Dampak Keberadaan Indomaret terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Pedagang Pasar Tradisional di Kelurahan Terjun Kecamatan Medan Marelan

The research aims to find out how much of an impact since the existence Indomaret outlets in the city field, particularly in sub-urban terrain Marelan plunge towards the existing wholesalers around the traditional market. In fact the existence of traditional markets is uneven and there were so many, and is very close to the traditional market in particular wholesaler. Giving rise to concerns of the wholesalers themselves. Place researchers doing research there are some problems related to competition, seemed to have stood 4 Indomaret outlets were located very close to the wholesaler or Indomaret itself. The condition causes many consumers are turning to shopping digerai Indomaret, but before the establishment of the booth, consumers do their shopping at a wholesaler. The techniques with descriptive methods - that is, with reference to qualitative research strategies, such as in-depth interviews (deep interview) and reporting and collection of data through observation of their activities observed. Descriptive Methodology - Qualitative allow researchers to analyze the effects produced by the presence of Indomaret outlets to wholesalers, as well as permission to build a store in the city Indomaret field. This study lead to the conclusion that there are many impacts of development Indomaret outlets around the traditional market and around the wholesaler. The existence of modern aka mini branded stores Indomaret in northern Sumatra, especially field, is no longer a new story. Residents have started to get used to shopping on network franchises. Unfortunately, as it was a small trader from marginalized sampa some even folded. Impression traditional markets are hot, chaotic, dirty, muddy, unsafe because many pickpockets are very contradictory dengam store modern air conditioning market, comfortable, service, independently and quickly and relatively safe from pickpockets. This condition is a serious threat to the survival of small businesses and medium-sized traders. The presence of shopping centers like malls and shopping centers in its class has now mushroomed in Indonesia and has changed the mindset of Indonesian people to shop in Indonesia

Implikasi Perubahan Tarif Dana Reboisasi dan Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan terhadap Laba Pemegang Konsesi Hutan dan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak: Studi Kasus Hutan Alam Produksi di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia

Merosotnya produksi kayu bulat hutan alam menekan penurunan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) sektor kehutanan. Untuk mengantisipasi penurunan PNBP pemerintah berusaha menaikkan besarnya tarif Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan (PSDH) dan Dana Reboisasi (DR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implikasi per- ubahan tarif DR dan PSDH terhadap laba pemegang ijin UPHHK-HA dan PNBP sektor kehutanan, serta potensi pemanfaatan kayu limbah pembalakan sebagai sumber tambahan PNBP sektor kehutanan. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan meliputi: 1) biaya pengelolaan hutan; 2) harga kayu bulat dan 3) limbah pembalakan. Data biaya pe- ngelolaan hutan dan harga kayu bulat diperoleh dari hasil pencatatan dokumen dan wawancara dengan pengelola hutan, sedangkan data limbah pembalakan diperoleh berdasarkan pengukuran di lapangan. Hasil kajian menun- jukkan Perubahan tarif DR dan PSDH secara berbarengan menyebabkan perolehan laba Perusahaan menurun se- besar 22,3%, sedangkan perolehan PNBP meningkat sebesar 29,7%. Hasil kajian menyarankan: 1) kebijakan ke- naikan tarif DR dapat langsung diberlakukan, sementara penetapan harga kayu bulat di Tempat Pengumpulan Kayu (TPn) perlu didasarkan pada suatu metode penetapan yang rasional dan 2) Perubahan tarif DR dan PSDH perlu mempertimbangkan besarnya limbah pembalakan di hutan

In vitro induction of rat liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening by solvent extracts of Momordica charantia leaves

Alteration of mitochondrial functions such as permeability transition (PT), a process associated with the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, has been found to play a vital role in the apoptotic process induced by certain anti-cancer agents. When triggered, PT facilitates the release of mitochondrial apoptogenic proteins which in turn activate the caspase cascade of apoptosis. Thus, this study investigated the in vitro effects of varying concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/ml) of different leaf extracts [Crude Water-Soluble Extract (CWSE), Decoction (DE) and Methanol Extract (ME)] of Momordica charantia (M. charantia), a purported anti-cancer plant of the family Cucurbitaceae on normal rat liver mitochondria. Opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MMPTP) was spectrophotometrically assayed under succinate-energized condition. Results obtained showed concentration-dependent and significant (P<0.05) increases in the extents to which MMPTP opening was induced by the three extract types when compared with the control group. Inductions caused by CWSE and DE increased with increasing concentrations while those caused by ME decreased with increasing concentrations, giving the maximum induction at 1.0 mg/ml (8.1-fold increase) of CWSE and the least induction at 1.0 mg/ml (4.3-fold increase) of ME, respectively. Spermine, a reference inhibitor of MMPTP opening, reversed all observed openings. These results indicate that the tested leaf extracts of M. charantia are potent (CWSE being the most potent) MMPTP opening inducers and the pathway by which M. charantia causes apoptosis in cancer cells is probably mitochondrial-mediated (intrinsic).Keywords: Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MMPTP), Momordica charantia, Apoptosis, Spermine

Extended Formulations in Mixed-integer Convex Programming

We present a unifying framework for generating extended formulations for the polyhedral outer approximations used in algorithms for mixed-integer convex programming (MICP). Extended formulations lead to fewer iterations of outer approximation algorithms and generally faster solution times. First, we observe that all MICP instances from the MINLPLIB2 benchmark library are conic representable with standard symmetric and nonsymmetric cones. Conic reformulations are shown to be effective extended formulations themselves because they encode separability structure. For mixed-integer conic-representable problems, we provide the first outer approximation algorithm with finite-time convergence guarantees, opening a path for the use of conic solvers for continuous relaxations. We then connect the popular modeling framework of disciplined convex programming (DCP) to the existence of extended formulations independent of conic representability. We present evidence that our approach can yield significant gains in practice, with the solution of a number of open instances from the MINLPLIB2 benchmark library.Comment: To be presented at IPCO 201