On the Uniqueness of Web Browsing History Patterns

International audienceWe present the results of the first large-scale study of the uniqueness of Web browsing histories, gathered from a total of $368,284$ Internet users who visited a history detection demonstration website. Our results show that for a majority of users ($69\%$), the browsing history is unique and that users for whom we could detect at least $4$ visited websites were uniquely identified by their histories in $97\%$ of cases. We observe a significant rate of stability in browser history fingerprints: for repeat visitors, $38\%$ of fingerprints are identical over time, and differing ones were correlated with original history contents, indicating static browsing preferences (for history subvectors of size $50$). We report a striking result that it is enough to test for a small number of pages in order to both enumerate users' interests and perform an efficient and unique behavioral fingerprint; we show that testing $50$ web pages is enough to fingerprint $42\%$ of users in our database, increasing to $70\%$ with $500$ web pages

Ab initio quantum scattering calculations and a new potential energy surface for the HCl(X1Σ+X^1\Sigma^+)-O2_{2}(X3Σg−X^3\Sigma^-_g) system: collision-induced line-shape parameters for O2_{2}-perturbed R(0) 0-0 line in H35^{35}Cl

The remote sensing of abundance and properties of HCl -- the main atmospheric reservoir of Cl atoms which directly participate in ozone depletion -- are important for monitoring the partitioning of chlorine between "ozone-depleting" and "reservoir" species. Such remote studies require knowledge of the shapes of molecular resonances of HCl, which are perturbed by collisions with the molecules of the surrounding air. In this work, we report the first fully quantum calculations of collisional perturbations of the shape of a pure rotational line in H$^{35}$Cl perturbed by an air-relevant molecule (as the first model system we choose the R(0) line in HCl perturbed by O$_2$). The calculations are performed on our new highly-accurate HCl($X^1\Sigma^+$)-O$_2$($X^3\Sigma^-_g$) potential energy surface. In addition to pressure broadening and shift, we determine also their speed dependencies and the complex Dicke parameter. This gives important input to the community discussion on the physical meaning of the complex Dicke parameter and its relevance for atmospheric spectra (previously, the complex Dicke parameter for such systems was mainly determined from phenomenological fits to experimental spectra and the physical meaning of its value in that context is questionable). We also calculate the temperature dependence of the line-shape parameters and obtain agreement with the available experimental data. We estimate the total combined uncertainties of our calculations at 2% relative RMSE residuals in the simulated line shape at 296~K. This result constitutes an important step towards computational population of spectroscopic databases with accurate ab initio line-shape parameters for molecular systems of terrestrial atmospheric importance.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, The following article has been accepted by The Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jc

The influence of curcumin additives on the viability of probiotic bacteria, antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, and quality indicators of low-fat yogurt

Curcumin is a nutraceutical with unique anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we aimed to examine the advantages of the use of water dispersible and highly bioavailable form of standardized turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.)—NOMICU® L-100 (N) in the formulation of probiotic yogurt in comparison with the standard turmeric extract (TE). The antimicrobial activity of both supplements was studied and compared in the context of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. The N maintains the level of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-2 in yogurt at the recommended level (7–9 log CFU/g) throughout the storage period. NOMICU® L-100 also has a higher inhibitory capacity for the growth of yeast and fungi. The evaluation of quality indicators of yogurt with N and TE at the level of 0.2% proves that yogurt with N has original taste properties. A lower degree of syneresis was noted for yogurt with TE (0.2%), but its sensory properties are unacceptable to the consumer due to the appearance of a bitter taste. In conclusion, based on the obtained results, it has been proven that the use of NOMICU® L-100 (0.2%) in the composition of yogurt provides a product of functional direction with stable quality and safety indicators, which can be stored for at least 28 days

Zarządzanie i handel zagraniczny w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach w warunkach integracji europejskiej: materiały z konferencji

Z przedmowy: "Integracja europejska to proces łączenia, scalania się odrębnych ekonomicznie, społecznie, kulturowo gospodarek europejskich krajów. Proces integracji prowadzi do istotnych przekształceń w sferze gospodarki, strategiach organizacji i funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw, handlu międzynarodowym, działalności marketingowej, strukturach organizacyjnych i mechanizmach ekonomicznych przedsiębiorstw i instytucji działających w krajach integrujących się. Proces integracji to w praktyce proces dostosowywania się struktur gospodarczych; tworzenia związków kooperacyjno-produkcyjnych; powstawania trwałych więzi ekonomicznych między przedsiębiorstwami integrujących się krajów a więc proces kształtowania jednolitego obszaru gospodarczego z odrębnych a często także wzajemnie konkurencyjnych krajów, gospodarek, regionów, gałęzi, branż. Proces międzynarodowej integracji gospodarczej to w dużej mierze proces tworzenia komplementamości przedsiębiorstw i instytucji, komplementamości międzygałęziowej i wewnątrz gałęziowej, w produkcji i wymianie jak też kształtowanie niezbędnej infrastruktury technicznej i ekonomicznej umożliwiającej tworzenie sytemu trwałych powiązań gospodarczych między poszczególnymi krajami."(...

Why johnny can’t browse in peace: On the uniqueness of web browsing history pattern

We present the results of the first large-scale study of the uniqueness of Web browsing histories, gathered from a total of 368, 284 Internet users who visited a history detection demonstration website. Our results show that for a majority of users (69%), the browsing history is unique and that users for whom we could detect at least 4 visited websites were uniquely identified by their histories in 97 % of cases. We observe a significant rate of stability in browser history fingerprints: for repeat visitors, 38% of fingerprints are identical over time, and differing ones were correlated with original history contents, indicating static browsing preferences (for history subvectors of size 50). We report a striking result that it is enough to test for a small number of pages in order to both enumerate users ’ interests and perform an efficient and unique behavioral fingerprint; we show that testing 50 web pages is enough to fingerprint 42 % of users in our database, increasing to 70 % with 500 web pages. Finally, we show that indirect history data, such as information about categories of visited websites can also be effective in fingerprinting users, and that similar fingerprinting can be performed by common script providers such as Google or Facebook.

Influence of the Changes of the Structure of Foundry Bentonites on Their Binding Properties

In this paper, the effects of the examination of the structure of calcium bentonites, activated by sodium carbonate, applied in the foundry industry as a binding agent for moulding sands, subjected to the effects of high temperature, were presented. The examination was conducted with the use of the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray analysis (XRD). In addition, the montmorillonite contents in the bentonite sample was determined with the use of the modern, <br /> Cu(II)-TET complex method and the technological properties of moulding sands containing the examined bentonites, such as: compactability, permeability, compression strength were examined.<p>DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.18.1.1342">http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.18.1.1342</a></p

&beta;-Glucan as a Techno-Functional Ingredient in Dairy and Milk-Based Products&mdash;A Review

The article systematizes information about the sources of &beta;-glucan, its technological functions and practical aspects of its use in dairy and milk-based products. According to the analysis of scientific information, the main characteristics of &beta;-glucan classifications were considered: the source of origin, chemical structure, and methods of obtention. It has been established that the most popular in the food technology of dairy products are &beta;-glucans from oat and barley cereal, which exhibit pronounced technological functions in the composition of dairy products (gel formation, high moisture-binding capacity, increased yield of finished products, formation of texture, and original sensory indicators). The expediency of using &beta;-glucan from yeast and mushrooms as a source of biologically active substances that ensure the functional orientation of the finished product has been revealed. For the first time, information on the use of &beta;-glucan of various origins in the most common groups of dairy and milk-based products has been systematized. The analytical review has scientific and practical significance for scientists and specialists in the field of food production, in particular dairy products of increased nutritional value

Ab Initio Quantum Scattering Calculations and a New Potential Energy Surface for the HCl(X¹Σ+)-O2( X 3 Σ G − ) System: Collision-Induced Line Shape Parameters for O2-Perturbed R(0) 0-0 Line in H35Cl

The Remote Sensing of Abundance and Properties of HCl—the Main Atmospheric Reservoir of Cl Atoms that Directly Participate in Ozone Depletion—is Important for Monitoring the Partitioning of Chlorine between Ozone-Depleting and Reservoir Species. Such Remote Studies Require Knowledge of the Shapes of Molecular Resonances of HCl, Which Are Perturbed by Collisions with the Molecules of the Surrounding Air. in This Work, We Report the First Fully Quantum Calculations of Collisional Perturbations of the Shape of a Pure Rotational Line in H35Cl Perturbed by an Air-Relevant Molecule [As the First Model System We Choose the R(0) Line in HCl Perturbed by O2]. the Calculations Are Performed on Our New Highly Accurate HCl(X1Σ+)-O2( X 3 Σ G − ) Potential Energy Surface. in Addition to Pressure Broadening and Shift, We Also Determine their Speed Dependencies and the Complex Dicke Parameter. This Gives Important Input to the Community Discussion on the Physical Meaning of the Complex Dicke Parameter and its Relevance for Atmospheric Spectra (Previously, the Complex Dicke Parameter for Such Systems Was Mainly Determined from Phenomenological Fits to Experimental Spectra and the Physical Meaning of its Value in that Context is Questionable). We Also Calculate the Temperature Dependence of the Line Shape Parameters and Obtain Agreement with the Available Experimental Data. We Estimate the Total Combined Uncertainties of Our Calculations at 2% Relative Root-Mean-Square Error in the Simulated Line Shape at 296 K. This Result Constitutes an Important Step toward Computational Population of Spectroscopic Databases with Accurate Ab Initio Line Shape Parameters for Molecular Systems of Terrestrial Atmospheric Importance