An Efficient Black-hole and Worm-hole Attacks Resilient Scheme for Cloud and Fog-Assisted Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles IoV is a distributed network that supports the use of data created by connected cars and vehicular ad-hoc networks VANETs for real-time communication among the vehicles and other infrastructures in the network Although IoV increases safety and efficient information exchange in transportation its inter-connectivity exposes the vehicles and the people to different cyber-attacks such as black-hole and worm-hole which are capable of disrupting the network In this paper we identify the black-hole and worm-hole attacks as the major security threats to the IoV technology We then propose periodic-time slicing and trust factor approaches to detect and prevent a black-hole attack and a cryptography procedure to prevent other IoV related cyber-attack

Intersections between culture, sociodemographic change and caring: a qualitative study of current and prospective family caregivers in mainland China.

Aim: As the ageing population in China increases, support required from family caregivers for older relatives living with long-term health conditions also increases. This being so, this thesis explored the experiences and perceptions of current and prospective family caregivers, under the culture of Xiao (孝; filial piety). Design and Methods: Phase 1 was conducted with 19 Chinese students using 3 focus groups to gain greater familiarity with the culture and inform the main study (Phase 2). Adopting a social constructivist philosophical position, data for Phase 2 were obtained from three generational sub-samples: only-children affected by the One-Child Policy (OCP), parents affected by OCP, and family caregivers in the workforce, totaling 23 participants through virtual in-depth interviews with participants in mainland China. Interviews were translated, transcribed, and analysed using reflective thematic analysis. Findings and Conclusion: Phase 1 confirmed the centrality of the concept of Xiao to attitudes and beliefs around future caregiving for parents. Phase 2 findings’ overarching theme was ‘Competing pressures’, which comprised of three inextricably linked themes: (i) Caregiving beliefs, (ii) Contextual factors, and (iii) Caregiving conditions. Participants expressed meaningful desires to fulfil obligations, reflecting value-based convictions, stemming from their socio-cultural environment. Stressors experienced reveals structural and personal barriers to seeking support. Ultimately, extensive demands and limited coping strategies could diminish meaning in caregiving. This thesis makes a novel contribution on perceptions and experiences of family caregivers of older relatives within China as a collectivist society. Findings have implications for research, policy, and practice, highlighting the need for culturally attuned services to build resilience

Benefits and Barriers to the Implementation of Green Building Standards in Universities: What are Students’ Views?

Embracing the principles of green building in development is crucial in creating a sustainable environment. However, research on its adoption in educational institutions is very low and students’ opinions are not given priority in the few research that are available in Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the perception of built environment students on the need to embrace the principles of green building in Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. 101 questionnaires were administered to students in the Departments of Architecture, Building Technology and Estate Management of the university and a response rate of 94% was achieved. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, weighted mean and relative importance index (RII) and the data was presented in tables. The study revealed that 88.42% of the students are aware of the concept of green building. According to the students, the degree of embracing green building standards in Covenant University is very low. Moreover, the benefits the students perceive the university can derive from adopting green building principles are: improved indoor air and water quality, reduction in pollution and environmental degradation, energy efficiency and water conservation. In addition, the students identified the following as the main barriers to green building adoption: ignorance on green building principles and their benefits (RII =0.91), high cost of green building technology (RII = 0.89), ignorance on professional knowledge and expertise on green building (RII = 0.89), ignorance on green building principles promotion by government (RII = 0.87) and ignorance on importance attached to green building principles by management of universities (RII = 0.87). The study recommended, amongst others, that there should be a forum where university management teams can be enlightened on the gains of embracing green building standards. This study is expected to broaden the knowledge of the Management of Covenant University on the importance of green development which will make the university environment to be conducive for learning, which will in turn aid better students’ academic performance. The study concluded that green building principles are vital to the physical and aesthetic planning of any development as it will reduce the amount of raw materials used in construction

Impacts of landfill disposal of construction and demolition waste (CDW)

Abstract: Growing population, industrialization and infrastructure development have resulted in enormous waste generation over the past decades. The disposal of vast amounts of waste remains a major challenge. However, in the globalized world recycling has become a main option for managing wastes while in other parts of the globe, landfilling is resorted to because of waste handling difficulties. South Africa is one of many countries where landfilling activities is high, as roughly 75 % of daily generated solid waste is disposed in landfills. This includes massive amounts of construction and demolition wastes (CDW) from reconstruction and development activities. South Africa depends on landfilling as a system of waste management which in the foreseeable future would linger on till feasible recycling options are initiated. Consequentially, the generation and seepage of leachate into soil, ground and surface water reserves is probable in such dump sites due to exposure of the waste bodies to rain and run-off water. A bespoke device was used in the study to investigate the impacts of disposing CDW in open dumps with mind for an unlined site relying on the geology of the area as worst case scenario. To generate leachate, the device was coupled with CDW in a bottom chamber and de-ionized water seeped through from a reservoir. Arsenic, Copper and Chromium from the generated leachate were analyzed by full spectral method on the effluent and were compared to South African standard of drinking water. Although, concentration levels of the targeted ions decreased through the test, it was clear that if CDW is not properly disposed, could contribute to consequential impacts on human and environmental health over time. Keywords Leachate, Landfill, Construction and Demolition Waste, Bespoke device

BIG DATA AND REAL ESTATE: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The concept of big data though relatively new has brought a lot of solutions to modern day challenges. Many authors, particularly in developed countries, have adopted the concept in tackling the numerous challenges unfolding in the real estate profession. However, most of the findings from these authors are on individual bases and as such, there is a need to reach a general consensus on the relevance of big data to the real estate profession. The review shows the impact of big data to include digitization of records, information on user preferences, sensor information on the urban environment and sensor information on movement. The paper concludes that the relevance of big data to the real estate profession cannot be over-emphasised

MODELLING OF ENUGU STATE MONTHLY RAINFALL USING BOX AND JENKINS METHODDOLOGY

The paper examined the rainfall distribution of Enugu state in Nigeria. Box-Jenkins methodology was used to build ARIMA model to analyze data and forecast for the period of 15 years, from January, 2002 to December, 2016 and to predict for the future. We observed that the average annual rainfall of Enugu state ranges from 124mm to 179mm. The irregularity in annual rainfall of Enugu State one and half decades ago is a bit large, indicating that climate stability is high in the state. Different time series models were diagnostically checked, and tested for Enugu state and at last an SARIMA (0, 0, 0) (1, 0, 1)12 model is chosen as the proposed best model. The proposed model was used to forecast two years’ monthly rainfall value for the state. The results indicated that relatively there is a tendency of increasing in trend of future rainfall values in the state

EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE SALT ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SUNFLOWER OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION STABILIZED BY GELATINIZED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT FLOUR

 The influence of sodium chloride salt (NaCl) concentrations (0 – 300mM) on the rheological properties of sunflower oil-in-water emulsions (40 w/w%) stabilized by 7 w/w% gelatinized bambara groundnut flour (BGNF) was investigated. Rheological characterizations of the emulsions were carried out using a shear rate controlled rheometer. Emulsions with and without NaCl were thixotropic, pseudoplastic and viscoelastic fluids. The mean hysteresis loop area, consistency coefficient and recoverable strain were in the range 389.90 – 771.50 Pas-1, 13.61 – 44.87 Pasn and 10.82 – 46.15 % respectively. NaCl significantly affected (p < 0.05) rheological properties of BGNF-stabilized emulsion. Increased NaCl in the emulsion decreased extent of thixotropy, pseudoplasticity and viscoelasticity of BGNF-stabilized emulsions. The results indicated that the rheological properties of BGNF-stabilized emulsion can be controlled and manipulated using NaCl. The result provided the information necessary to understand the influence of NaCl on the rheological properties of BGNF-stabilized emulsions for product and process development

Performance of rabbits on exclusive day and/or night feeding regime in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out using Twenty four growing rabbits with an average initial weight of between 667 -676 g. The rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups of eight rabbits each, with each rabbit serving as a replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The rabbits were fed conventionally on concentrate (l00g) and fresh forages -Aspilia africana-Tndax procumbens (200g) per animal per day. The first group which served as the control were provided with feed and water ad libitum while the second group (day feeding) were fed once during the day (08:00 hrs) and provided with only water at night. The third group (night feeding) were fed once in the evening (06:30 hrs) and provided with water during the day. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Parameters recorded were temperature and humidity of the rabbitary, rectal temperature of the rabbits, feed intake and left over, water consumption, weight gain as well as the pulse rate of the rabbits. Rabbits on exclusive night feeding had final weights (1.62 kg) comparable (P>0.05) with the control (1.58 kg) that were fed ad-libitum (day and night) and higher (P<0.05) than the weight of rabbits (1.48 kg) fed exclusively during the day. Feed wastage was much lower (P<0.05) in rabbits fed exclusively at night. The relative organ weights shows that the kidney, spleen, and intestinal weights were not affected (P>0.05) but there were differences (P<0.05) in weights of lungs, heart and liver for the feeding regimes. It can be concluded that feeding rabbits at night is better to take advantage of their nocturnal habit. This will encourage the participation of individuals whose schedules are busy during the day in rabbit meat production thus making more rabbit available for consumption

Exploration of meaning, motivation, and preparedness to care amongst the one-child policy generation in China

YesIn China there is a cultural expectation (Xiao, -filial piety) that offspring should provide care for their parents. However, the sustainability of this is threatened by the impact of the One-Child Policy (OCP) (1979-2015), which has resulted in a diminution in numbers of children available to care, rapid urbanisation and increase in the number of women in employment. In this context, the objective was to explore the motivations, meaning, and preparedness for future caregiving of offspring affected by the OCP. We adopted a constructivist position using a hermeneutic phenomenology approach and interviewed eight current and prospective caregivers aged 20-35 years about future caregiving responsibilities. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, analysed using reflective Thematic Analysis. Three prominent themes: (i) Caregiving beliefs, (ii) Caregiving conditions and (iii) Contextual factors were identified under an overarching theme "Competing pressures-meanings, motivation and preparedness". Despite the inherent stress, participants envisaged providing or organising care in the future to fulfil Xiao, and most viewed long-term care settings as unviable. Ultimately, the findings suggested that the actual performance of caregiving would not always measure up to ideal expectations, resulting in 'filial discrepancy' that is, a gap between societal expectations for caregiving to older relatives and actual caregiving performance. This could adversely impact the caregivers and quality of care provided. The findings highlighted the urgent need to develop culturally attuned services, including education and training for family caregivers, health and social care professionals.This work was supported by Research England: Quality Related Global Challenge Research Fund; University of Bradford