DETERMINATION OF TOTAL TANIN CONTENTS OF Terminalia Catappa, L. LEAF EXTRACT AND TEST OF ITS ABILITY AS A COMPLEXION AGENT OF Fe (III)

A study of the essential oil content in basil (Ocimum sanctum) and red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle) originally grown in Flores island has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify the chemotype of the essential oils obtained over stahl distillation using GC-MS. The Ocimum mainly consisted of 55% eugenol following by minor trans-alfa-bergometena, patchulana, and linalool. Meanwhile, the chemotype of the red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L. rendle) were citronellol (22%), citronella, cyclohexamethanol, and viridiflorol

Molecular identification and anticancer activity of alkylphenol from cashew nut shell oil (Anacardium occidentale) grown In Timor Island

Isolation of anacardic acid and cardanol from cashew nut shell liquid and their cytotoxic activity to on ward HeLa cancer cell line has been done. The objective of this research is to isolate and identify anacardic acid and cardanol from CNSL along with their cytototoxic activity towards HeLa cancer cell lines. Anacardic acid was isolated as calcium anacardate. Hydrolisis of this acid with acid chloride yields anacardic acid . Liquor ammonia was added to the acid-free CNSL and extracted with hexane/ethyl acetate (98:2) to isolate cardanol and with ethyl acetate/hexane (80:20) to separate cardol. Cardanol was obtained as the main chemical component of CNSL derived from Kupang district. Anacardic acid and cardanol was analyzed using IR and GC-MS. Anticancer activity of chemical components of CNSL against HeLa cancer cell lines were studied using MTT. Cytotoxic activity test showed that CNSL, anacardic acid and cardanol can be developed as anticancer agent.Key words : CNSL, anacardic acid, cardanol, anticancer

Bioaktivitas Metabolit Sekunder dari Genus Dipterocarpus

Research has been conducted with the title "Literature Study of Secondary Metabolites and Bioactivity of Plants Genus Dipterocarpus". The method used is a descriptive method with the aim of being to find out the active compounds in the genus plant dipterocarpus and to know the ability of the bioactivity of genus plants dipterocarpus. Based on the results of the study, bioactivity of secondary metabolites from planst of the genus dipterocarpus namely antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticlasses, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, antiproliferation, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. Very strong biosaltivity indicated by the ethyl acetate faction plant D. Intricatus Sagai Antioxidant IC50 Nialial is 0.075 μg / mL. While very weak bioacchables are shown extract methanol stem plant D. Costatus as cytotoxic with ic50 value 973 ± 14.57 μg / mL

UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK AIR DAUN KELOR (Moringan oleifera, L) ASAL LAHAN KERING NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Moringa Oleifera (Moringa oleifera Lamk) found excessive growth in dry East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province. The plant has not only been primarily consumed as food especially for its leaves but also is rich in nutrients in its fruits to roots, benefits as coagulants, vitamins, and medicines.  This research studied the toxic effect of the water extract of Moringa leaves to Artemia Salina Leach shrimp larvae according to BST method using water (room temperature) as a solvent, a preliminary study of the antibacterial and the anticancer target of study of the Morinaga. Moringa leaves were macerated for 3 x 24 hours using water, the results of phytochemical tests identified secondary metabolic content, among others, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins. The results of the BSLT test showed that the water extract (room temperature) of Moringa leaves had a toxicity level against Artemia Salina Leach as indicated by an LC50 value of 888, 34 less than 1000 ppm. It can be concluded that Moringa leaves have potential as a plant which can later be used as anti-bacterial and anti-cancer

Analisis Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder dan Uji aktivitas Antibakteri Jamur Endofit Batang Binahong (Anredera COrdifiolia Steenis)

The isolation of endophytic fungi (penicillium sp) from binahong stem had been undertaken with the objective to determine its content of secondary metabolites and its antibacterial activity. The content of secondary metabolites was analyzed with HPLC and its antibacterial activity was measured using paper disc diffusion method. The results showed that there were four compounds in the HPLC chromatogram detected at 235 nm. The antibacterial activity for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were observed for its diameter of zone inhibition at 18.2 mm and 16.7 mm for S.aureus and 17.8 mm and 16.3 mm  for E. Coli

ANALISIS SENYAWA ANTIBIOTIK DARI JAMUR SIMBION YANG TERDAPAT DALAM ASCIDIANS Didemnum molle DI SEKITAR PERAIRAN BUNAKEN-SULAWESI UTARA

Endosymbiont can be interpreted as microbes that live in colonies in the internal tissues of other higher organisms without causing adverse effects directly on the its host. Endosymbiont organisms have a huge potential to be exploited as a new natural products that are useful in medicine, agriculture, and industry. This research is focused on the antibacterial potential. Ascidians Didemnum moll speciments were collected from Manado waters. The fungal isolates were purified followed by screening their antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study we isolated 3 fungal specimens Acremonium sp. (ADMB-1, 2 and 3). Three isolates showed potential antibacterial activity. Together with the fungal isolates, we also isolated Bacillus galacosidilyticus from the same host. This bacterial isolate also show antibacterial potency

Single Production of Kojic Acid by Aspergillus flavus and the Revision of Flufuran

Timor Island is very hot and dry due to the high intensity of sunlight experienced throughout the year. The endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus had been isolated from medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. The endophytic fungi A. flavus from each plant was cultivated on solid rice media and then analyzed for its capability for producing kojic acid. The production of kojic acid was analyzed by HPLC; the highest amount of kojic acid was observed from the endophytic fungi A. flavus, isolated from the stem of Catharanthus roseus, followed by A. flavus from Annona squamosa and Curcuma xanthorisa. Simple VLC fractionation of the extract of A. flavus from C.roseus led to the isolation of around 11.1 g of pure kojic acid. The structure of kojic acid (1) was confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. A comparison of the NMR data with the literature supported the revision of the natural product flufuran to kojic acid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a strain of endophytic fungi producing only kojic acid without any other toxic metabolites such as alfatoxins. Therefore, this Aspergillus flavus strain can be applied as a potential producer of kojic acid for industrial use

Inducing Secondary Metabolite Production by the Endophytic Fungus <i>Fusarium tricinctum</i> through Coculture with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Coculturing the fungal endophyte <i>Fusarium tricinctum</i> with the bacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168 trpC2 on solid rice medium resulted in an up to 78-fold increase in the accumulation in constitutively present secondary metabolites that included lateropyrone (<b>5</b>), cyclic depsipeptides of the enniatin type (<b>6</b>–<b>8</b>), and the lipopeptide fusaristatin A (<b>9</b>). In addition, four compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) including (−)-citreoisocoumarin (<b>2</b>) as well as three new natural products (<b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b>) were not present in discrete fungal and bacterial controls and only detected in the cocultures. The new compounds were identified as macrocarpon C (<b>1</b>), 2-(carboxymethylamino)­benzoic acid (<b>3</b>), and (−)-citreoisocoumarinol (<b>4</b>) by analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data. Enniatins B1 (<b>7</b>) and A1 (<b>8</b>), whose production was particularly enhanced, inhibited the growth of the cocultivated <i>B. subtilis</i> strain with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 and 8 μg/mL, respectively, and were also active against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> with MIC values in the range 2–8 μg/mL. In addition, lateropyrone (<b>5</b>), which was constitutively present in <i>F. tricinctum</i>, displayed good antibacterial activity against <i>B. subtilis</i>,<i> S. aureus</i>, <i>S. pneumoniae</i>, and <i>E. faecalis,</i> with MIC values ranging from 2 to 8 μg/mL. All active compounds were equally effective against a multiresistant clinical isolate of <i>S. aureus</i> and a susceptible reference strain of the same species

ANTI-ALOPECIA ACTIVITY OF MORINGA (MORINGA OLEIFERA LAMK.) SEED OIL AGAINST DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE-INDUCED RABBITS

Objective: Alopecia is a condition where there is hair loss or no growth of hair, which can occur as a result of stress, heredity, hormonal factors or due to certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the anti-alopecia activity of moringa seed oil against rabbits induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Methods: The methods used was the alopecia rabbit model according to Matias with moringa seed oil concentrations of 7.5, 10 and 12.5%, positive control (0.1% finasteride) and negative control (1% tween 80) with parameters hair length and hair weight test. Results: Results showed that moringa seed oil concentrations of 7.5, 10 and 12.5% had anti-alopecia activity with average hair length of 3.4±0.17, 3.9±0.20 and 4.5±0.28 cm, respectively and average hair weight of 118±23.148±30.9 and 175±47.2 mg respectively. Conclusion: Moringa seed oil concentration of 12.5% had optimal activity for developing as anti-alopecia based on the statistical analysis value of hair length (125x10-3&gt;0.05) was not significantly different while hair weight (3x10-3&lt;0.05) was significantly different from the positive control of 0.1% finasteride