Pattern of Ultrasound Scanning in Owerri South Eastern Nigeria

BACKGROUND: The gynaecologist is called upon daily to diagnose pelvic pathologies. Ultrasound is a useful, safe and widely used method of investigation of such problems.OBJECTIVE: To determine the indications and findings of pelvic ultrasound in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria.METHOD: Two hundred and fifty consecutive women referred for pelvic ultrasound in Owerri South Eastern Nigeria were examined by abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound.RESULTS: Most 148(59.2%) of the patients were nulliparous and majority 108(43.2%) were in the 30-39year age group. Doctors referred most 164(64%) of the patients, while 74(29.6%) were self referred. The most common indication was ‘to check the womb’ in 89(35.6%) of cases followed by threatened abortion in 30(12%) of patients. The most common post ultrasound diagnosis was ‘normal uterus’ in 111(44.4%) while fibromyoma was second with 41(16.4%) of patients. On the whole abnormalities were picked up in 36.4% of patients.CONCLUSION: We conclude that pelvic ultrasound even when not originating from the doctor should be encouraged because of the significant number of abnormalities detected. These could then be treated with greater success while they are still small

Maternal hiv positive sero-prevalence at delivery at a tertiary hospital in south-eastern Nigeria

Background Key Words: Maternal HIV positive sero-prevalence, delivery, birth sex ratio,Orlu.: The duo of HIV/AIDS infection has become a Global public health problem. This study was conducted to determine the maternal HIV positive seroprevalence at delivery at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the case records of women (both booked and unbooked) who tested positive to Human Immune-deficiency Virus at delivery at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH), Orlu from 1st May 2005 to 30th April 2010 was made. The biosocial, obstetric and fetal sex data were extracted and analysed. Results: The maternal HIV positive sero-prevalence at delivery was 6.9%. The highest sero prevalence rate of 42.4% occurred in the age group of 31-35years. Sixty three (68.5%) of the women were multiparous (para 1- 4). The male: female birth ratio was 1 : 1.42. Forty one (44.6%) of the women were unbooked. None of the women were symptomatic of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) on presentation. Conclusion: There is high maternal HIV seroprevalence at delivery at IMSUTH, Orlu. There should be improvement on interventions to reduce this ugly trend. There should also be early booking and adequate antenatal care services

Antenatal Care Booking Pattern at a Tertiary Hospital in South- Eastern Nigeria

No Abstract

Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women with sickle cell trait in Enugu, South Eastern Nigeria

Context: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy is a major risk factor for developing acute cystitis and pyelonephritis, especially, among women with sickle cell disease. This study compared the prevalence, pattern, and microbiological characteristics of ASB in pregnancy between sickle cell trait (HbAS) and normal hemoglobin AA(HbAA) genotype subjects.Materials and Methods: Culture and sensitivity of mid‑stream urine samples were collected from 300 HbAS women and 300 matched HbAA control at the antenatal clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria from August 2010 to December 2011. Analysis was both descriptive and inferential at 95% confidence levels.Results: Prevalence of ASB in HbAS and HbAA women were 32.7% (98/300) and 32% (96/300) respectively (odd ratio (OR) =1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73, 1.45]). Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated in both the HbAS group (56.1%, 55/98) and control group (61.4%, 59/96), (OR = 0.80 [95% CI 0.45, 1.42]). The  antibiotics with the highest microbial sensitivity were ciprofloxacin 90.8% (89/98) and gentamicin 100% (98/98) for HbAS and HbAA women respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence of ASB in pregnant women with HbAS in Enugu, Nigeria was high and did not vary significantly from that of woman with HbAA. Therefore, pregnant women irrespective of their sickle cell status would benefit from routine screening for ASB.Key words: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Enugu‑Nigeria, pregnant women, sickle cell trai

Effect of Dietary Pumpkin Stem Waste on Haematological Indices, Meat and Serum Lipid Profiles of Rabbits

This study evaluated the effect of different supplementary dietary levels of pumpkin stem waste (PSW) on the haematological indices, meat and serum lipid profile of rabbits. Three experimental feed regime:D1 (control), basal feed+ 0% PSW; D2,basal feed + 5% PSW and D3, basal feed + 10% PSW were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups in a 3x2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design experiment. The PSW percentage were offered on rabbit weight basis. Thirty six (18 males and 18 females) crossbred (California x New Zealand white) weaned rabbits aged 6 and 7 weeks were divided into three treatment groups of 12 rabbits each with 4 rabbits per replicate (2 females and 2 males) and randomly allotted to the three dietary treatments. At the end of 12 weeks feeding trial( prior to slaughtering), blood samples were collected from 6 rabbits (3 males and 3 females) per treatment totalling 18 rabbits and used to determine the serum lipid profile and haematological blood indices. Similarly, breast meat sample was used to determined lipid profile. Results obtained showed that while red blood cell (RBC),haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV),Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration MCHC increased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary PSW. White blood cell (WBC) and MCHC however showed no significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments groups. Lipid profile of both serum and meat indicated that HDL increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in PSW while total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Diet by sex interaction showed that male rabbits recorded significantly different (P<0.05) values from their female counterparts in all the blood and meat lipid parameters assessed. These results suggest that pumpkin stem waste is hypolipidaemic therefore could lower rabbits’ meat cholesterol and improve blood constituents

Maternal Mortality In Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu: A Fiveyear Review

Background: A maternal death is a calamity particularly for the immediate family members. Maternal mortality ratio is high in most developing countries. Although many studies have been carried out on maternal mortality in many parts of Nigeria there is a dearth of information on maternal mortality ratio in Imo State. The establishment of a teaching hospital in Orlu in the year 2004 afforded us the opportunity to determine the maternal mortality ratio in a tertiary centre in Imo State.Objective: To determine the maternal mortality ratio and causes of maternal deaths in Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH) Orlu.Method: This is a retrospective study of maternal deaths between 1 January 2005 and December 31 2009.Result: Thirty seven maternal deaths occurred during the period of the study giving a maternal mortality ratio of 9,809 in unbooked patients, 118 in booked patients and 3,038 per 100,000 in all patients combined. The major causes of death were puerperal sepsis(20.6%) ,obstructed labour(17.6%),severe preeclampsia and eclampsia (14.7%) and abortion related cases (14.7%). Haemorrhage was the cause of death in one (2.9%) patient. Primigravida were the most vulnerable group accounting for 32.4% of all deaths.Conclusion: The tragedy of maternal death continues unabated. Most deaths were avoidable. The government needs to show strong commitment to reducing maternal mortality. Measures suggested include free maternity services, legalisation of abortion, training of midwives, improved family planning services and strategic siting of emergency obstetric service centres.Keywords: maternal mortality, tertiary centre, Orlu, Nigeri

Unbooked Status: A Predictor of Adverse Perinatal Outcome in HIV Positive Women at a Tertiary Hospital in the South Eastern Nigeria

Background: The scourge of HIV infection in developing countries has continued to rise at an alarming rate. This has serious health, economic and social consequences on the society. Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the effect of non-attendance of antenatal care on perinatal outcome of HIV positive pregnant women at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH), Orlu. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the case records of women (both booked and unbooked) who tested positive to Human Immune-deficiency Virus and the perinatal outcome at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH), Orlu from 1 May 2005 to 30 April 2010 was made. The biosocial, obstetric and perinatal outcome data were extracted and analysed. Result: The maternal HIV positive sero-prevalence at delivery was 6.9%. The highest sero prevalence rate of 42.4% occurred in the age group of 31-35years. Sixty-three (68.5%) of the women were para 1-4. Unbooked status significantly contributed to perinatal morbidity and mortality: 13 (92.9%) of the low birth weights, 15 (71. 4%) of the still birth/IUFD, 4 (80.0%) of the birth asphyxia and 9 (81.8%) of the preterm babies. None of the women was symptomatic on presentation. Conclusion: The high maternal HIV positive seroprevalence with its associated poor perinatal outcome seen more in unbooked women in this study calls for interventions that would reduce maternal morbidity and improve perinatal outcome. The interventions that include intermittent preventive therapy for malaria, good nutrition and antiretroviral therapy must receive serious attention, which can be provided by early booking and adequate antenatal care services. Key Words: Maternal HIV, unbooked status, perinatal outcome, Orlu

Human Immuno-Defiency Virus Antibody Seroprevalence among Pregnant Women at Booking at a Univesity Teaching Hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria

No Abstract

Egg Quality Of Gallus domesticus Under Domestic Storage In Nigeria

No Abstract. Animal Research International Vol. 2 (2) 2005 pp. 319-32

Wound Infection following Caesarean Section in a University Teaching Hospital in South-East Nigeria

Background: Caesarean section is a common operation in obstetric practice, but there is a general aversion to caesarean section amongst Nigerian women due to a myriad of reasons amongst which are its associated morbidity and mortality. Surgical site infection following caesarean section is both a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and the wide spread aversion to caesarean delivery in our environment.Objective: To determine the risk factors for surgical site infection following caesarean section as well as the relative contribution of each of the risk factors at the Anambra State University Teaching Hospital, (ANSUTH) Awka.Methodology: A retrospective case controlled study of patients delivered by caesarean section in Amaku General Hospital now ANSUTH from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2011. The cases were the patients whose caesarean sections were complicated by surgical site infections, while those without surgical site wound infection served as controls. The hospital records were compared.Results: Five hundred and nine patients with complete records were analyzed. Fifty-six (56) patients (11%) had complicating wound infection. Statistically significant risk factors for infection were: body mass index >25 (p=0.003), prolonged rupture of membranes (p=0.0003), prolonged operation time (p=0.0011), anaemia (p=0.0009) and blood transfusion (p<0.0001), multiple vaginal examinations during labour (p<0.0001) and long duration of labour prior to caesarean section (p<0.0001).Conclusion: To make caesarean section more acceptable to women in our environment, efforts should be concentrated on strategies to prevent the risk factors.Keywords: Awka, caesarean section, infectio