Stress resistance in building a career in sports

In the modern world, a person is exposed to various stress-resistant situations that push a person to the emergence of various kinds of stress. The article focuses on the characteristics of the concepts of “stress tolerance”, “stress tolerance in sport”, “career”, “professional career”, “career in sport”: the main features and details. The purpose of the article is to study the psychoemotional state of an athlete; the development and testing of a program of psychological assistance to athletes who find themselves in a stressful situation when building a sports career. The article focuses on the features of psychological assistance to athletes who are in a stressful situation when building a sports career, by means of psychological counseling. The study of the emotional and personal sphere of athletes, the features of psychological assistance to athletes who are in a stressful situation when building a sports career, by means of psychological counseling. The framework, topics of counseling and support when dealing with stress in athletes in the study touched the framework of personal psychology. Let us analyze the results obtained by the method "Scale of rapid diagnosis of the level of neurotization." The presented fact allows us to judge the emerging trend among athletes who fall into the category of people who find themselves in a stressful situation, towards the development of instability of the emotional background. Also, this can often lead to mood recessions and an increased indicator of personal frustration in the event of a failure in competitions and in the usual training process, that is, in everyday life. This fact can tell us about the likelihood of a conflict within their personality. The achieved results can be used in programs of advisory work of a psychologist-consultant with athletes who have experienced stressful situations when building a sports career

Ceramides: focus on obesity

It is generally known that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A pathological increase in the mass of adipose tissue leads to a violation of the control of lipid accumulation at the molecular level, abnormal lipid metabolism with the formation of metabolites, which are critical for the development of these pathologies against the background of obesity. Ceramides are one of these metabolites. Ceramides perform many physiological functions, but under pathological conditions they induce insulin resistance, uncouple cellular respiration and phosphorylation, activate cell apoptosis, and play an important role in the induction of adipose tissue dysfunction. Altering ceramide biosynthesis through dysregulation of key enzymes leads to the formation and accumulation of ceramides, which block insulin signaling and induce adipose tissue inflammation.This review highlights the metabolism of ceramides, the reasons for their ectopic deposition in tissues in obesity, as well as potential intracellular signaling pathways that modulate ceramide activity

Inflammation of adipose tissue. Is there a place for statins to correct adiposopathy?

This review is devoted to the analysis of data on the effect of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzymate-reductase on the endocrine function of adipose tissue in obesity. Violation of metabolism of adipose tissue, as well as the amount of fat, are a a key factor in the pathophysiology of obesity and the development of concomitant diseases. Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-kofermenta reductase (HMG-COA reductase) that catalyze the initial stage of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. Therefore, traditionally, the liver is considered as the main target organ for statins. The results of studies of molecular mechanisms of action of statins on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipokine and inflammatory balance in adipose tissue on the example of isolated adipocytes (in vivo) and in living organism (in vitro) are presented. Effect of statins on the action of insulin, as well as the possibility of developing pathological conditions associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). The proven clinical effects of cholesterol-lowering action of statins, allow new insights and to further explore their possible impact on other links in the development of obesity, and potentially to use them as therapeutic agents for pharmacological correction of obesity and the fight against cardiovascular diseases

Desarrollo de contenidos de capacitación para estudiantes de maestría en el curso "mecatrónica y robótica" en la Universidad

In the conditions of active development of Informatization and technologization of society there is urgent need for specialists carrying out pedagogical activity with the help of mechanical systems and robotics. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of content development for training master students in course "Mechatronics and Robotics" at pedagogical University. On the basis of Federal state educational standard, relevant documentation and necessary methodological support were prepared in higher educational institution. The article presents the process of developing the content of training masters in course "Mechanics and robotics". The development of a new profile of training is based on competence, activity and system approaches taking into account aspects of personal-oriented training and practice focus. On the basis of Federal state educational standard basic educational program, modules of educational programs, test content and methodical support are developed. The article reveals requirements and procedure for the development of theoretical content of training, as well as educational and industrial practices.En las condiciones de desarrollo activo de la informatización y la tecnologización de la sociedad, existe una necesidad urgente de especialistas que realicen actividades pedagógicas con la ayuda de sistemas mecánicos y robótica. El propósito del artículo es identificar las características del desarrollo de contenido para la formación de estudiantes de maestría en el curso "Mecatrónica y robótica" en la Universidad pedagógica. Sobre la base del estándar educativo del estado federal, se preparó la documentación relevante y el apoyo metodológico necesario en la institución de educación superior. El artículo presenta el proceso de desarrollo del contenido de los maestros de formación en el curso "Mecánica y robótica". El desarrollo de un nuevo perfil de capacitación se basa en los enfoques de competencia, actividad y sistema, teniendo en cuenta aspectos de la capacitación orientada al personal y el enfoque práctico. Sobre la base del programa educativo básico del estándar educativo estatal federal, se desarrollan módulos de programas educativos, contenido de pruebas y apoyo metódico. El artículo revela requisitos y procedimientos para el desarrollo del contenido teórico de la capacitación, así como las prácticas educativas e industriales

Advantages and disadvantages of different methods for diagnosis of visceral obesity

This analytical review is devoted to the study of visceral obesity as a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The presented review discusses the evolution of methods for diagnosis of visceral obesity, their advantages and limitation for various ectopic fat depots

Cardiovascular effects of metformin: focus on adipose tissue metabolism

This review is devoted to the analysis of data on the study of the possible effect of metformin on the endocrine function of adipose tissue: the synthesis and secretion of adipocyte hormones – adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and the gastrointestinal system (ghrelin). metformin is a biguanide class of hypoglycemic drugs used as a first-line therapy for the correction of carbohydrate metabolism. Currently, there has been a significant increase in interest in the pleiotropic cardioprotective and antiatherogenic properties of metformin. The molecular mechanisms of action of metformin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue are shown in the example of isolated adipocytes (in vitro) and in a living organism (in vivo). The key enzyme regulation in metformin action is с-AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of this enzyme blocks fatty acid synthesis, activates lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation; inhibits glucose production in the liver, reducing the expression of AMP-stimulated genes of enzymes of gluconeogenesis, increases insulin sensitivity, which ultimately contributes to the reduction of glucose. However, the dose-dependent effects of metformin are not well understood, there is no data on the long-term effects of the drug on the metabolism of adipose tissue, which requires careful attention to the study of this issue. Overall, metformin seems to be a promising drug to combat hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity, and for the prevention of cardiovascular risks associated with these diseases

The structure and content of the achievements portfolio of university students

Introduction of the portfolio into the educational process requires precise regulation, systematization of its structure and content to attract students for filling it. The more students fill in the portfolio, the better becomes the quality of learning process. There were applied analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction for the purpose of studying the subject. The article denotes several definitions of the concept of portfolio. As a result, its essence was determined. The requirements for students have been established to fill it. Based on the “Regulations on the Portfolio of Achievements of Students of Kozma Minin Nizhniy Novgorod State Pedagogical University”, the functions of the portfolio were identified, and their content disclosed. The sections are given that are filled by students as well: educational activities, professional, research, public, cultural and creative, sports. According to our study it is worth to conclude that to improve the quality of education, the portfolio should be based on the principles of continuity, diagnostics, problem orientation, technological traceability criteria, scientific. It should have a clear structure and logical sequence of sections. As we have shown, the portfolio performs many pedagogical functions and has a positive effect on the personality of each student. The result of systematic participation in the compilation of a student's portfolio is developed abilities for self-organization, discipline, responsibility, the identification of strengths and weaknesses, and the elimination of learning gaps.peer-reviewe

Body fat distribution: the answer to the apparent paradox of obesity in cardiology?

Today, despite all the measures taken, cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of temporary invalidization, disability and mortality. Obesity is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and complications from them. However, not all fat depots have the same proinflammatory, paracrine and metabolic activity. Recent studies have shown that the accumulation of visceral fat, and not subcutaneous fat, is associated with an increase in cardiometabolic risk. At the same time, there is evidence that an increase in the area of visceral fat is a protective mechanism against lipotoxicity. The purpose of this review is to discuss current literature data reflecting the characteristics of the visceral, epicardial and perivascular fat depots, and also their association with cardiovascular diseases