USING EXPERT KNOWLEDGE TO INFORM MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES

This paper outlines methods and reasoning that advocate for the use of expert Coach and Athlete knowledge in support of mutivaraite analyses in Sport Biomechanincs and related disciplines. It argues that human movement research involving the collection of multiple dependent variables suffers similar problems to other areas of behavioural science, in that models proposed for analyses are inadequately constrained by other data and are vulnerable to a-posteori modification that lacks sound theoretical or evidential justification. An approach is presented where expert accounts of how successful movements are performed are captured and analysed qualitatively, in order to present data themes that may be used to identify important events and variables for analyses when quantitatively examining movement. This paper argues for the utility of a specific mixed-methods approach to movement research involving multiple dependent variables

CONSTRAINTS-LED APPROACH TO COACHING THE POWER CLEAN

The purpose of this study was to apply a constraints-led approach to the acquisition of the power clean. Strength and conditioning coaches need to coach complex motor skills, where the common method involves explicit instruction and task decomposition. However, contemporary skill acquisition theory is in conflict with this explicit and reductionist approach. Through three case studies the examination of individualised task constraints were used to allow a self-organization process to skill development to take place. The constraints employed for the all three case studies achieved movement change in the predicted direction. In two of the three cases, the movement changes resulted in performance improvements measured through 1RM. In conclusion, the constraints-led approach was an effective method for changing movement behaviour in the context of strength and conditioning

Sheep Updates 2006 - part 4

This session covers seven papers from different authors: MANAGEMENT 1. Wool and meat traits in Merino flocks in different regions, K.G. Geenty, A.A. Swan, A.J. Smith, J.L. Smith, Sheep CRC and CSIRO Livestock Industries, Armidale 2. Fat score or Condition score? - It all depends on what you want to do! Chris Oldham, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia 3. Sheep worm control - the latest for Western Australia, RG Woodgate, RA Love, E Dobbe, HM Hoult, J Pearson, S Hill, A van Burgel and RB Besier, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia PASTURES 4. Rethinking pasture production - STEPS to greater productivity with perennials, R. Warburton, Farmer, Mobrup, WA, L. Mathwin, Farmer Kojonup WA, D. Rogers, E. Crossley, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia 5. Sheep Returnes from Saltland Pastures, Allan Herbert, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia 6. Pasture legumes and grasses from saline land, Phil Nichols, Tony Albertsen, Darryl McClements, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, & Cooperative Research Centre for Plant-based Management of Dryland Salinity MERINO INNOVATION DAY 7. Towards \u27clean, green and ethical\u27 sheep production, Graeme Martin, Penny Hawken, Carolina Viñoles, Beth Paganoni and Dominique Blache, School of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australi

Postharvest Application of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Activates Salicylic Acid Pathway Genes in Kiwifruit Vines

The plant defence inducer Actigard® (acibenzolar-S-methyl [ASM]) is applied before flowering and after fruit harvest to control bacterial canker in kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Pre-flowering application of ASM is known to upregulate defence gene expression; however, the effect of postharvest ASM on defence gene expression in the vine is unknown. In this study, the expression of eight ”defence marker” genes was measured in the leaves of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, ”Zesy002,” and Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, “Hayward,” vines after postharvest treatment with ASM and/or copper. There were two orchards per cultivar with harvest dates approximately three weeks apart for investigating potential changes in responsiveness to ASM during the harvest period. In all trials, postharvest ASM induced the expression of salicylic-acid-pathway defence genes PR1, PR2, PR5, BAD, DMR6, NIMIN2, and WRKY70. Gene upregulation was the greatest at 1 day and 7 days after treatment and declined to the control level after 3 weeks. In “Zesy002”, the ASM-induced response was greater at the early harvest site than at the late harvest site. This decline was concomitant with leaf yellowing and a reduction in RNA yield. Effects of postharvest ASM on gene expression did not persist into the following spring, nor were vines conditioned to respond more strongly to pre-flowering ASM application

SLC29A3 gene is mutated in pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus syndrome and interacts with the insulin signaling pathway.

Contains fulltext : 81613.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID) syndrome is a recently described autosomal recessive disorder associated with predominantly antibody negative, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In order to identify the genetic basis of PHID and study its relationship with glucose metabolism, we performed homozygosity mapping in five unrelated families followed by candidate gene sequencing. Five loss-of-function mutations were identified in the SLC29A3 gene which encodes a member of a highly conserved protein family that transports nucleosides, nucleobases and nucleoside analogue drugs, hENT3. We show that PHID is allelic with a related syndrome without diabetes mellitus, H syndrome. The interaction of SLC29A3 with insulin signaling pathways was then studied using an established model in Drosophila melanogaster. Ubiquitous knockdown of the Drosophila ortholog of hENT3, dENT1 is lethal under stringent conditions; whereas milder knockdown induced scutellar bristle phenotypes similar to those previously reported in the knockdown of the Drosophila ortholog of the Islet gene. A cellular growth assay showed a reduction of cell size/number which could be rescued or enhanced by manipulation of the Drosophila insulin receptor and its downstream signaling effectors, dPI3K and dAkt. In summary, inactivating mutations in SLC29A3 cause a syndromic form of insulin-dependent diabetes in humans and in Drosophila profoundly affect cell size/number through interactions with the insulin signaling pathway. These data suggest that further investigation of the role of SLC29A3 in glucose metabolism is a priority for diabetes research