Himmelstormer og kildekritikker - Om Nietzsche og hans fag

Artiklen afdækker forskellige aspekter vedrørende receptionshistorien af Tragediens fødsel indenfor den klassiske filologi. Nietzsches anti-klassicisme og anti-platonisme beskrives og der fokuseres på værket som et filologisk værk med psykologiske fornyelser. Den aristofaniske komedies afgørende betydning for værket betones, og det eftervises hvorledes Nietzsche - på trods af sin erklærede afsked med filologien - alligevel i religionsfilosofisk, æstetisk og videnskabelig forstand forbliver forpligtet på grækerne og græcistikken

Diabetes in Sub Saharan Africa 1999-2011: Epidemiology and Public Health Implications. A Systematic Review.

Diabetes prevalence is increasing globally, and Sub-Saharan Africa is no exception. With diverse health challenges, health authorities in Sub-Saharan Africa and international donors need robust data on the epidemiology and impact of diabetes in order to plan and prioritise their health programmes. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the epidemiological trends and public health implications of diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a systematic literature review of papers published on diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa 1999-March 2011, providing data on diabetes prevalence, outcomes (chronic complications, infections, and mortality), access to diagnosis and care and economic impact. Type 2 diabetes accounts for well over 90% of diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa, and population prevalence proportions ranged from 1% in rural Uganda to 12% in urban Kenya. Reported type 1 diabetes prevalence was low and ranged from 4 per 100,000 in Mozambique to 12 per 100,000 in Zambia. Gestational diabetes prevalence varied from 0% in Tanzania to 9% in Ethiopia. Proportions of patients with diabetic complications ranged from 7-63% for retinopathy, 27-66% for neuropathy, and 10-83% for microalbuminuria. Diabetes is likely to increase the risk of several important infections in the region, including tuberculosis, pneumonia and sepsis. Meanwhile, antiviral treatment for HIV increases the risk of obesity and insulin resistance. Five-year mortality proportions of patients with diabetes varied from 4-57%. Screening studies identified high proportions (> 40%) with previously undiagnosed diabetes, and low levels of adequate glucose control among previously diagnosed diabetics. Barriers to accessing diagnosis and treatment included a lack of diagnostic tools and glucose monitoring equipment and high cost of diabetes treatment. The total annual cost of diabetes in the region was estimated at US$67.03 billion, or US$8836 per diabetic patient. Diabetes exerts a significant burden in the region, and this is expected to increase. Many diabetic patients face significant challenges accessing diagnosis and treatment, which contributes to the high mortality and prevalence of complications observed. The significant interactions between diabetes and important infectious diseases highlight the need and opportunity for health planners to develop integrated responses to communicable and non-communicable diseases

Grækernes homoseksualitet - Vi er ved at gå til i foucaultisme

In this paper an attempt is made to arrive at a more balanced view of Greek homosexuality. Michel Foucault, in his extremely influential Histoire de la sexualité (1976-1984), depicts the “asymmetric” relationship between a lover (a citizen of, say, 26) and a beloved (a youth of, say, 14) as one of brutal exploitation. The so-called Principle of Isomorphism reigns absolutely here: social inferiority = sexual inferiority. No love, no friendship, no reciprocity. Such is the “love” extolled by Plato and all his idealistic followers. Interpretation of several Greek documents shows this to be unfounded as a universal picture. To demonstrate this is the main purpose of my paper. Any attempt to whitewash Greek homosexuality, this harshly competitive institution, should be resisted, however

The Balance between Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for District Renovations in Denmark

Emissions can be reduced by increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and supply systems or increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy system. Denmark has a long tradition for district heating and today it supplies more than 65% of dwellings, which indicates that a major part of the transition from fossil fuels to renewables can be achieved at the supply system level rather than on the individual building level. This paper presents calculations performed on a generic Danish district undergoing major renovation. The generic district is based on an existing district in Aalborg and consists of 1019 dwellings spread over three different building typologies. The purpose of the investigation was to determine which combination of energy saving measures would achieve the optimal level of energy efficiency. Calculations were made with average data for district heating in Denmark, district heating based on natural gas, and district heating from renewable energy sources, such as solar heating, biofuels, and heat pumps, respectively. The calculations include costs for investment, maintenance, and operating as a function of the primary energy needs. Global warming potential (GWP) was calculated and included CO2 emissions from space heating, domestic hot water, and electricity for operation and household. The calculations show that for the generic Danish district, which is already connected to a district heating network, the optimal solution is to add 200 mm insulation to roofs (in total 300 mm) and 150 mm insulation to walls (in total 200 mm) and replacing the existing windows with new three-layer low energy windows. Furthermore, the calculations show that in a future scenario with a significantly higher level of renewable energy in the energy system, a shift to individual heat pumps can reduce total emissions by up to 1.5 kg CO2 eq/m2 per year (20% reduction) at an additional cost of EUR 8.0/m2 per year (40% increase). The calculations described in this paper are part of a larger investigation carried out in IEA EBC Annex 75