Gender and Education as Determinants of Household Poverty in Nigeria

Gender, Education, Poverty, Nigeria, Households

Trade Unions as Organisations: Key Issues and Problems of Internal Democracy in Nigeria

The paper critically examines and evaluates inter alia Trade Unions asOrganisations and the key issues and problems of Internal Democracywithin them. It transcends this analysis to assert that these core issues applyequally well to Political Organisations. Thus, from an ideological standpoint,Trade Unions play a great role in representing members’ interests inregulating labour market and Managerial Relations with employees.Similarly, it is the opinion of this article that theoretically speaking and tosome extent, Trade Unions adopt democratic constitutions by giving theirmembers ultimate control over certain policy decisions and the organisationof their own union activities. Achieving internal democracy within TradeUnions requires more than just member activism, and ipso facto, the papercontends that a democratic union must have a mix grill of three basicfeatures – a (i)democratic constitution,(ii) institutional opposition and(iii) anactive membership. Trade Union Organisations and by extension, politicalorganisations, must build their governance around these democraticprinciples ad nauseam

Stress and Resilience among Healthcare Professionals: A Synthesized Literature Review

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REMARKS FROM THE CHAIR OF THE IFLA AFRICA SECTION

Dear Colleagues Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen I feel highly honoured and privileged to be invited to make some remarks at the 2nd International Conference on African Digital Libraries & Archives (ICADLA-2). Let me reiterate that the IFLA Africa Section participated actively in organizing the first conference (ICADLA-1) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2009 and I am happy that the second conference is taking place in South Africa, thereby giving more colleagues from the different sub-regions of Africa to participate

Prevalence of endoparasite in some commercially important freshwater fishes of Bida area, Niger State: a preliminary report

The result of this preliminary report highlighted prevalence of an endoparasite (nematode) in order of prevalence. Four non-scaly commercially important fishes, namely:- Clarias sp Hererobranchus bidorsalis. Bagrus sp and Synodontis sp.; and nine scaly fishes, namely; - Gymnarchus sp, Protopterus annectus. Tilapia sp, Lates niloticus. Heterotis niloticus, Mormyrops sp, Channa Obscurus, Labeo sp and Distochodus rostratus of freshwater fadama of the Bida Area, Niger State. The extent of the spread was evaluated. While the reactions of fishermen, middlemen (fishmongers) and fish-eaters in order to appreciate the impacts of the nematode infested fishes on the populace were recorded. The paper suggested areas for further studies towards evoking desirable management strategies for the study area as follows. Such suggested areas are:- Identification and confirmation of the nematode species; life cycle of the nematode species; influence of season on the prevalence, spread and pathology in the nematode infested fishes, et

Paul Okojie on Darfur and the Crisis of Governance in Sudan: A Critical Reader. Edited by Salah M. Hassan and Carina E. Ray. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009. 528pp.

A review of: Darfur and the Crisis of Governance in Sudan: A Critical Reader. Edited by Salah M. Hassan and Carina E. Ray. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009. 528pp

Rewards Policy And Employee Motivation In The National Library Of Nigeria (NLN)

This study focused on ranking twenty factors that influence employee motivation in the National Library of Nigeria as well as examining the reward policy of the organization. A descriptive survey method was used with the questionnaire as the main data collection instrument. The questionnaire used was adapted from Kovach’s (1987) questionnaire on employee motivation and Kamdi’s (2009) questionnaire on reward policies for employees. Out of the 100 questionnaires distributed, 81 were returned representing 81% return rate. Using simple statistical analysis, the study observed that employees of the National Library of Nigeria were most motivated by job security, salary and interesting work respectively. The study also observed that the reward programme in place at the National Library was not well communicated to staff and therefore there were a lot of contradicting views among staff on how the programme was implemented. Interestingly, staff were of the view that an efficient and effective reward programme will greatly enhance employee motivation and that a highly motivated workforce will lead to greater productivity and ultimately ensure that the National Library meets its stated goals. The study concludes by recommending that the management of the National Library of Nigeria should develop a well articulated, written reward policy which will be widely circulated among staff. It also suggests ways to address the security needs of staff and other key factors that influence employee motivation

The Cybernetic Metaphor in Organisation Theory: Epistemological Implications

Cybernetics is the metaphorical term that describes and characterises thefield of study which is concerned with the control and communication inanimal and machine. Broadly speaking, developments have occurred in twodirections, one of which builds upon early cybernetic insights which soughtto build machines upon the principles which characterise organisms, andanother which follows the epistemological implications deriving from thecybernetic perspective. The former line of development has given rise to anumber of theories and techniques, which facilitate the achievement ofregulation and control in social affairs. The latter has given rise to acybernetic world view which has very fundamental implications for ourunderstanding of the manner in which ecological systems evolve. This paperseeks to argue that whereas cybernetics as a technique for enhancingregulation and control within organisations has already had an importantimpact upon theorising, its epistemological implications have not been soclearly appreciated. Systematically developed, these implications havefundamental consequences for the way organisations and their mode ofoperation are viewed

PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS AND FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS IN BENDEL STATE, NIGERIA

The paper examines the contribution of proximate determinants to the understanding of rural-urban and ethnic fertility differentials in Bendel State of Nigeria. The Bongaarts model provides a framework for analyzing the relationships between fertility and its proximate determinants. The results of the analysis showed that durations of breastfeeding, amenorrhea and postpartum sexual abstinence are relatively short in Bendel State compared with some other ethnic groups in Nigeria. Higher education, urban residence and participation in modern sector employment are associated with shorter duration of breastfeeding, amenorrhea and postpartum sexual abstinence and greater use of contraception. Although the findings of the study suggest that the Bongaarts model will yield better results if applied to large samples, the analysis shows that differences in proximate determinants help to explain fertility differentials. Thus the near equality between fertility levels in urban and rural centres is arrived at through different combinations of proximate indices. Findings suggest the need for a vigorous family planning information programme to improve knowledge about the benefits of smaller families and practice of family planning

Dual ohmic contact to N- and P-type silicon carbide

Simultaneous formation of electrical ohmic contacts to silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor having donor and acceptor impurities (n- and p-type doping, respectively) is disclosed. The innovation provides for ohmic contacts formed on SiC layers having n- and p-doping at one process step during the fabrication of the semiconductor device. Further, the innovation provides a non-discriminatory, universal ohmic contact to both n- and p-type SiC, enhancing reliability of the specific contact resistivity when operated at temperatures in excess of 600.degree. C