430 research outputs found
A New Measure of Distributive Justice by Data Envelopment Analysis
Traditionally, distributive justice has been measured with multiple question items to which respondents indicate the degree to which their working situation corresponds with those described in the question items. This article proposes an alternative method to measure distributive justice, using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. We apply an efficiency measure calculated in DEA for the inputs/outcomes ratio to judge distributive justice in the organization. Using the data collected from accounting workers who live in the Tokyo metropolitan area, the results of correlation analysis show that this new measure of distributive justice has significant positive correlations with all three satisfaction variables in a male sample, and with one satisfaction variable in a female sample, providing some justification for using this new variable as a measure of distributive justice
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Light-Driven Dynamic Adhesion on Photosensitized Nematic Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.
In liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), the internal mechanical loss increases around the nematic-isotropic phase transition and remains high all through the nematic phase, originating from the internal orientational relaxation related to the so-called "soft elasticity". Because the viscoelastic dissipation of the materials affects their adhesion properties, the nematic-isotropic phase transition can cause dramatic changes in the adhesion strength. Although the phase transitions can generally be induced by heat, here, we demonstrate the light-driven transition in dynamic adhesion in dye-doped nematic LCE. The special dye is chosen to efficiently generate local heat on light absorption. The adhesion strength is lowered with fine tunability depending on the light power, which governs the effective local temperature and through that the viscoelastic damping of the system. We demonstrate the light-assisted dynamic control of adhesion in a 90°-peel test and in pick-and-release of objects, which may lead to the development of stimuli-responsive adhesive systems with fine spatio-temporal controls.ERC H2020 Advanced grant No: 786659
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Dynamic Manipulation of Friction in Smart Textile Composites of Liquid-Crystal Elastomers
Smart surfaces that reversibly change the interfacial friction coefficients
in response to external stimuli enable a wide range of applications, such as
grips, seals, brake pads, packaging films, and fabrics. Here a new concept of
such a smart frictional system is reported: a composite film of a plain-weave
polyester textile sheet, and a thermo-responsive nematic liquid crystalline
elastomer (LCE). The composite is deployed with retractable micro-undulations
of the elastomer inside each weave mesh, enabling dramatic changes of the
contact interface with the opposing surface on LCE actuation, which is induced
e.g. by a change in temperature (T). At ambient T, the protruding viscoelastic
parts of LCE in the nematic phase make contact with the opposing flat surface,
resulting in a very high friction. At an elevated T (50C, isotropic phase), the
undulations of LCE surface are retracted within the thickness of the textile,
and the contacts are limited to small regions around overlapping textile
fibers, lowering the friction dramatically. This effect is fully reversible on
heating/cooling cycles. The surface undulations are spontaneous, i.e.
fabricated without any lithographic or alignment techniques. The present
composite opens a new way to practical uses of sheets/films with switchable
friction enabled by stimuli-responsive LCEs.ERC H2020 AdG No. 786659
JSPS KAKENHI under Grant No. JP17K1886
Buckling of swelling gels
The patterns arising from the differential swelling of gels are investigated
experimentally and theoretically as a model for the differential growth of
living tissues. Two geometries are considered: a thin strip of soft gel clamped
to a stiff gel, and a thin corona of soft gel clamped to a disk of stiff gel.
When the structure is immersed in water, the soft gel swells and bends out of
plane leading to a wavy periodic pattern which wavelength is measured. The
linear stability of the flat state is studied in the framework of linear
elasticity using the equations for thin plates. The flat state is shown to
become unstable to oscillations above a critical swelling rate and the computed
wavelengths are in quantitative agreement with the experiment
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