Early Effects of Treatment Low-Dose Atorvastatin on Markers of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Dyslipidemia is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, attention has been focused on the development of drugs that normalize lipid levels and exert an effect on markers of atherothrombosis, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. Atorvastatin is a drug with not only lipid-lowering potential, but it has multiple non-lipid effects. This study aimed to evaluate atorvastatin effects on lipid, adipokine, IR and inflammatory statuses in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in an in-hospital setting. This study included 90 patients with confirmed ST-segment elevation MI, who were treated with atorvastatin 20 mg/day starting on day 1 of MI, without any dose changes. The comparison group consisted of 89 patients receiving standard anti-anginal and anti-thrombotic therapy. During the hospital stay, both groups showed a reduction in total cholesterol level and free fatty acids and increased concentrations of apolipoprotein A, especially those patients receiving atorvastatin. On day 1 of MI, patients in both groups had elevated levels of leptin by 2.9- to 3.3-fold, but the leptin levels decreased by 40.3% and were significantly lower than in patients not taking statins. The treatment with atorvastatin was associated with a decrease in C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 by 23.1% and 49.2%, respectively, compared with baseline values. In the group of patients on standard therapy, there was a decrease of interleukin-6 by 31.7%. Atorvastatin administered early on during hospitalization to patients with MI contributed to the improvement of lipid, adipokine and pro-inflammatory statuses and decreased IR

Stress resistance in building a career in sports

In the modern world, a person is exposed to various stress-resistant situations that push a person to the emergence of various kinds of stress. The article focuses on the characteristics of the concepts of “stress tolerance”, “stress tolerance in sport”, “career”, “professional career”, “career in sport”: the main features and details. The purpose of the article is to study the psychoemotional state of an athlete; the development and testing of a program of psychological assistance to athletes who find themselves in a stressful situation when building a sports career. The article focuses on the features of psychological assistance to athletes who are in a stressful situation when building a sports career, by means of psychological counseling. The study of the emotional and personal sphere of athletes, the features of psychological assistance to athletes who are in a stressful situation when building a sports career, by means of psychological counseling. The framework, topics of counseling and support when dealing with stress in athletes in the study touched the framework of personal psychology. Let us analyze the results obtained by the method "Scale of rapid diagnosis of the level of neurotization." The presented fact allows us to judge the emerging trend among athletes who fall into the category of people who find themselves in a stressful situation, towards the development of instability of the emotional background. Also, this can often lead to mood recessions and an increased indicator of personal frustration in the event of a failure in competitions and in the usual training process, that is, in everyday life. This fact can tell us about the likelihood of a conflict within their personality. The achieved results can be used in programs of advisory work of a psychologist-consultant with athletes who have experienced stressful situations when building a sports career

Advantages and disadvantages of different methods for diagnosis of visceral obesity

This analytical review is devoted to the study of visceral obesity as a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The presented review discusses the evolution of methods for diagnosis of visceral obesity, their advantages and limitation for various ectopic fat depots

Desarrollo de contenidos de capacitación para estudiantes de maestría en el curso "mecatrónica y robótica" en la Universidad

In the conditions of active development of Informatization and technologization of society there is urgent need for specialists carrying out pedagogical activity with the help of mechanical systems and robotics. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of content development for training master students in course "Mechatronics and Robotics" at pedagogical University. On the basis of Federal state educational standard, relevant documentation and necessary methodological support were prepared in higher educational institution. The article presents the process of developing the content of training masters in course "Mechanics and robotics". The development of a new profile of training is based on competence, activity and system approaches taking into account aspects of personal-oriented training and practice focus. On the basis of Federal state educational standard basic educational program, modules of educational programs, test content and methodical support are developed. The article reveals requirements and procedure for the development of theoretical content of training, as well as educational and industrial practices.En las condiciones de desarrollo activo de la informatización y la tecnologización de la sociedad, existe una necesidad urgente de especialistas que realicen actividades pedagógicas con la ayuda de sistemas mecánicos y robótica. El propósito del artículo es identificar las características del desarrollo de contenido para la formación de estudiantes de maestría en el curso "Mecatrónica y robótica" en la Universidad pedagógica. Sobre la base del estándar educativo del estado federal, se preparó la documentación relevante y el apoyo metodológico necesario en la institución de educación superior. El artículo presenta el proceso de desarrollo del contenido de los maestros de formación en el curso "Mecánica y robótica". El desarrollo de un nuevo perfil de capacitación se basa en los enfoques de competencia, actividad y sistema, teniendo en cuenta aspectos de la capacitación orientada al personal y el enfoque práctico. Sobre la base del programa educativo básico del estándar educativo estatal federal, se desarrollan módulos de programas educativos, contenido de pruebas y apoyo metódico. El artículo revela requisitos y procedimientos para el desarrollo del contenido teórico de la capacitación, así como las prácticas educativas e industriales

Inflammation of adipose tissue. Is there a place for statins to correct adiposopathy?

This review is devoted to the analysis of data on the effect of inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzymate-reductase on the endocrine function of adipose tissue in obesity. Violation of metabolism of adipose tissue, as well as the amount of fat, are a a key factor in the pathophysiology of obesity and the development of concomitant diseases. Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-kofermenta reductase (HMG-COA reductase) that catalyze the initial stage of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. Therefore, traditionally, the liver is considered as the main target organ for statins. The results of studies of molecular mechanisms of action of statins on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipokine and inflammatory balance in adipose tissue on the example of isolated adipocytes (in vivo) and in living organism (in vitro) are presented. Effect of statins on the action of insulin, as well as the possibility of developing pathological conditions associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). The proven clinical effects of cholesterol-lowering action of statins, allow new insights and to further explore their possible impact on other links in the development of obesity, and potentially to use them as therapeutic agents for pharmacological correction of obesity and the fight against cardiovascular diseases

Ceramides: focus on obesity

It is generally known that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A pathological increase in the mass of adipose tissue leads to a violation of the control of lipid accumulation at the molecular level, abnormal lipid metabolism with the formation of metabolites, which are critical for the development of these pathologies against the background of obesity. Ceramides are one of these metabolites. Ceramides perform many physiological functions, but under pathological conditions they induce insulin resistance, uncouple cellular respiration and phosphorylation, activate cell apoptosis, and play an important role in the induction of adipose tissue dysfunction. Altering ceramide biosynthesis through dysregulation of key enzymes leads to the formation and accumulation of ceramides, which block insulin signaling and induce adipose tissue inflammation.This review highlights the metabolism of ceramides, the reasons for their ectopic deposition in tissues in obesity, as well as potential intracellular signaling pathways that modulate ceramide activity

Cardiovascular effects of metformin: focus on adipose tissue metabolism

This review is devoted to the analysis of data on the study of the possible effect of metformin on the endocrine function of adipose tissue: the synthesis and secretion of adipocyte hormones – adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) and the gastrointestinal system (ghrelin). metformin is a biguanide class of hypoglycemic drugs used as a first-line therapy for the correction of carbohydrate metabolism. Currently, there has been a significant increase in interest in the pleiotropic cardioprotective and antiatherogenic properties of metformin. The molecular mechanisms of action of metformin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue are shown in the example of isolated adipocytes (in vitro) and in a living organism (in vivo). The key enzyme regulation in metformin action is с-AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of this enzyme blocks fatty acid synthesis, activates lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation; inhibits glucose production in the liver, reducing the expression of AMP-stimulated genes of enzymes of gluconeogenesis, increases insulin sensitivity, which ultimately contributes to the reduction of glucose. However, the dose-dependent effects of metformin are not well understood, there is no data on the long-term effects of the drug on the metabolism of adipose tissue, which requires careful attention to the study of this issue. Overall, metformin seems to be a promising drug to combat hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity, and for the prevention of cardiovascular risks associated with these diseases

The structure and content of the achievements portfolio of university students

Introduction of the portfolio into the educational process requires precise regulation, systematization of its structure and content to attract students for filling it. The more students fill in the portfolio, the better becomes the quality of learning process. There were applied analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction for the purpose of studying the subject. The article denotes several definitions of the concept of portfolio. As a result, its essence was determined. The requirements for students have been established to fill it. Based on the “Regulations on the Portfolio of Achievements of Students of Kozma Minin Nizhniy Novgorod State Pedagogical University”, the functions of the portfolio were identified, and their content disclosed. The sections are given that are filled by students as well: educational activities, professional, research, public, cultural and creative, sports. According to our study it is worth to conclude that to improve the quality of education, the portfolio should be based on the principles of continuity, diagnostics, problem orientation, technological traceability criteria, scientific. It should have a clear structure and logical sequence of sections. As we have shown, the portfolio performs many pedagogical functions and has a positive effect on the personality of each student. The result of systematic participation in the compilation of a student's portfolio is developed abilities for self-organization, discipline, responsibility, the identification of strengths and weaknesses, and the elimination of learning gaps.peer-reviewe

Method of designing computer education as a means of improving mastering professionally-oriented english by future merchant navy personnel

The purpose of the research is to develop a scientifically based and experimentally proven “STEP 8.0” computer program for training and monitoring testing. To achieve the intended goal, it is necessary to solve the following problems: to analyze theoretical and methodological aspects of the implementation of the intensive method of teaching foreign language to future merchant navy specialists with the prospect of obtaining effectiveness; to verify experimentally the effectiveness of the developed “STEP 8.0” computer program. In solving the tasks, the following research methods have been used: analysis of psychological, pedagogical, methodological and linguistic literature related to information and communication technologies on the research problem; observation of the process of teaching English to future navigators. The result of the research, tested experimentally, can be used by foreign languages teachers of maritime universities