A clinical audit of hysterectomy in Bowen university teaching hospital, Ogbomoso, south west Nigeria.

Context: Hysterectomy is a major gynaecological surgical procedure which involves the removal of the uterus, occasionally structures in the adnexae are removed alongside depending on the need to do so. Hysterectomy can be approached Abdominally, vaginally or even with laparoscopic assistance.Objective: This study was embarked on to ascertain the prevalence, indication, pattern and outcome of hysterectomy over a four (4) year period.Study design, Settings and Subjects: This study is a four (4) year retrospective review of all cases of hysterectomy either for gynaecological or obstetric reasons managed at BUTH from 1st January 2011 through 31st December 2014.Result: During the period under review a total of 127 hysterectomies were done for gynaecological and obstetrical indications, However, only 103 case records were available. Gynaecological indication was the reason for hysterectomy in 95 (92.2%) , while the remaining 8 (7.8%) had hysterectomy for Obstetrical indications. The mean age of patients in our study was 49.2±12.6 years; there was an age distribution of 18-90 years. The mean age of patients who had abdominal hysterectomy was 45.3±7.4 years, while the mean age for patients who had vaginal hysterectomy was 68.7±5.3 years. Abdominal hysterectomy accounted for 90( 87.4%) , while vaginal hysterectomy accounted for the remaining 13(12.6%) ; there was no case of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy done. There were three(3) deaths following emergency hysterectomy performed on account of primary postpartum haemorrhage.Conclusion: Hysterectomy remains a major gynaecological procedure. Necessary steps are needed to ensure that gynaecologist acquire skills for hysterectomy especially vaginal hysterectomy and even laparoscopic assisted hysterectomy

Response of rabbits to varying levels of cassava and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal diets

An experiment was carried out to determine the performance, haematology, carcass characteristics and sensory evaluation of meat from rabbits (n = 30) fed varying levels of cassava and Leucaena leaf meal diets. Rabbits were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% CLM replaced with LLM for treatments 1 to 5, respectively. Results showed that rabbits fed dietary treatment 30%CLM and 10%LLM had the highest (p<0.05) feed intake (94.49±3.63g/day), body weight gain (12.65±0.62g/ day), with those fed 40%LLM having the lowest values of 58.37g/day and 5.22±0.62g/day, respectively. Best (p<0.05) nutrient digestibility values were observed in 30%CLM and 10%LLM diets. Data on carcass characteristics shows significant (p<0.05) differences across dietary treatment. Dressing percentage ranged from 52.28% to 56.49% with rabbits fed 30% CLM having the highest (p<0.05). The sensory properties of the meat samples from loin of rabbits ranked the same (p>0.05) across dietary treatments. There were no significant differences (P<0.05) among groups for the haematological parameters, except for mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration. It was therefore concluded that 30% of cassava and 10% Leucaena leucocephala leaf meals can be best incorporated in the diet of rabbits to achieved optimum production without any adverse effects on the animals.Keywords: Rabbits, cassava, Leucaena, leaf meal, performance, haematology, carcas

An appraisal of pattern and presentation of gynaecological malignancies in Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Nigeria

Background: Gynaecological malignancies are cancers that occur in or on a woman's reproductive organs and genitals which includes the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The prevalence of gynaecological malignancies varies from one country to another. The factors responsible for the observed variance includes lifestyle, dietary pattern, level of education and the sophistication of health care system. This study aims to identify the pattern and clinical presentations of gynaecological malignancies at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso over a five-year period.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving one hundred and twenty-three (123) patients with a histological diagnosis of gynecological malignancy.Results: Patients with gynaecological malignancies accounted for 3.6% of the patients seen in the period under review. Majority of these patients were multiparous and between the age range of 50 and 69 years. The commonest form of gynaecological malignancy seen was cervical cancer.Conclusion: Health care programs and policies that strengthen public awareness campaigns, health education and health promotion like human papilloma virus vaccination and follow up surveillance will help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with gynaecological malignancies. Keywords: appraisal, pattern, presentation, gynaecological malignancie

Orofacial cancers: pattern and management in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Orofacial cancers remain a significant health burden globally, especially in the developing countries where the incidence is higher and appears to be increasing. This study aims to document the pattern, management and survivorship of patients with orofacial cancers as seen at a tertiary healthcare facilityin Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who presented at our centre with orofacial cancers in the period between January 2010 and December. Patients' demographics, location of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, treatment given and follow-up events were extracted from the records. Patient with insufficient data for analysis were excluded. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.Results: 21,090 patients were seen during the study period and 228 of the 1,029 biopsies done were malignant. The study included 213 patients (121 males and 92 females. mean age 48.2 years) with orofacial cancers. The commonest sites were the jaws (48.8%), palate (13.1%) and the tongue (7.5%).Carcinomas constituted 71.8% and were the commonest malignancies. All patients presented in stages III (34.6%) or IV (65.4%). 39.4% of patients  had no treatment instituted and surgery alone (21.9%) was the commonest treatment provided. The mean interval between treatment and recurrence was 3.0 months while mean expiration period was 13.5 months.Conclusion: Treatment conferred a higher probability of survival. Patients treated with surgery (and radiotherapy/chemotherapy) survived better than those treated non-aggressively. In general, about a third (30.8%) of orofacial cancer patients were alive at 5 years post presentation and about 50% of these survivors were living with the disease.Keywords: Orofacial cancer; outcome; survival; Nigeri