Simultaneous Code/Error-Trellis Reduction for Convolutional Codes Using Shifted Code/Error-Subsequences

In this paper, we show that the code-trellis and the error-trellis for a convolutional code can be reduced simultaneously, if reduction is possible. Assume that the error-trellis can be reduced using shifted error-subsequences. In this case, if the identical shifts occur in the subsequences of each code path, then the code-trellis can also be reduced. First, we obtain pairs of transformations which generate the identical shifts both in the subsequences of the code-path and in those of the error-path. Next, by applying these transformations to the generator matrix and the parity-check matrix, we show that reduction of these matrices is accomplished simultaneously, if it is possible. Moreover, it is shown that the two associated trellises are also reduced simultaneously.Comment: 5 pages, submitted to the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theor

Urban-Hinterland Interaction : Urban Wastes and the Ecosystem of Lake Suwa

Article信州大学理学部付属諏訪臨湖実験所報告 4: 1-8(1982)departmental bulletin pape

Studies on the Blooming of Microcystis aeruginosa II. : Rapid Accumulation of Phosphate by Microcystis aeruginosa.

The rapid accumulation of phosphate by Microcystis aeruginosa was studied. Gelatinous matter in which the cells were embeded could be dissolved with dilute HCl solution. Thus obtained extract contained a large quantity of phosphate. In the enrichment experiment of pond water with phosphate, M. aeruginosa accumulated phosphate linearly with time in the first 30 to 60 minutes and then reached the maximum. The rate of accumulation was also studied by means of P32 tracer technique. The accumulation rate was dependent on temperature, the optimum at about 30C. Colonies of M. aeruginosa could be divided into the supernatant and the precipitating parts by centrifugation. Both of the rate and the maximum amount of phosphate accumulation were higher in the former than the latter, i. e., three times in the rate and six times in the amounts. The vigorous growth of Microcystis seems to be caused by the rapid accumulation of phosphate into the algal colonies. It was suggested by a series of experiments by P32 that the gelatinous matter surrounding the cells should, play an important role in the accumulation of phosphate.Article信州大学理学部紀要 8(2): 135-145(1974)departmental bulletin pape

The Role of Mixing in the Mechanisms of Water Bloom by Microcystis spp.

Studies on the role of water mixing in the mechanisms of water bloom by Microcystis spp., which were composed from the three species, M. aeruginosa, M. viridis and M. wesenbergii, were conducted during the summer of 1983. Microcystis spp. are a species of blue-green algae that appears regularly in the summer in Lake Suwa, Japan. Centrifugation was used in order to separate Microcystis spp. from other phytoplankton. Thus, the floating part of the centrifugal tube was occupied by Microcystis spp. only, and the settling part was by other phytoplankton. It was clear from the experimental results of the present study that the Microcystis cells in the floating part were active in photosynthesis, while the cells in the settling part were less so. The results of the water mixing experiments showed that water mixing had a positive effect on the photosynthesis and on the growth of this algal population compared to non-mixing. At a mixing speed of 2.2 cm/sec, it was known to be an optimum condition for photosynthesis. The light saturation points changed by the mixing speeds, and were in the range of 10 to 20 Klux. It was concluded that the photosynthesis of the algal population was not inhibited under strong light in the summer season by forming the unique productive structure concentrated the algal colonies in the surface layer. However, a single colony was inhibited by a strong light of more than 20 Klux.Article信州大学理学部紀要 20(1): 89-100(1985)departmental bulletin pape

The population structure and the individual forms of Waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassips (Mart.) Solms, in Thailand.

Certain ecological characteristics of the Waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms population were studied in Thailand in 1982, in order to gain a basic knowledge for its use as a bio-resource in the future. The waters were eutrophic in the study area, where the Waterhyacinth population prospered. The biomass and the Leaf Area Index of Waterhyacinth population showed large values ranging from 1.18 to 2.32 kg d.w./㎡ and from 5.1 to 7.1 ㎡ /㎡ , retpectively. The diagram of the productive structure in a large biomass population was like the herb type of a terrestrial plant population. Among these populations, a high biomass population had low density, a small number of daughter stock and a large number of dead leaves, compared to small ones. The relationshp between the height and weight of an individual on semi-log coordinates growing in various places was linear (log(Weight) = -0.041 + 0.017(Heght)). Among these individuals, three types of individual forms were distinguished, i.e., population type, expansion type and land form type, respectively. Each type seems to play a different role in maintaining the population in each habitat.Article信州大学理学部紀要 21(1): 11-21(1986)departmental bulletin pape

Seasonal Distribution and Growth of Sphaerium (Musculium) japonicum (Bivalvia ; Sphaeriidae) in Lake Suwa, Japan

seasonal changes in the distribution and the growing characteristics of Sphaerium (Musculium) japonicum were investigated in Lake suwa from June 20 to November 11, 1993. The main distribution area of S. (Musculium) Japonicum transfered from the littoral zone to the lake center with increasing water temperature, and began to retransfer to the littoral zone with decreasing dissolved oxygen content of bottom water. Thereafter, their distribution in the lake was at random. The organic contents of bottom mud in Lake Suwa were 13.5-15.6%, but they were no influence on the movement of S. (Musculium) Japonicum. In vitro, their migration speed was 50 cm per hour at 16.9℃ water temperature (D. O. 7.52 mg/l), and their movement distance per minute corresponded to their shell length. All adults of S. (Musculium) japonicum were taken from June 21 to September 24 held juveniles inside them. The maximum size of the inside juveniles was 1.71 mm, and the minimum size of the outside adult was 1.59 mm. The young taken from the lake grew up to 1.92-2.12 mm in nature and to 2.25-2.55 mm in vitro after 100 days. The growth rate was 0.1 mm in one month in natural conditions, against 2 weeks in vitro. The living shells of juvenile decreased to 50% during 50 days in vitro, and after that remained stable for 50-100 days.Article信州大学理学部紀要 29(1): 49-56(1994)departmental bulletin pape

Dissolved Oxygen, Bloom of Microcystis and Susu-mizu of Summer-autumn Season in Lake Suwa

Vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll in summer-autumn season were determined in the offshore of Osaka in Lake Suwa. In mid-summer, when whole the surface of the lake was covered with blooming Microcystis, dissolved oxygen in the surface water layer could attain over-saturation to the utmost extent (160%). Late in August the amount of dissolved oxygen markedly decreased less than 90% saturation, in spite of a large amount of Microcystis existed. It might be related to the declining of the photosynthetic activity of the alga. Moreover, if drifting of the upper water containing a great part of Microcystis by wind (Susu-mizu) occurred, serious decrease of dissolved oxygen (less than 50% saturation) was observed. Wind and waves usually were not favorable to increase oxygen into the surface water. In such a situation carps cultured in the floating nets may be exposed to clanger of asphyxia unless a large amount of dissolved oxygen is supplied from surrounding water outside of the nets during the night. There was a relationship between the pH value and the saturation percentage of dissolved oxygen in the water of 0 to 2 m depth.Article信州大学理学部紀要 2(2): 139-148(1968)departmental bulletin pape

List of Animal and Plant Species Living in Lake Suwa

Article信州大学理学部紀要 10(2): 85-104(1976)departmental bulletin pape