inorganic N fertilized seedlings. Thus, organic N can be a suitable N source in nursery fertilization programs as it increases plant resistance to both drought and frost without negative effects on plant morphology.Las plantas pueden usar múltiples fuentes de nitrógeno (N), tanto inorgánicas como orgánicas (aminoácidos intactos o proteínas). El bajo coste metabólico del N orgánico podría redundar en un mayor crecimiento o en aumento de tolerancia a factores de estrés, lo que favorecería el éxito de las plantaciones. Sin embargo, su uso de N orgánico en fertilización apenas se ha estudiado y menos el rol que juega en promover resistencia a factores de estrés abiótico en las plantas. Se estudió el efecto de la fertilización con aminoácidos, como fuente de N, sobre el crecimiento y resistencia a estrés por sequía o frío en plantas del género Pinus, ya que son las especies más frecuentemente utilizadas en proyectos de restauración. Los resultados mostraron que el N orgánico fue tan eficiente como las fuentes inorgánicas promoviendo el crecimiento y estado nutricional de las plantas. Si bien a priori, en ausencia de aclimatación, el N orgánico no indicó grandes ventajas en tolerancia a sequía, tras un periodo de aclimatación, en plantas fertilizadas con N orgánico se optimizó la concentración de prolina y pigmentos fotosintéticos. Además, aunque el endurecimiento a frio fue un poco más tardío en las plantas fertilizadas con N orgánico, presentaron mayor y más prolongada tolerancia a heladas en el invierno. Los resultados indican que el N orgánico puede ser usado como una alternativa viable en programas fertilización de los viveros forestales, optimizando las características de resistencia en las plantas sin afectar su calidad morfológica

Integración vertical de un proyecto de diseño en el Grado en Ingeniería Química

Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFALSEsubmitte