On The Exact Quotient Of Division By Zero

This paper aims to present the solution to the most significant problem in all of analysis, namely, the problem of assigning a precise quotient for the division by zero, . It is universally acknowledged that if nbspand nbspare two integers where , the fraction , when evaluated, gives rise to only one rational quotient. But, here in analysis, at least three quotients have been assigned to the fraction nbspby various departments of analysis. Moreover, so much hot debate has emerged from the discussion which has arisen from this subject. It is, therefore, the purpose of this paper to furnish the exact quotient for the special and most significant case of division by zero, the fraction .nbs

Presentation of recurrent aphthous ulcer among patients in a tertiary hospital

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcer and the gender and age distribution of the various subtypes of recurrent aphthous ulcer among patients utilizing dental services in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was carried out in Oral Medicine Clinic, UBTH. Data of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers were collected and analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21.0 software. The association between age and gender distribution amongst patients was analyzed using Chi squared test. The level of significance was set at P< 0.05. Results: The prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcer in the study was found to be 7.2%, with 54.5% of cases seen in male patients and 45.5% in female. Most of the patients (n=9, 41.0%) were within the 21-30 years age group. Eleven (50.0%) cases of recurrent aphthous ulcer were found to be of the minor subtype with more female preponderance (27.4%), while 8(36.4%) had the hepertiform subtype with equal gender distribution and the least (13.6%) was the major subtype found only in male patients. Conclusion: The study revealed an overall prevalence of 7.2% of recurrent aphthous ulcers with higher occurrence among males. Most of the patients were in the third decade of life. The most common subtype of recurrent aphthous ulcer was the minor type.Keywords:Recurrent aphthous ulcer, prevalence, outpatient department

Petroleum Hydrocarbon Fingerprints of Water and Sediment Samples of Buffalo River Estuary in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from five points in the estuary and extracted using standard methods. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) varied from 7.65 to 477 g/L in the water and 12.59 to 1,100 mg/kg in the sediments, with mean values of 146.50 ± 27.96 g/L and 209.81 ± 63.82 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of TPH in the sediments correlated significantly with organic carbon (OC) in both seasons. TPH and OC levels were slightly lower in summer than in autumn in the two environmental matrices, and the average amount of TPH in the water samples collected from all the sampling stations was generally lower than the EU standard limit of 300 g/L. However, the levels in the sediments exceeded the EGASPIN target value (50 mg/kg) for mineral oil but were below the intervention value (5,000 mg/kg), indicating a serious impact of industrial growth and urbanization on the area, although the n-alkane ratios and indexes used for source tracking revealed excessive flow from both natural and anthropogenic sources

Exploration of Aquifer Levels in Abraka, Obiaruku and Umutu Communities in Delta State, Nigeria

The Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding method was used to detect aquifer levels in Abraka, Obiaruku and Umutu communities in Delta State respectively.  The study recorded the aquifer level in Obiaruku to be between 26m to 34m.  In Abraka the aquifer level lied between 20m to about 30m while in Umutu, it was between 50m to 100m. Borehole data showed that portable drinking water lies between 20m to 100m and could easily be assessed in these areas

Diversity and abundance of butterfly species (Lepidoptera) fauna in Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi forestry nursery, Benue State, Nigeria

Butterflies belong to one of the most important taxa of insects. Understanding their significance in an ecosystem as an environmental health indicator and pollination of flowering plants is crucial to achieving sustainability and conservation of floral diversity. Owing to habitat destruction due to some anthropogenic activities, butterflies are fast disappearing and at present, their survival is under threat. The study assessed the diversity and abundance of butterfly species in the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi forestry nursery, Nigeria. Line transects were used to survey three habitats within and around the forestry nursery using handheld sweep nets in March and April, 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-way analysis of variance. A total of 337 individuals representing 17 butterfly species belonging to 5 families were recorded across the three habitat types. Out of these, members belonging to the family Nymphalidae were the most common with 7 species being recorded accounting for 41.2% of the total species and 26.7% of total number of individuals collected. Species richness, evenness and diversity varied from habitat to habitat and decreased from dry land area to swampy area (D= 2.336 – 1.966), (J= 0.336 – 0.236), (H1= 1.394 – 0.955). There was no significant different in species composition/richness across habitat types at 0.05%. It was recommended that management effort towards conservation be put in place so as to ensure sustenance of butterflies and ecosystem services derived from them, and further exploration of butterfly species be done to update this checklist.Keywords: Butterfly, Species, Forestry Nursery, Diversity, Abundanc

Performance of NiFe 2

Investigation into the reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution was carried out through some batch photocatalytic studies. The photocatalysts used were silica coated nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4-SiO2), nickel ferrite titanium dioxide (NiFe2O4-TiO2), nickel ferrite silica titanium dioxide (NiFe2O4-SiO2-TiO2), and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The characterization of the materials prepared via stepwise synthesis using coprecipitation and sol-gel methods were carried out with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The reduction efficiency was studied as a function of pH, photocatalyst dose, and contact time. The effects of silica interlayer between the magnetic photocatalyst materials reveal that reduction efficiency of NiFe2O4-SiO2-TiO2 towards Cr(VI) was higher than that of NiFe2O4-TiO2. However, TiO2 was observed to have the highest reduction efficiency at all batch photocatalytic experiments. Kinetics study shows that photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) obeyed Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and first-order rate kinetics. Regenerability study also suggested that the photocatalyst materials can be reused

Vibrio Fluvialis: An Unusual Enteric Pathogen of Increasing Public Health Concern

In developing countries, the fraction of treated wastewater effluents being discharged into watersheds have increased over the period of time, which have led to the deteriorations of the qualities of major rivers in developing nations. Consequently, high densities of disease causing bacteria in the watersheds are regularly reported including incidences of emerging Vibrio fluvialis. Vibrio fluvialis infection remains among those infectious diseases posing a potentially serious threat to public health. This paper addresses the epidemiology of this pathogen; pathogenesis of its disease; and its clinical manifestations in humans

Aerobic dehalogenation activities of two petroleum degrading bacteria

Two petroleum degrading bacteria were screened for  2,4-dichlorophenyacetic acid (2,4-D) degrading abilities and assessed for their dechlorination potentials. The bacterial isolates were previously identified to be Corynebacterium sp. (SOGU16) and Achromobacter sp. (SOGU11). Axenic cultures of the isolates metabolise 2,4-D as the sole source of carbon and energy. The optimum pH for dioxygenase specific activities was between 7.6 and 8.0 and the optimum temperature was between 30 and 35°C. The cell-free extracts of the cultures in the 2,4-D demonstrated biological degradation of the 2,4-D compound. The observations made in this study are sufficient to conclude that the isolatesobtained have reasonable potentials for application in bioremediation of both petroleum and 2, 4-D contaminated sites

Regulatory mutations affecting the synthesis of cellulase in Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens, was cultured in basal medium containing carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) as inducer and glucose or glycerol as carbon and energy sources. Ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS) was used to mutagenize the wild-type organism to produce mutants. The isolated mutants were screened for the isolation of catabolite repression resistant mutants in the presence of 1% (w/v) glucose as carbon source. A total of fifty mutants were isolated. All the mutants produced cellulase in the presence of CMC as an inducer with specific activity of 0.057, 0.088 and 0.074 units/mg protein for the wild-type, catabolite repression resistant mutant4 (CRRmt4) and catabolite repression resistant mutant24 (CRRmt24), respectively. It was observed that addition of glucose or glycerol as carbon and energy sources to the culture medium resulted into considerable reduction in the cellulolytic activity. However, glycerol appeared to be a better carbon and energy source than glucose which inhibited enzyme expression in most of the strains used in this study. It was also observed that potent cellulase production occurred at the exponential growth phase of the organism. The isolated mutants were grouped into three classes based on their induction ratios namely; unimproved mutants, catabolite repression resistant mutants and mutants with highest induction ratio but sensitive to catabolite repression in the presence of high glucose concentration. The overall results obtained showed that cellulolytic activity in P. fluorescens was regulated by catabolite repression.Key words: Pseudomonas fluorescens, ethylmethanesulphonate, mutants, cellulose, catabolite repression, induction ratio.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (8), pp. 838-84

The aerobic dechlorination activities of two bacterial species isolated from a refuse dumpsite in Nigeria

Two bacterial species isolated using enrichment culture techniquesfrom the topsoil of a main refuse dumpsite in Nigeria were assessed for their dehalogenation potentials. The bacterial isolates were identified asbelo nging to the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera. Axenic culturesof the isolates utilized monochloroacetic acid (MCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trichloromethane (CHCl3) and tetrachloromethane (CCl4) as the sole source of carbon for growth up to a final substrate concentration of 0.1% (w/v). The mean generation timesof the isolatesin all the growth media ranged significantly (P < 0.05) from 2.41 to 10.04 h and were generally higher than that observed in glucose medium (1.46—1.51 h). The numbers of the chloride atoms in the different organochlorides were negatively correlated with the ability of the organisms to degrade the compounds. Dehalogenase specific activities of the cell-mediated culturesranged from 0.1 to 0.96 μg ml-1 chloride release (mg protein)-1 h-1 and were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the cell-free extract [0.09—0.8 μg ml-1 chloride release (mg protein)-1 h-1]. The optimal pH of the dehalogenase activity was found to be 8.0, and the optimal temperature was between 30 and 35°C