Some effects of simultaneous administration of crude aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica leaves and tetracyline on the liver of adults wistar rats

This study was designed to determine the simultaneous effect of Mangifera indica crude aqueous extract and the therapeutic dose of tetracycline on some hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST) and histology of the liver of adult wistar rats. 25 wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Group A was untreated and served as control group, group B was treated with only 2mL of mango leaves decoction, group C was treated with only 5.4mg/kg of tetracycline, group D was treated with 1mL of mango leaves decoction and 4.8mg/kg of tetracycline and group E was treated with 3mL of mango leaves decoction and 7.7mg/kg of tetracycline simultaneously. The administration period lasted for only 14 days which was given gavagely and the rats were sacrificed on the 15th day by cervical dislocation. The liver was removed, fixed in 10% formal saline and stained in H and E. The transaminase enzymes (the AST and ALT) were measured to determine possible changes in their hepatic leaves. The result shows that the crude aqueous extract of mango levels has adverse effect on the morphology and some hepatic enzyme (ALT and AST) of the liver (such as enlargement of the central vein, reduction in the size of sinusoids), the therapeutic dose of the tetracycline have no detrimental effect on the morphology and the hepatic enzymes of the liver. In conclusion, the extract of mango leaves decoction has adverse effect on the liver histology and the therapeutic dosage of tetracycline has no adverse effect on the histology of the liver.Keywords: Mango leaves, Tetracycline, Liver histology, Liver enzymes (AST and ALT

A Review: Evolution of 5G, Security and Multiple Access schemes in Mobile Communication

5G wireless communication is a next generation technology that is set to beat 4G LTE and provide maximum internet speed (Gbps) and high base station capacity. The need for 5G is due to the multiplying increase of smart phones and instantaneous data, introduction of fresh evolving multimedia applications. Security has also been and will be a vital issue in mobile communication systems, especially in key production processes and mobile users’ authentication. In this paper, I intend to make a review of the evolution of wireless communication towards 5G networks alongside key production solutions and authentications and also discuss the different types of multiple access schemes and comparisons used in mobile communication

Knowledge, attitude and practice of prophylactic mastectomy among patients and relations attending a surgical outpatient clinic

Introduction: Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) is uncommon in our practice. This study documents the knowledge and attitude of patients and relation to prophylactic mastectomy. Methods: Adults attending surgical outpatient unit were interviewed. Biodata, awareness of breast cancer, and attitude towards prophylactic mastectomy were inquired about and documented. Results: Two hundred and forty eight (99 men and 149 women) were involved. Most, 75.6%, were age bracket 20-29years and 77.2% had tertiary education. Only 26 (10.4%) of the respondents had previous history of breast diseases. 96.4% were aware of cancer of the breast while 113 (45.2%) of them were aware that breast cancer gene can be inherited from parents and 60 (24.2%) believe cancer of the breast can affect women with strong positive family history. Only 64 (25.6%) of them would agree to prophylactic mastectomy if found necessary. Reasons given for possible refusal to consent to PM include effect on beauty, (40%), psychological effect, (22.8%), non-curing of disease, (18%), possible surgical complications, (7.2%), and financial cost, (1.2%). Presence of unilateral breast cancer and high risk status constituted about 71% of suggested possible indications for PM while presence of any breast disease was suggested by only 7.3% of respondents. The profession or education of respondents did not have significance on their acceptance or rejection of PM. Conclusion: Awareness of prophylactic mastectomy is low among patients in this study. Education about breast cancer and methods of prevention need to be improved.Pan African Medical Journal 2012; 13:2

Health and Sanitation Condition in Selected Traditional Markets in South-West Nigeria

This study examined health and sanitation condition Practices among Traders of across market in Akure Ondo state of Nigeria Descriptive survey design was used for the study in collecting and analyzing data In all 205 questionnaire were administered using random sampling methods The result of the findings found that 49 3 of respondents rush to defecate in the gutter and open drainage 51 7 of respondents non-usage of an available public toilet due to unclean condition The study further found that 48 8 of toilet were been managed by the market management facility are fairly inadequate 90 8 However the study concludes on the need to improve waste collection storage and disposal at the market place to reduce the potential of spread of infectious diseases and environmental degradation and called on the local government to take steps in promoting community participation in sanitation services particularly at the market places since it is their bond constitutionall

A Review: The Past, Present and Future of Radio Frequency Spectrum in Nigeria, Canada, United Kingdom, Ghana

Since the time of inception of cellular analogue telephony in 1985, there has been an unending improvement taking shape from the first generation to the second generation and now the fifth generation. The cellular mobile concept has been a major transformer of the human existence from the time of Stone Age to the Bronze Age. But this cellular mobile concept needed a system that would enable its technology to be readily accessible, the radio frequency spectrum. With the advancement in the wireless communication, the need for proper sharing of the RF spectrum became an issue since it is limited. The possibility of being able to share this spectrum to house all the forms of wireless communication ranging from mobile telephony, radio and TV broadcasting, broadband links etc. become a top issue in the research work. With this paper, we tend to study the past, the present and the future work done towards achieving a better radio frequency spectrum usage and make some recommendations for future growt

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF TOBACCO WORKERS

The aim of this research was to establish the relationship between some anthropometric measurements and peak expiratory flow rate of tobacco factory workers. Eighty permanent workers who had been employed for at least three years with no history of cardiovascular disease were involved with the study. The measured anthropometric data (chest width and depth, height and weight) were analyzed using SPSS (V 16.0) to develop predictive models for PEFR of tobacco factory workers. It was concluded that the developed models could determine the PEFR of workers in a tobacco manufacturing company

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF TOBACCO WORKERS

The aim of this research was to establish the relationship between some anthropometric measurements and peak expiratory flow rate of tobacco factory workers. Eighty permanent workers who had been employed for at least three years with no history of cardiovascular disease were involved with the study. The measured anthropometric data (chest width and depth, height and weight) were analyzed using SPSS (V 16.0) to develop predictive models for PEFR of tobacco factory workers. It was concluded that the developed models could determine the PEFR of workers in a tobacco manufacturing company

2k Factorial Experiments on Factors that Influence the Recovery of Gold during the Upgrade of Ilesha-Itagunmodi Gold Ore through Froth Flotation

A low-grade gold ore from Ilesha-Itagunmodi, south western Nigeria was panned, dried and ball-milled before sieving into fractions. The morphological, mineralogical and chemical composition was studied by optical micro-scopy (Reflected and Transmission), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), respectively. The sieved fractions were subjected to chemical analysis (AAS). The +106 μm sieve had the highest concentration of the mineral and was then selected for the upgrade through froth flotation using standard rea-gents. In this paper a report on a 2k factorial experiment that provides an understanding of the impact of opera-tional variables on the quantity of gold mineral obtained from the ore during froth flotation is presented. Analy-sis results showed that Ilesha-Itagunmodi gold ore is non-refractory with fine grain particles, amenable to froth flotation and contained about 20 other associated minerals, gold had a concentration of about 0.0024%. A com-bination of P-Xanthate and amine glycol collectors at a pH of 9.2 only produced a considerable increase in gold yield. This translated to about 87.13% increase in recovery of gold from the ore. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out and the model equation obtained was subsequently optimised to obtain a model equation that could be used in predicting the recoverable quantity of gold, indicating that F11,1-values for Collector concentra-tion, Frother concentration, pH and Conditioning time were 156.86, 6.96, 43.81, and 56.77 respectively. A model with an F value of 88.41 was obtained which indicated that the model was significant. The model equation obtained was subsequently optimised to be able to predict the recoverable quantity of gold. A “Pred R-Squared” value of 0.9365 (93.65%) was also obtained and is in reasonable agreement with the “Adj R-Squared” value of 0.9534 (95.34%). It was established that Ilesha placer gold ore is amenable to froth flotation using standard reagents

DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE EMISSION REDUCTION UNIT (VERU) FOR USE IN PETROL ENGINES

Emisije plinova iz vozila glavni su uzrok zagađenosti zraka u modernim gradovima. Sve veći broj osobnih automobila, posebno u zadnjem desetljeću, doveo je do složenih prometnih teškoća i ozbiljnog povećanja potrošnje goriva i emisija plinova. Cilj je razviti napravu koja će smanjiti štetne sastojke u ispušnim pliovima iz vozila prije njihova ispuštanja u atmosferu. VERU (Vehicle Emissions Reduction Unit = naprava za smanjenje emisija) je upotrebljavan za upijanje određenih količina ugljičnog dioksida, ugljičnog monoksida i ugljikovodika koji bi inače završili u atmosferi. VERU se sastoji od metalne cijevi i smjese načinjene od gline, soda vapna i vode, oblikovane u kuglice koje se zatim suše na suncu. Suhe kuglice namjeste se u cijev koja se pričvrsti na kraj ispušne cijevi vozila. Rezultati ispitivanja VERU naprave pokazuju smanjenje ugljičnog dioksida za 60 %, ugljičnog monoksida za 73 % i ugljikovodika za 80 %, dok je količina kisika veća 150 %. Stoga je zaključeno da bi VERU mogao smanjiti emisije plinova iz vozila i iz tog se razloga preporuča njegova uporaba.Vehicle emissions constitute the main source of atmospheric pollution in modern cities. The increasing number of passenger cars, especially during the last decade, has resulted in composite traffic problems with serious consequences on emissions and fuel consumption. The main focus is on the development of a unit to reduce the constituents of vehicle emissions before they get into the atmosphere. The Vehicle Emissions Reduction Unit (VERU) was used to absorb certain percentages of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) which would have been emitted into the atmosphere. The VERU consists of a canister and specimen prepared by mixing clay with soda lime and water and rolled into balls which were then sun dried. The sun dried specimen were placed in the canister and applied at the tail end of exhaust pipes of vehicles. The results of the tests carried out using VERU showed that CO2 was reduced by 60%, CO by 73%, HC by 80%, while O2 was increased by 150%. It was concluded that the use of VERU could reduce vehicle emissions and is therefore recommended for use