Environmental and social issues in coastal aquaculture

Aquaculture has grown rapidly in the recent years and has promise for further potential growth. This rapid expansion was possibly because of the growing demand for aquatic products and the failure of the global capture fishery, which has been exploited, to or beyond its potential. When the global catch statistics remains standstill between 80-100 million metric tons per year, the global aquaculture production is registering an overwhelming annual growth of 8-14% producing between 20-25 million tons per year. Of the aquaculture practices, coastal shrimp farming has registered the maximum growth of about 400% in the last decade. The two factors resulting to its boom were the increasing demand for Indian shrimp and the improved farming technique

CIFE-Status Paper on women in fisheries

Women depend on fishery resources for food, work, income and identity, especially, to nurture their children. Yet, they tend to have less control than men over these resources and the associated wealth. Initiatives in fisheries management and fisheries conservation are rarely scrutinized for their potential impacts on women. The World Wide Fund presented discussion on the proposal for a Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) development, which is believed to share this weakness. The MSC ignores the complex realities of women's work, its diversity and the differing places they occupy in fish product markets. An examination is made for the implications of the proposed MSC by considering its potential impacts on access to fish and its consumption among different groups of women. (Neis, -B.l. 1996) Women participate in fisheries in different ways in different sectors

Commodity diversification and geographic concentration of Indian seafood exports

Indian fisheries sector plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the country, in view of its potential contribution to national income, nutritional security, employment opportunities, social objectives and export earnings

Socio-economic parameters for impact assessment studies

Sorenson and McCreary defined coastal zone as the interface or transition zone where part of the land is affected by its proximity to the sea and where part of the ocean is affected by its proximity to the land in an area in which the processes depending on the interaction between land and sea are more intense. The coastal zone comprises a narrow strip of coastal low land and vast areas of coastal waters. It constitutes 10 percent of the oceans but more than 50 percent of the oceans biological productivity

Eco-friendly fisheries extension policy

Fisheries are a new profession, which has evolved after a scarcity of fish, was observed in the ocean because of over exploitation of fish from open water bodies. Development has, as such, neglected fisheries, and has concentrated on engineering and agricultural development. As a result over last five decades land based development got saturated. Over exploitation of these resources also had damaged the water-based resources, which might have been neglected because of ignorance. Modern fisheries also have also become intensive. This may again affect the environment. Considering this, fisheries extension policy needs to be developed in such a way that the adverse effects caused by industry and agricu ltu re neither effect fisheries nor fisheries damages the environment. Along with that Fisheries Extension should also adopt the modern approaches of extensio

Wireless sensor data security

Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is a network of sensors deployed in places unsuitable for human beings and where constant monitoring is required. They work with low power, low cost smart devices having limited computing resources. They have a crucial role to play in battle surveillance, border control and infrastructure protection. Keeping in view the precious data they transmit, their security from active or passive attacks is very crucial. We came to know about LOCK model implementing novel Distributed Key Management Exclusion Basis (EBS) System is very efficient in providing with Network Security. Keeping in view the importance of Data Security we preferred to secure WSN data through Public Key Encryption methods like RSA. We also discussed and implemented Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and its advantages over RSA. However our novel Spiral Encryption Technique implemented along with ECC algorithm, has shown how it helped in making the transmitted message more secure and less informative for the eavesdropper

Proximity-induced supercurrent through topological insulator based nanowires for quantum computation studies

Proximity induced superconducting energy gap in the surface states of topological insulators has been predicted to host the much wanted Majorana fermions for fault tolerant quantum computation. Recent theoretically proposed architectures for topological quantum computation via Majoranas are based on large networks of Kitaevs one dimensional quantum wires, which pose a huge experimental challenge in terms of scalability of the current single nanowire based devices. Here, we address this problem by realizing robust superconductivity in junctions of fabricated topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanowires proximity coupled to conventional s wave superconducting W electrodes. Milling technique possesses great potential in fabrication of any desired shapes and structures at nanoscale level, and therefore can be effectively utilized to scale up the existing single nanowire based design into nanowire based network architectures. We demonstrate the dominant role of ballistic topological surface states in propagating the long range proximity induced superconducting order with high IcRN product in long Bi2Se3 junctions. Large upper critical magnetic fields exceeding the Chandrasekhar Clogston limit suggests the existence of robust superconducting order with spin triplet cooper pairing. An unconventional inverse dependence of IcRN product on the width of the nanowire junction was also observed.Comment: 12 page

The ionizing sources of luminous compact HII regions in the RCW106 and RCW122 clouds

Given the rarity of young O star candidates, compact HII regions embedded in dense molecular cores continue to serve as potential sites to peer into the details of high-mass star formation. To uncover the ionizing sources of the most luminous and compact HII regions embedded in the RCW106 and RCW122 giant molecular clouds, known to be relatively nearby (2-4 kpc) and isolated, thus providing an opportunity to examine spatial scales of a few hundred to a thousand AU in size. High spatial resolution (0.3"), mid-infrared spectra (R=350), including the fine structure lines [ArIII] and [NeII], were obtained for four luminous compact HII regions, embedded inside the dense cores within the RCW106 and RCW122 molecular cloud complexes. At this resolution, these targets reveal point-like sources surrounded by nebulosity of different morphologies, uncovering details at spatial dimensions of <1000AU. The point-like sources display [ArIII] and [NeII] lines - the ratios of which are used to estimate the temperature of the embedded sources. The derived temperatures are indicative of mid-late O type objects for all the sources with [ArIII] emission. Previously known characteristics of these targets from the literature, including evidence of disk or accretion suggest that the identified sources may grow more to become early-type O stars by the end of the star formation process

Diabetes and kidney cancer: A direct or indirect association?

A positive association between diabetes and kidney cancer has been reported in several investigations, but it is unclear whether diabetes or its complications account for this association. Recent advances in estimating direct associations may be useful for elucidating the association between diabetes and kidney cancer. Therefore, we performed a case-control analysis to evaluate whether the direct association between diabetes and kidney cancer is the primary concern in this exposure-outcome relation. Discharge data (with International Classification of Diseases &#x2013; 9 codes) from 2001 for hospitals throughout Florida were used to construct a case-control population of inpatients aged &#x2265;45 years. Cases (n=1,909) were inpatients with malignant kidney cancer and controls (n=6,451) were inpatients with motor vehicle injuries. Diabetes status was ascertained for cases and controls. Covariates that required adjustment to estimate the total (age, gender, ethnicity, obesity, and smoking) and direct (age, gender, ethnicity, obesity, smoking, hypertension, and kidney disease) associations were identified in a directed acyclic graph. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted total and direct odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of kidney cancer for diabetics. The odds of kidney cancer were higher for inpatients with diabetes than inpatients without diabetes when estimating the total association (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.47) but attenuated when estimating the direct association (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 0.93, 1.25). Our findings provide preliminary insight that the direct association between diabetes and kidney cancer may not be the primary concern in this exposure-outcome relation; indirect pathways (i.e. diabetic complications) may have greater influence on this relation. A similar analysis using longitudinal data with appropriately measured covariates may provide more definitive conclusions and could have implications for kidney cancer prevention among diabetics