ExoMol molecular line lists - XVI: The rotation-vibration spectrum of hot H2_2S

This work presents the AYT2 line list: a comprehensive list of 114 million $^{1}$H$_2$$^{32}$S vibration-rotation transitions computed using an empirically-adjusted potential energy surface and an {\it ab initio} dipole moment surface. The line list gives complete coverage up to 11000 \cm\ (wavelengths longer than 0.91 $\mu$m) for temperatures up to 2000 K. Room temperature spectra can be simulated up to 20000 \cm\ (0.5 $\mu$m) but the predictions at visible wavelengths are less reliable. AYT2 is made available in electronic form as supplementary data to this article and at \url{www.exomol.com}.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 10 table

Aspect and tense attrition in Russian-German bilingual speakers

Purpose: The impact of second language (L2) on first language (L1), known as L2 transfer, has been suggested as a fundamental driving force of L1 attrition. The goal of this study was to test the differential attrition of verb aspect and tense in L1 (Russian) under the influence of L2 (German) grammatical properties. We also investigated whether the age of bilingualism onset and the amount of exposure to L1 modulate this L2 transfer effect. Methodology: We tested sentence processing in 30 adult Russian monolingual participants and 30 L1 attritors - Russian-German bilingual speakers - with early versus late bilingualism onset and with low versus high amounts of exposure to L1. Participants heard grammatically correct sentences, sentences with aspect violations and sentences with tense violations, and were asked to detect errors. Data and Analysis: The accuracy of participants' responses was analysed using generalized linear mixed-effects modelling in R. Findings: The L2 transfer effect was found, but was strongly modulated by the amount of L1 exposure: only bilinguals with little exposure to L1 showed greater attrition of L1 aspect compared to L1 tense. Moreover, the age of bilingualism onset proved to be more critical than the L2 transfer effect: an earlier bilingualism onset resulted in greater attrition of both aspect and tense in L1. Originality: The study provided new evidence about the differential impact of the grammatical similarity between L1 and L2, the age of bilingualism onset and the amount of L1 exposure on aspect and tense processing in L1

Решение проблем оцифровки библиотечного фонда: опыт Научной библиотеки Дальневосточного федерального университета

The experience of the E-library Department of the Far Eastern Federal University Scientific Library in digitizing the library collections is examined. The technological problems are discussed. The choice of TIFF graphic format for scanning and the PDF – for storing user copies is substantiated. Free license program IrfanView, a graph editor with a scanning embedded function which speeds up and smoothens the process, is suggested as an alternative scanner software. To ease and speed up the labor-intensive process of graphic images editing to supplement standard software, the author suggests to use FastStone Image Viewer, a free license program. The FastStone Image Viewer offers the useful function of edited graphic images batch processing, in particular conversion to PDF with simultaneous document compression which saves the digital depository storage volume. The suggested alternative programs, online resources, and methods to eliminate scanning defects, as described by the author, would significantly lighten the work of digitization specialist.Рассмотрен опыт Отдела электронной библиотеки Научной библиотеки Дальневосточного федерального университета  по оцифровке библиотечного фонда. Затронуты технические проблемы, возникающие в процессе оцифровки документов специалистами. Обоснован выбор графического формата TIFF в качестве основного для сканирования и PDF – основного для хранения пользовательской копии. Как альтернатива программному обеспечению сканера предложена бесплатная лицензионная программа IrfanView – графический редактор со встроенной функцией сканирования, что облегчает и ускоряет процесс. Для упрощения трудоёмкого процесса редактирования графических образов дополнительно к стандартным программам предложено использовать бесплатную лицензионную программу FastStone Image Viewer, которая также является графическим редактором. В программе FastStone Image Viewer имеются удобные функции пакетной обработки отредактированных графических образов, в частности преобразование в PDF с одновременным уменьшением веса конечного документа, что экономит объём электронного хранилища. Применение предложенных альтернативных программ, онлайн-ресурсов, а также способов, позволяющих устранять дефекты сканирования и избежать дефекты сканирования, значительно облегчает работу специалиста по оцифровке.

Особливості комплексного маркетингову підходу в менеджменті туристичної індустрії

Introduction. The tourist industry is a priority in the strategic development of a region. The main problems of research in the field of marketing tourism services are the essence and role of marketing in the development of the tourism industry, including the process of marketing management, types of strategies and marketing plans. The purpose of marketing tourism services is to attract as many customers as possible to the business entities, while providing them with the highest quality of service and guaranteeing their full satisfaction as part of the basic and expanded product. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this article is to study specifics and the complex nature of marketing in the tourism industry. Results. In the modern period of functioning of the economy, the service industry is developing very dynamically. In connection with this, the specificity of marketing used in travel services is also changing. The article analyzes the models of state regulation of the tourism industry. World practice separates the four models of state regulation of tourism industry. Eligible for the development of the tourist industry of Ukraine is the third "European" and fourth "Mixed" model, based on solid cooperation between the state and private business, i.e. the presence of central executive authority, recognition tourism is a priority area for the country. It is proved that the main positive point in introducing these models is that the State acts as the coordinator for the development of the tourism industry. The essence and features of the concept of "tourist demand" and "tourist offer" are also analyzed. Established in the tourist marketing system of continuous coordination of services in the marketing process with those that are in demand in the market, and which are planned to be introduced to the market with greater profits than competitors do. Conclusions. After analyzing the current concepts of marketing in tourism, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to consider them through the concept of marketing interaction, that is, when using social and communication techniques to enhance marketing activities in tourism. Having reviewed the model of state regulation of tourism development, it was noted that it is European model of state participation in the development of the tourism industry is acceptable for Ukraine. It would be wise to develop a model tourism management in Ukraine and its regions that will meet the peculiarities of country and will make it possible to work effectively at this stage of development of tourism in Ukraine. With regard to public relations tools as a general form of promotion of travel services, they are quite popular among tourists. However, the state needs to pay special attention to the development of recreational areas, and other areas of tourism in Ukraine.Проблема. Туристична індустрія є пріоритетною у питанні стратегічного розвитку регіону. Основними проблемами досліджень у сфері послуг маркетингового туризму є сутність і роль маркетингу в розвитку туристичної галузі, в тому числі, процес управління маркетингом, види стратегій та маркетингові плани. Метою маркетингових послуг туризму є залучення суб'єктами господарювання як можна більше клієнтів, в той час надаючи їм найвищу якість обслуговування та гарантуючи повне задоволення їх потреб, як частини базового та розширеного продукту. Мета і завдання. Метою статті є дослідження специфіки та комплексного характеру маркетингу в туристичній галузі. Результати. У сучасний період функціонування економіки індустрія послуг розвивається дуже динамічно. У зв’язку з цим змінюється також специфіка маркетингу, що використовується в туристичних сервісах. Проведено аналіз моделей державного регулювання розвитку туристичної галузі. Світова практика відокремлює чотири моделі державного регулювання розвитку туристичної галузі. Прийнятними для розвитку туристичної галузі України є моделі, які ґрунтуються на щільній взаємодії держави і приватного бізнесу, тобто наявності централізованого органу виконавчої влади, визнання туризму пріоритетною сферою для країни із координацією з боку держави у розвитку індустрії туризму. Проаналізовано сутність та особливості поняття «туристичного попиту» та «туристичної пропозиції». Визначено в туристичному маркетингу систему безперервного узгодження послуг в процесі маркетингової діяльності з тими, які користуються попитом на ринку, і які планується виводити на ринок з більшим прибутком, ніж це роблять конкуренти. Висновки. Проаналізувавши сучасні поняття маркетингу в туризмі ми дійшли до висновку, що необхідно розглядати їх через концепцію маркетингу взаємодії, тобто під час використання соціальних та комунікаційних прийомів для підвищення маркетингової діяльності в туризмі. Розглянувши існуючі моделі державного регулювання розвитку туристичної діяльності, відзначено, що саме Європейська модель участі держави у розвитку індустрії туризму є прийнятною для України. Доцільно розробити модель управління туризмом в Україні та її регіонах, яка буде відповідати особливостям держави та дасть змогу ефективно працювати на даному етапі розвитку галузі туризму в Україні. Що стосується інструментів взаємодії із громадськістю як загальної форми просування туристичних послуг, вони є досить популярними серед мешканців туристичних напрямків. Проте державі потрібно звернути особливу увагу на розвиток рекреаційних зон, та інших напрямків туризму на Україні

The use of ultrasound for obtaining pharmaceutical grade sodium chloride

The use of ultrasound (US) in the preparation of pharmaceutical grade (PG) sodium chloride by the sampling of final product from a vacuum evaporator during the process of obtaining the “Extra” class table salt at the crystallization stage of the sodium chloride has been investigated. The US had been used: 1) for the content control of the base matter – sodium chloride in the stock – natural brine (sonoluminescent spectroscopy method). It is necessary to create the appropriate crystallization conditions by the control of the vacuum evaporator parameters – temperature and pressure; 2) at the crystallization stage of the sodium chloride to reduce the co-crystallization between the sodium chloride and the sulfate ions. It has been shown that the use of US allows reducing the sulfate ions content in the final product and getting sodium chloride PG satisfying the requirements of pharmacopoeia standard (PS) 42-2572-88

Formation of Future Teachers’ Skills to Create and Use Visual Models of Knowledge

The article proposes a solution of the problem of formation of future teachers' skills to create and use visual models of knowledge in professional activities. It is substantiated that modern students, as representatives of the generation Z, have the majority of visual-oriented perceptions. Modelling of special future teachers’ preparation for the creating of visual models of knowledge is made. The content of the special course, aimed at forming the future teachers’ ability to create and use visual models of knowledge, is described. The pedagogical experiment included two areas of research: the study of the dynamics of the readiness and the formation of skills to create and use visual models of knowledge. Statistical methods confirmed the effectiveness of the author's special course at the significant level of 0.05

Marvel analysis of the measured high-resolution rovibrational spectra of H2S

44325 measured and assigned transitions of H$_2^{32}$S, the parent isotopologue of the hydrogen sulfide molecule, are collated from 33 publications into a single database and reviewed critically. Based on this information, rotation-vibration energy levels are determined for the ground electronic state using the Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels (MARVEL) technique. The ortho and para principal components of the measured spectroscopic network of H$_2^{32}$S are considered separately. The verified set of 25293 ortho- and 18778 para- H$_2^{32}$S transitions determine 3969 ortho and 3467 para energy levels. The Marvel results are compared with alternative data compilations, including a theoretical variational linelist.Comment: 39 pages, 3 figures, JQSRT, 201

Orally Administered Activated Charcoal as a Medical Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rats

Activated charcoal (AC) can be taken orally as enterosorbent for treatment of pathological states related to exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Synthesized granulated AC with a highly developed active surface (SBET ~2700 m2/g) was used as a medical countermeasure (MCM) to acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rats after total body X-ray irradiation. AC demonstrates positive results in ARS treatment, as expressed in, (i) a decrease in body weight loss, (ii) a protection of bone marrow (BM) cells colony formation capacity, (iii) a reduction of BM chromosomal aberrations and small intestine and spleen tissue damage, (iv) an amelioration of white blood cell count, and (v) a mitigation of superoxide ion generation rate in the liver. AC oral prescription seems to be perspective modality of ARS treatment.This research was funded by H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 project, grant number 734641 acronym NanoMed

The 2020 release of the ExoMol database:Molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres

The ExoMol database (www.exomol.com) provides molecular data for spectroscopic studies of hot atmospheres. While the data is intended for studies of exoplanets and other astronomical bodies, the dataset is widely applicable. The basic form of the database is extensive line lists; these are supplemented with partition functions, state lifetimes, cooling functions, Land\'e g-factors, temperature-dependent cross sections, opacities, pressure broadening parameters, $k$-coefficients and dipoles. This paper presents the latest release of the database which has been expanded to consider 80 molecules and 190 isotopologues totaling over 700 billion transitions. While the spectroscopic data is concentrated at infrared and visible wavelengths, ultraviolet transitions are being increasingly considered in response to requests from observers. The core of the database comes from the ExoMol project which primarily uses theoretical methods, albeit usually fine-tuned to reproduce laboratory spectra, to generate very extensive line lists for studies of hot bodies. The data has recently been supplemented by line lists deriving from direct laboratory observations, albeit usually with the use of ab initio transition intensities. A major push in the new release is towards accurate characterisation of transition frequencies for use in high resolution studies of exoplanets and other bodies

Genome-wide analysis of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene family in Gossypium

Background The majority of commercial cotton varieties planted worldwide are derived from Gossypium hirsutum, which is a naturally occurring allotetraploid produced by interspecific hybridization of A- and D-genome diploid progenitor species. While most cotton species are adapted to warm, semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions, and thus perform well in these geographical areas, cotton seedlings are sensitive to cold temperature, which can significantly reduce crop yields. One of the common biochemical responses of plants to cold temperatures is an increase in omega-3 fatty acids, which protects cellular function by maintaining membrane integrity. The purpose of our study was to identify and characterize the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) gene family in G. hirsutum, with an emphasis on identifying omega-3 FADs involved in cold temperature adaptation. Results Eleven omega-3 FAD genes were identified in G. hirsutum, and characterization of the gene family in extant A and D diploid species (G. herbaceum and G. raimondii, respectively) allowed for unambiguous genome assignment of all homoeologs in tetraploid G. hirsutum. The omega-3 FAD family of cotton includes five distinct genes, two of which encode endoplasmic reticulum-type enzymes (FAD3-1 and FAD3-2) and three that encode chloroplast-type enzymes (FAD7/8-1, FAD7/8-2, and FAD7/8-3). The FAD3-2 gene was duplicated in the A genome progenitor species after the evolutionary split from the D progenitor, but before the interspecific hybridization event that gave rise to modern tetraploid cotton. RNA-seq analysis revealed conserved, gene-specific expression patterns in various organs and cell types and semi-quantitative RT-PCR further revealed that FAD7/8-1 was specifically induced during cold temperature treatment of G. hirsutum seedlings. Conclusions The omega-3 FAD gene family in cotton was characterized at the genome-wide level in three species, showing relatively ancient establishment of the gene family prior to the split of A and D diploid progenitor species. The FAD genes are differentially expressed in various organs and cell types, including fiber, and expression of the FAD7/8-1 gene was induced by cold temperature. Collectively, these data define the genetic and functional genomic properties of this important gene family in cotton and provide a foundation for future efforts to improve cotton abiotic stress tolerance through molecular breeding approaches