La formación y desarrollo de la competencia "gestionar el conocimiento matemático" en los estudiantes de ingeniería a través de un sistema de tareas docentes

La formación de profesionales competentes y comprometidos con el desarrollo social constituye hoy día una misión esencial de la Educación Superior (UNESCO, 1998). La sociedad cubana demanda cada día con más fuerza la formación de profesionales capaces de lograr un desempeño profesional ético y responsable. A través de la utilización de diversos métodos y técnicas de la investigación pedagógica se fundamenta la contradicción que se da entre las nuevas necesidades sociales que exigen la formación de profesionales con competencias relacionadas con la gestión del conocimiento desde el proceso docente educativo de la matemática superior. En el trabajo se muestran las características de un sistema de tareas para favorecer la formación y desarrollo de esta competencia, para los estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería en Informática de la Universidad de Camagüey. La ejemplificación se realiza desde la asignatura Matemática I para ingenieros, en el tema Derivadas de Funciones de una variable

Physicochemical Properties and Pollen Profile of Oak Honeydew and Evergreen Oak Honeydew Honeys from Spain: A Comparative Study

This work investigates the similarities and differences of oak honeydew (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and evergreen honeydew (Quercus ilex L.) honey produced in Spain. For this purpose, the physicochemical characteristics of 17 samples from oak honeydew and 11 samples from evergreen honeydew collected in different geographical regions were analyzed. All the samples accomplished European Union requirements for honey consumption. Both honey types had amber dark color; however, the evergreen oak honey was clearer than oak honey, having higher mean values in a* and b* coordinates of CIELab scale. In general, both honey types exhibited high electrical conductivity, a moderate value of pH, medium to low water content, and high diastase activity. The reducing sugar content was significantly lower and maltose content was significantly higher in evergreen honeydew. In addition, total phenols and total flavonoid contents, the antioxidant activity and the melissopalynological analysis was performed. The oak honeydew honey had a higher abundance of Castanea, Rubus and Erica pollen grains, while the evergreen oak honeydew honey had a higher abundance of Lavandula, Olea europaea or Anthyllis cytisoides. A multivariate analysis using the most representative pollen types and physicochemical components facilitated the differentiation of the honey samples, thus this information can be useful for the honey characterization

El Efecto De La Implantación Temprana En Niños Con Hipoacusia

Hearing loss in pediatric population is a major health concern, taking into account the immediate repercussions on the cognitive, emotional and language development (serious difficulties in communication and language development). Therefore, it is of crucial importance its early diagnosis and implantation. The objective of this study is to know the effect of cochlear implant on the development of oral language in implanted children in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands). In order to carry out this research, the psycholinguistic profiles of children who were implanted between 2011 and 2014 were studied, through the use of two standardized tests, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). As regards the age of implantation, we could observe a significant tendency to use the visual channel in the communication of those children who were implanted at a later age and a tendency to use the auditory channel at an early age of implantation. Children who were implanted at a later age showed a nonfunctional use of the implant and a limited development of their speaking skills

Premature Birth Infants Present Elevated Inflammatory Markers in the Meconium

Introduction: Prematurity, a well-established risk factor for various intestinal diseases in newborns, results in increased morbidity and mortality. However, the intestinal inflammatory status of preterm (PT) infants has been poorly characterized. Here we have broadly described the intestinal and systemic inflammatory status of PT children. Materials and Methods: Meconium and plasma from 39 PT and 32 full term (T) newborns were studied. Fecal calprotectin, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN-E), TNF, IL-17A, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, IL-1β, IL-1α, and E-selectin and the enzymatic activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in meconium were measured. Plasma levels of AP, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor (NGF), proinflammatory cytokines, leptin, adiponectin, PAI-1, and resistin were also determined. Correlations with gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) were studied. Results: Neutrophil derived PMN-E, MPO and calprotectin were increased in the meconium of PT compared to T newborns, while AP was decreased. No significant differences were found in other inflammatory parameters. Considering data from all children, GA and BW showed inverse correlation with neutrophil markers, while AP directly correlated with BW. Plasma levels of IL-1β and NGF were enhanced in PT infants, and were also negatively correlated with BW. PT children additionally showed neutropenia and decreased adiponectin, leptin, haematocrit, and haemoglobin. These parameters (neutrophils, adiponectin, and so forth) were positively correlated with GA and BW, while IL-8, MCP-1, PAI-1, and plasma AP were negatively correlated. PT children showing postnatal morbidity exhibited increased meconium MPO and MIP-1α. Conclusion: PT neonates present a significant elevation of intestinal inflammatory parameters, characterized by the presence of neutrophil markers, associated with mild systemic inflammation.Ministry of Economy and CompetitivityEuropean Commission SAF2017-88457-R AGL2017-85270-R BFU2014-57736-P AGL2014-58883-RJunta de Andalucia CTS235 CTS164University of Granada (Contrato Puente Program-Plan Propio)Ministry of Education [Spain]Instituto de Salud Carlos III European Commissio

Coping, academic engagement and performance in university students

[EN] The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationships between coping (i.e., adaptive or maladaptive), academic engagement dimensions (i.e., vigor, dedication and absorption) and academic performance, as well as the mediating role of academic engagement dimensions in the relationship between coping and academic performance. Data were collected from a sample of 808 undergraduate students at a Spanish University. Participants completed the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) for the measurement of coping strategies and the Work Engagement Student Scale (UWES-SS) for the measurement of academic engagement. Academic performance was evaluated by the grade point average. Results showed that adaptive coping, academic engagement dimensions and academic performance were positively related. Maladaptive coping was negatively related to performance, but there were no significant correlations between maladaptive coping and any academic engagement dimension. Mediation analysis showed that engagement dimensions mediated the relationship between adaptive coping and performance. Adaptive coping increased academic vigor, dedication and absorption and these dimensions improved performance in turn. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the way in which academic engagement mediates between adaptive coping and performance. The theoretical interpretation of the results and the potential applications for intervention are discussedS

Estrategia didáctica para favorecer el desarrollo de la competencia organizar e interpretar el conocimiento matemático en los estudiantes de la carrera Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Camagüey

La estrategia didáctica es uno de los resultados de la investigación que realiza el grupo de matemática educativa de la Universidad de Camagüey. Tiene como objetivo diseñar una estrategia didáctica para favorecer la formación y el desarrollo de la competencia organizar e interpretar el conocimiento matemático en los estudiantes de la carrera Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Camagüey. La misma centra sus resultados científicos fundamentales en un modelo teórico para la formación y desarrollo de la competencia organizar e interpretar el conocimiento matemático. En esta estrategia didáctica para favorecer la formación y el desarrollo de la competencia organizar e interpretar el conocimiento matemático en los estudiantes de la carrera Ingeniería Informática presenta un set de instrumentos e indicadores para evaluar la formación y el desarrollo de la competencia organizar e interpretar el conocimiento matemático. En el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizaron diferentes métodos, y la implementación se realizó en dos grupos de esta facultad con resultados satisfactorios. Con esta investigación se contribuye al Perfeccionamiento de la Educación Superior

Changes in the morphological characteristics of potato plants attributed to seasonal variability

The development of a potato crop differs according to the environmental conditions and growing season of an area. Periods of high temperatures and drought have been frequent in recent years, and this has affected crops worldwide. The effect of meteorological factors on the plant morphology of potato cultivars growing in A Limia was analyzed for three consecutive years. The crop cycle with the highest temperatures and least accumulated rainfall (2016) showed plants with a higher number of leaflets, which were shorter in length. The crop cycle (2014) with a lower temperature and more rainfall had the tallest plants, the highest degree of flowering, fewer pairs of leaflets and the highest length of the floral peduncle. Kennebec and Fontane were the varieties that showed the least variability in morphological characteristics during the seasons analyzed. Considering the meteorological and morphological data, a principal component analysis was carried out, which explained 80.1% of the variance of the data. Spearman rank correlations showed higher significant coefficients between the temperature and foliar characteristics. The leaf size of plants was estimated using a multiple linear regression analysis, which included the mean temperature, explaining 64% of the variability of the data.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. 2014/2020-FEADE

Multivariate statistical approach for the discrimination of honey samples from Galicia (NW Spain) using physicochemical and pollen parameters

Raw honey is a food with a close relation to the territory in which it is produced because of factors such as soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant communities living in the area together. Furthermore, beekeeping management affects the properties of honey. Protected Geographical Indication Miel de Galicia protects the honey produced in Galicia (Northwest Spain). Various types of honeys (362 samples) from this geographical area were analyzed using chemometric techniques. Principal component analysis was favorable to analyzing the physicochemical and pollen variables with the greatest weight in the differentiation of honey. The linear discriminant analysis correctly classified 89.8% of the samples according to the botanical origin using main pollen spectra and physicochemical attributes (moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, diastase content, phenols, flavonoids, and color). Regarding unifloral honey, blackberry, eucalyptus, and heather honeys were correctly grouped, while five chestnut honeys and fourteen samples of honeydew honeys were misclassified. The chestnut and honeydew honeys have similar physicochemical properties and frequently similar pollen spectra profiles complicating the differentiation. Experimental evidence suggests the potential of multivariate statistics in the characterization of honey of the same geographical origin. Therefore, the classification results were good, with electrical conductivity, total phenol content, total flavonoid content and dominant pollens Eucalyptus, Erica, Rubus and Castanea sativa as the variables of higher importance in the differentiation of botanical origin of honeys.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. 2014/2020-FEADER 2018/054

Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Avocado Fruit Residues as Functional Food Ingredients with Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties

In this study, the total phenolic compounds content and profile, the nutritional value, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of avocado peel, seed coat, and seed extracts were characterized. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds with the highest intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The avocado peel extract possessed the highest content of phenolic compounds (309.95 ± 25.33 mMol GA/100 g of extract) and the lowest effective concentration (EC50) against DPPH and ABTS radicals (72.64 ± 10.70 and 181.68 ± 18.47, respectively). On the other hand, the peel and seed coat extracts had the lowest energy densities (226.06 ± 0.06 kcal/100 g and 219.62 ± 0.49 kcal/100 g, respectively). Regarding the antiproliferative activity, the avocado peel extract (180 ± 40 µg/mL) showed the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50), followed by the seed (200 ± 21 µg/mL) and seed coat (340 ± 32 µg/mL) extracts. The IC50 of the extracts induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells at the early and late stages. According to the in-silico analysis, these results could be related to the higher Caco-2 permeability to hydroxysalidroside, salidroside, sakuranetin, and luteolin. Therefore, this study provides new insights regarding the potential use of these extracts as functional ingredients with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and as medicinal agents in diseases related to oxidative stress such as cancer.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER, UE (grants AGL2015-65975-R and RTI2018-094268-B-C21) and by grants from Ministry of Science and Technology (PID2019-104915RB-I00), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/1012), Gobierno de Aragón (B16-20R, Fondos FEDER “otra manera de hacer Europa”), SUDOE (Redvalue, SOE1/PI/E0123)