Prepapillary Vascular Loop Associated with Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous

A 66-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of retinal vessel abnormality. She had no visual symptoms. The anterior segment showed a retrolental opacity in her right eye. Fundus examination showed a bilateral prepapillary vascular loop associated with PHPV in her right eye. Prepapillary vascular loops were present in both eyes, although they were much more prominent in the right eye. To our knowledge, there are no reports of prepapillary vascular loops associated with PHPV

日本人に最適化した緑内障画像自動診断システムの確立

共焦点走査型レーザー眼底検査(HRT II)による日本人の視神経乳頭の解析平成15年に実施した緑内障検診の1173人を解析した結果、検診受診者の平均視神経乳頭面積は2.30±0.50mm^2であった。過去の白人のデータより大きく人種による差があることが明らかとなった。日本人データベースによる緑内障解析平成15年に施行した緑内障検診受診者1173人2345眼のうち、要精査となった2次検診受診者251入502眼の中でHRTIIおよびハンフリー視野検査の信頼性の高い327眼に限定し、得られたHRT画像を日本人データベースのMoorfields回帰解析(MRA)で感度・特異度を算出し、白人のデータベースと比較検討した。MRAの感度/特異度はoutside normal limitsのみを異常とした場合は白人データベースで55.7%・80.5%、日本人データベースで54.1%・82.3%であり,borderlineおよびoutside normal limitsを異常とした場合は白人データベースで72.1%・54.1%、日本人データベースで72.1%/56.8%であり、診断能力の明らかな改善は得られなかった。また、HRTIIに新たに搭載されたGlaucoma Probability Score(GPS)でも同様の検討を行った。GPSの感度/特異度はoutside normal limitsのみを異常とした場合は白人データベースで83.6%・39.1%、日本人データベースで70.5%・46.6%であり、borderlineおよびoutside normal limitsを異常とした場合は白人データベースで90.2%・14.3%、日本人データベースで80.3%・35.7%であった。日本人データベースを用いた場合、GPSの結果は白人データベースを用いた場合に比べて、特異度は改善するが、感度は低下した。Japanese optic disc analysis by the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II)As a result of analyzing 1,173 people of the glaucoma screening that we carried out in 2003, the average optic disc area of participants was 2.3±0.50mm^2.It became clear that there was a difference between races in optic disc area and that of Japanese was larger than that of Caucasian by past reports.The performance of HRT II using Japanese databaseTwo hundred and fifty-one subjects (502 eyes) who were suspected to have glaucoma in community health screening were examined by a slit lamp biomicroscopic examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, Humphrey Automated Perimetry Central 30-2 program, gonioscopy and optic nerve head evaluation. (Definitive Examination)We determined the sensitivity and specificity of Moorefield\u27s regression analysis (MRA) and Glaucoma probability score classification (GPSC) about 327 HRT images, from which possess higher reliability in Humphrey perimetry and HRT image quality in definitive examination results.When treating the "borderline" outcomes as test negative, MRA sensitivity and specificity using Japanese database was 54.1% and 82.3%, GPSC sensitivity and specificity was 70.5% and 46.6%. MRA sensitivity and specificity using Caucasian database was 55.7% and 80.5%, GPSC sensitivity and specificity was 83.6% and 39.1%. When treating the "borderline" outcomes as test positive, MRA sensitivity and specificity using Japanese database was 72.1% and 56.8%, GPSC sensitivity and specificity was 80.3% and 35.7%. MRA sensitivity and specificity using Caucasian database was 72.1% and 54.1%, GPSC sensitivity and specificity was 90.2% and 14.3%.The screening efficacy of MRA did not differ between Japanese database and Caucasian database. When using Japanese database compared with Caucasian database, specificity of GPSC was improved, but the sensitivity of GPSC was decreased.研究課題/領域番号:18591910, 研究期間(年度):2006-2007出典：「日本人に最適化した緑内障画像自動診断システムの確立」研究成果報告書　課題番号18591910 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）)　　　本文データは著者版報告書より作

Differentiation by imaging of superior segmental optic hypoplasia and normal-tension glaucoma with inferior visual field defects only

Purpose: To differentiate superior segmental optic hypoplasia (SSOH) from normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) with inferior visual field defects only. Methods: Eighteen eyes with SSOH (SSOH group) and 19 eyes with NTG (NTG group) were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), Heidelberg retina tomography (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II, HRT II) and standard automated perimetry. Results: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) based on OCT measurements was significantly reduced (thinner) in the superior to superonasal sectors and significantly greater (thicker) in the inferotemporal sector in the SSOH group than in the NTG group. The cup was significantly smaller and the rim significantly larger in the superotemporal and temporal sectors in the SSOH group than in the NTG group based on HRT II measurements. The greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for discrimination of SSOH from NTG by OCT and HRT II was for the RNFLT ratio of 1 + 2 o\u27clock/10 + 11 o\u27clock (0.985) and for the ratio of the superonasal to superotemporal sector of rim to disc area ratio and cup to disc area ratio (0.955), respectively. The frequent location of the inferior visual field defects corresponded to the difference in structural changes in both groups. Conclusions: Comparison of the superonasal to superotemporal sectors by OCT and HRT II were useful in differentiating SSOH from NTG with only inferior visual field defects. © 2012 Japanese Ophthalmological Society

Nazım Hikmet'in vatan hainliği

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: Nazım Hikmet. Not: Gazetenin "Tersi Yüzü" köşesinde yayımlanmıştır.İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Influence of pneumonia complications on the prognosis of patients with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer\u27s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia

BackgroundPneumonia is a major, complicated disease in patients with dementia. However, the influence of pneumonia on the prognosis of patients with varying types of dementia has not been fully evaluated.ResultsOf the 157 eligible patients, 63 (40.1%) had AD, 42 (26.8%) had DLB, and 52 (33.1%) had VaD. Pneumonia complication was observed with high incidence in each subtype of dementia, especially in DLB (90.5%). The median total duration from dementia onset to death was 8 years in AD and DLB, and 5 years in VaD. The VaD subtype had more male patients than AD or DLB (P = 0.010), and age of death in this group was the youngest among the three groups (P = 0.018). A significant difference was observed in the survival time by the Kaplan–Meier method among the three groups (P < 0.001) and among the groups with pneumonia (P = 0.002). The factors associated with shorter survival time were male gender, pneumonia complications, diabetes mellitus, age of dementia onset ≥ 75 years, and VaD.ConclusionsPneumonia complications shortened the survival time of patients with AD, DLB, and VaD

The effect of concentric constriction of the visual field to 10 and 15 degrees on simulated motor vehicle accidents

金沢大学附属病院眼科Purpose: Traffic accidents are associated with the visual function of drivers, as well as many other factors. Driving simulator systems have the advantage of controlling for traffic- and automobile-related conditions, and using pinhole glasses can control the degree of concentric concentration of the visual field. We evaluated the effect of concentric constriction of the visual field on automobile driving, using driving simulator tests. Methods: Subjects meeting criteria for normal eyesight were included in the study. Pinhole glasses with variable aperture sizes were adjusted to mimic the conditions of concentric visual field constrictions of 10° and 15°, using a CLOCK CHART®. The test contained 8 scenarios (2 oncoming right-turning cars and 6 jump-out events from the side). Results: Eighty-eight subjects were included in the study; 37(mean age = 52.9±15.8 years) subjects were assigned to the 15° group, and 51 (mean = 48.6±15.5 years) were assigned to the 10° group. For all 8 scenarios, the number of accidents was significantly higher among pinhole wearing subjects. The average number of all types of accidents per person was significantly higher in the pinhole 10° group (4.59±1.81) than the pinhole 15° group (3.68±1.49) (P = 0.032). The number of accidents associated with jump-out scenarios, in which a vehicle approaches from the side on a straight road with a good view, was significantly higher in the pinhole 10° group than in the pinhole 15° group. Conclusions: Concentric constriction of the visual field was associated with increased number of traffic accidents. The simulation findings indicated that a visual field of 10° to 15° may be important for avoiding collisions in places where there is a straight road with a good view. © 2018 Udagawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Recent Results from LHD Experiment with Emphasis on Relation to Theory from Experimentalist’s View

he Large Helical Device (LHD) has been extending an operational regime of net-current free plasmas towardsthe fusion relevant condition with taking advantage of a net current-free heliotron concept and employing a superconducting coil system. Heating capability has exceeded 10 MW and the central ion and electron temperatureshave reached 7 and 10 keV, respectively. The maximum value of β and pulse length have been extended to 3.2% and 150 s, respectively. Many encouraging physical findings have been obtained. Topics from recent experiments, which should be emphasized from the aspect of theoretical approaches, are reviewed. Those are (1) Prominent features in the inward shifted configuration, i.e., mitigation of an ideal interchange mode in the configuration with magnetic hill, and confinement improvement due to suppression of both anomalous and neoclassical transport, (2) Demonstration ofbifurcation of radial electric field and associated formation of an internal transport barrier, and (3) Dynamics of magnetic islands and clarification of the role of separatrix