Manin's and Peyre's conjectures on rational points and adelic mixing

Let X be the wonderful compactification of a connected adjoint semisimple group G defined over a number field K. We prove Manin's conjecture on the asymptotic (as T\to \infty) of the number of K-rational points of X of height less than T, and give an explicit construction of a measure on X(A), generalizing Peyre's measure, which describes the asymptotic distribution of the rational points G(K) on X(A). Our approach is based on the mixing property of L^2(G(K)\G(A)) which we obtain with a rate of convergence.Comment: to appear in Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Su

Costs of infrastructure deficiencies in manufacturing in Indonesia, Nigeria, and Thailand

Using fresh results from a sample survey of manufacturing establishments in Indonesia and Thailand, the authors contrast and compare with data from an earlier study on Nigeria. They compare especially: the extent and incidence of public infrastructure deficiencies; the extent of manufacturers'private provision of infrastructure in response to such deficiencies; the capital shares of various private infrastructure investments, including electric power, water, telecommunications, transport, and waste disposal; and the firms'costs for producing their own electricity and water. The extent of public infrastructure deficiencies and private provision of infrastructure services varies across countries and by firm size. The total share of capital investment in private infrastructure was similar among Nigerian and Indonesian firms (14 - 16 percent) which is twice that in Thai firms. The private costs of infrastructure deficiencies are substantial and the burdens are much greater on small firms than on large firms.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Decentralization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Water and Industry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agricultural Research,Urban Services to the Poor,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform

Potential for promoting recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration by remote delivery of viral gene therapy

Objectives/Hypothesis: The aims of this study were to demonstrate the ability to enhance nerve regeneration by remote delivery of a viral vector to the crushed recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), to demonstrate the usefulness of a crushed RLN model to test the efficacy of viral gene therapy, and to discuss future potential applications of this approach. Study Design: Animal study. Methods: Adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to two groups. In the experimental group, an adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector carrying a zinc‐finger transcription factor, which stimulates endogenous insulinlike growth factor I production (AAV2‐TO‐6876vp16), was injected into the crushed RLN. In the control group, an AAV vector carrying the gene for green fluorescent protein was injected into the crushed RLN. Unilateral RLN paralysis was confirmed endoscopically. At 1 week, laryngeal endoscopies were repeated and recorded. Larynges were cryosectioned in 15‐μm sections and processed for acetylcholine histochemistry (motor endplates) followed by neurofilament immunoperoxidase (nerve fibers). Percentage nerve‐endplate contact (PEC) was determined and compared. Vocal fold motion was evaluated by blinded reviewers using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The difference between PEC on the crushed and uncrushed sides was statistically less in the experimental group (0.54 ± 0.18 vs. 0.30 ± 0.26, P = .0006). The VAS score at 1 week was significantly better in the experimental group ( P = .002). Conclusions: AAV2‐TO‐6876vp16 demonstrated a neurotrophic effect when injected into the crushed RLN. The RLN offers a conduit for viral gene therapy to the brainstem that could be useful for the treatment of RLN injury or bulbar motor neuron disease.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90195/1/22436_ftp.pd

Alternative Stacking Sequences in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

The relative orientation of successive sheets, i.e. the stacking sequence, in layered two-dimensional materials is central to the electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of the material. Often different stacking sequences have comparable cohesive energy, leading to alternative stable crystal structures. Here we theoretically and experimentally explore different stacking sequences in the van der Waals bonded material hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). We examine the total energy, electronic bandgap, and dielectric response tensor for five distinct high symmetry stacking sequences for both bulk and bilayer forms of h-BN. Two sequences, the generally assumed AA' sequence and the relatively unknown (for h-BN) AB (Bernal) sequence, are predicted to have comparably low energy. We present a scalable modified chemical vapor deposition method that produces large flakes of virtually pure AB stacked h-BN; this new material complements the generally available AA' stacked h-BN