Revascularization of post-traumatic leg amputation: a case report

There are few reports on lower extremity revascularization because of its high risks of general and local complications as well as poor functional prognosis. However, revascularization of the traumatically amputated lower extremity is a technically feasible surgical undertaking if there can be effective collaboration between the orthopaedic surgeon and the vascular surgeon. Successful outcome is usually judged by functional achievements of the patient toward returning to the preinjury level. Appropriate patient selection significantly increases the potential for obtaining a satisfactory outcome. We report the successful revascularization of a near amputation of the right leg of a young man who wasknocked down accidentally by a speeding taxi leading to mangled and near amputation of his right leg. He underwent successful revascularization and currently doing well, one year after the surgery. Successful revascularization is possible if indicated in less resource countries especially if there is an experienced team of vascular and orthopaedic surgeons.Keywords: Revascularization, leg, trauma, amputation, repairFunding: Non

Celebrity Selection Strategies in the Automobile Industry A Review of Related Literature

Practitioners continually face the difficulty of strategically executing their marketing communications in order to draw consumer attention and influence consumer judgments. One of the strategies among the barrage of options proposed to companies yearning to achieve competitive edge is these companies careful and tactical use of marcoms activities such as strategic advertising to promote both corporate and brands image. This paper seeks to assess Celebrity Selection Strategies as effective Marketing Communications tool in the Automobile industry. The specific activities to be carried out in the process of this current study are: To identify effective strategic options to be adopted by automakers and their ad agencies to select celebrities to endorse their products or brands; explore strategic options automakers adopt to achieve the right “congruence” or “fit” between the endorsed brands and the celebrity endorsers; identify how automakers gain sales’ benefits through the adoption of celebrity endorsement to promote their products or brands; determine potential risks associated with celebrity endorsements, and their effects on the entire endorsement contracts signed by automakers and explore strategic options automakers adopt to reduce the risks associated with celebrity endorsements. Both theoretical and empirical literature are reviewed. Conclusions are drawn based on the findings. Keywords: Celebrity, celebrity endorsement, celebrity selection strategies, automobile products or brands, Ghana, Nigeria, France, Germany

The Impact of Export and Import to Economic Growth of Ghana

International trade is a cross-border exchange of goods and services. It is the commonest form of international trade activity, which has been instrumental in modifying world history. The overall objective of this study is to identify and quantify the impacts of exports and imports on Ghana's economic growth from 1998 to 2018. Through the unit root and cointegration test, through the first-order difference cointegration variable stability and long-term equilibrium relationship. There is no significant causal relationship between imports in international trade and Ghana’s GDP growth. Exports have a significant causal relationship with Ghana’s GDP growth, such as cocoa. The exchange rate and inflation rate are not Granger causal causes of GDP. Conversely, GDP is indeed the Granger causal cause of exchange rate and inflation rate. Keywords：Impact; Export; Import; Economic growth; Ghana. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-21-15 Publication date:July 31st 202

A Study on the Dynamic Relationship Between Financial Development and Investment: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

The relationship between financial development and investment has become the central focus for empirical studies since the emergence of endogenous growth models. Bank-based measures and Financial markets-based measures have often been used as proxies for financial development in many studies. However, results based on these proxies have often yielded different interpretations since the concept of financial development is broad and a multidimensional process. The Financial development index of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) presents a more comprehensive measure for financial development, and it is also useful for investigating financial development and other economic outcomes. Also, investment is a versatile concept since it takes on many forms and sources. We adopt the panel VAR estimation techniques to examine the endogenous relationship between financial development and investment using the Financial development index, general government investment, private investment, and foreign direct investment (FDI) as dependent variables. The study reveals that private investment has a positive endogenous relationship with financial development. Moreover, the causal relationship between financial development and private investment is bilateral. Also, financial development has a positive influence on FDI. Furthermore, the study suggests that financial development has a strongly exogenous relationship with General government investment. Keywords: Financial development index; Private investment; General government investment; Foreign direct investment; Panel VAR. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-14-09 Publication date:July 31st 202

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Employees in the Construction Supply Chain in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Job satisfaction has received immense attention in organizational research. It is proven as one of the key factors that contribute to productivity. The focus of this study was to examine factors affecting job satisfaction of employees in the local building construction industry in Ghana. Quantitative survey based research approach was used in the study. One hundred and fifty eight (158) employees working in selected construction organisations in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were involved in the study. Primary data was collected through questionnaire instrument and analysed using descriptive statistical tool with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The findings indicated that non-wage based factors such as recognition, task itself, work environment, supervision and job security appeared to influence job satisfaction than wage paid to the employees in the construction sector. Managers in construction supply chain should make policies and incorporate factors that allow employees to achieve their high-order individual goals in job design to secure employee’s loyalty and improve productivity. Keywords: Construction Supply Chain, Job Satisfaction, Employees, Building Industry, Ghan

Credit Risk Management as a Good Measure of Financial Performance of Banks in Ghana

Banks are exposed to several forms of risks that affect their performance. The main objective of banking management is to maximize wealth. In efforts to realize this goal managers and shareholders should evaluate the cash flows and risks to direct its financial resources in different areas of use. This paper aims to investigate the effect of credit risk management (CRM) on financial performance (FP) of banks in Ghana. The indicators used in the study are CRM, bank credit (BC), liquidity risk (LR) and capital risk (CR) are regressed on FP. The CADF and CIPS panel unit root tests report that, the variables are non-stationary at their levels but become stationary at their first difference. The Westerlund-Edgerton panel bootstrap cointegration test show that, the variables are cointegrated and hence possess a structural long-run relationship. Also the Granger causality through the ARDL model show; (1) A two-way causality between bank credit and FP in the long-period and short-period; (2) A positive and significant one-way cause running from liquidity to FP, a one-way causality between capital risk and FP, lastly one-way causality in the long-period for LR and bank credit are evidenced; (3) The ARDL framework is evidenced to be very significantly effective to the application of Granger causativeness test. Keywords: bank credit; credit risk management; financial performance; liquidity risk. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-4-04 Publication date: February 29th 2020

An assessment of water quality and the locals' perception of coastal lagoon pollution in ghana: A case study of chemu lagoon in tema

The Chemu lagoon is not immune to pollution through chemical waste contamination, refuse disposals, and untreated household sewage, and hence has been chosen as a case study. This paper aims to assess the lagoon's level of pollution. Chemical analysis of water samples, field observations, and a structured survey questionnaire was used to assess the state of the lagoon. The study revealed that the Chemu lagoon has inferior water quality as most of the parameters evaluated were above the acceptable standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Significant differences in concentrations of water quality parameters were established between seasons. The study found that respondents were aware of the lagoon’s polluted state and attributed pollution to siltation and waste dumping. This leads to offensive odour, livelihood losses emphasising a reduction in fishing activities, and outbreaks of diseases in the area. Conclusively, stakeholders have not prioritised mitigating pollution of the lagoon. The study recommends that the Environmental Health and Waste Management Departments of the Tema Metropolitan Assembly intensify house-to-house hygiene education and sanitary inspection in the area. There should be education and sensitisation on proper waste management practices in the area

Exploring the Staff Development and Retention Challenges Faced by Tertiary Educational Institutions in Ghana: The Case of Takoradi Technical University

Human resource is essential in the development of every nation. Nations including Ghana have and continue to make concerted efforts in terms of human capital formation required to drive their development agenda. To achieve effective human resource means that institutions such as the polytechnics and universities charged with the responsibility of churning out well-qualified personnel have the capacity to carry out their mandate. Efforts towards human resource capacity at the polytechnics and universities require that investments are made in staff development and retention at these institutions. Failing to develop and retain well-qualified personnel in these institutions will make the dream of sustainable human resource development a mirage. In essence, staff development within the tertiary institutions is vital in positioning them as centers of excellence within the discourse of strategic human capital formation measures. This paper therefore focuses on analyzing factors affecting staff development and retention within the tertiary educational institutions of Ghana using Takoradi Technical University as a case. The researchers adopted the convergent parallel mixed method research based on descriptive survey design. Stratified, simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 94 respondents made up of 92 teaching staff and two key officers of the University. Questionnaire and interview guide were the instruments used in gathering relevant data for the study. For the quantitative analysis, frequencies, percentages and an independent sample t-test were used whereas transcribed data were analyzed thematically in the case of the qualitative analysis. The study found that staff development challenges the University was faced with include inadequate funds, rigid institutional policies, high cost of replacing personnel, lack of transparency, and favoritism. Staff development challenges that male lecturers faced were not different from that of their female colleagues. A number of challenges such as poor conditions of service, low involvement of lecturers in decision making, delay in promotion, inadequate feedback, as well as poor recognition of and reward for hard work in the institution threatened staff retention. There was statistically significant difference in retention challenges based on the gender of lecturers. The Management of the University should team up with faculty to come out with measures to generate additional sources of revenue for the institution including writing innovative research proposals that can attract both local and international sponsorships. Keywords: Organizations, Human resource, tertiary education

Accessibility of tourist sites to persons with disability: the case of Cape Coast and Elmina Castles in Ghana

The term accessibility is used in the context of providing equal opportunity to enter into an environment. Much is not known about the accessibility of tourist sites such as castles and forts to people with disabilities. This study sought to examine the accessibility of the Cape Coast and Elmina Castles to people with disabilities through a qualitative approach which involved in-depth interviews and photovoice to collect data. The study revealed that the castles are inaccessible. Though ramps, spacious pathways and handrails in washrooms existed, there was however, no mutual relation between the design of the castles and the concept of accessibility as defined by the Disability Act. The creation of awareness on the rights of the disabled to participate in the tour of castles can perhaps draw the attention of local government authorities and other relevant stakeholders to effect the necessary changes.Peer Reviewe

Inferior vena cava injury: survival of a rare case

The inferior vena cava is the most commonly injured abdominal vessel and accounts for about 25% of abdominal vascular injuries. Despite improved preoperative care and operative techniques, the mortality rates for the inferior vena cava injuries are still high due to delayed presentation, inadequate or delayed fluid resuscitation, difficulty of diagnosis and technical problems in repair. A case of the inferior vena cava injury encountered after abdominal stabinjury with about 4cm vertical tear of infrarenal vena cava, survived due to immediate transportation, appropriate and successful perioperative fluid and blood resuscitation, prompt surgical management with a team approach and critical post-operative surgical management.Keywords: The inferior vena cava (IVC), stab wound, venorrhaphy, haemoperitoneu