Synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of Schiff Bases of Imesatin and Isatin derivatives

A series of new Schiff bases of Imesatin and Isatin derivatives which have been previously prepared from the reaction of Hydrazine monohydrate, p-phenylenediamine and 4,4- diaminodiphenylmethane with Isatin were reported. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, UV-visible, Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopic analyses. The synthesized Schiff bases were obtained in moderate to excellent yields between 55.3 – 89.3%. Infrared spectra of all synthesized compounds contain the characteristic azomethine linkage (-CH=N) between 1580 – 1630 cm-1 and the N–H of the Isatin ring signals between δ 8.32 – 10.68 ppm in their 1H NMR spectra. The present work affords reaction pathway that is efficient and operational simplicity for the synthesis of Schiff bases derivatives.Keywords: Schiff bases, isatin, imesatin, spectroscopic analysis, biological activit

Primary stroke prevention worldwide : translating evidence into action

Funding Information: The stroke services survey reported in this publication was partly supported by World Stroke Organization and Auckland University of Technology. VLF was partly supported by the grants received from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. MOO was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (SIREN U54 HG007479) under the H3Africa initiative and SIBS Genomics (R01NS107900, R01NS107900-02S1, R01NS115944-01, 3U24HG009780-03S5, and 1R01NS114045-01), Sub-Saharan Africa Conference on Stroke Conference (1R13NS115395-01A1), and Training Africans to Lead and Execute Neurological Trials & Studies (D43TW012030). AGT was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. SLG was supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship and an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council synergy grant. We thank Anita Arsovska (University Clinic of Neurology, Skopje, North Macedonia), Manoj Bohara (HAMS Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal), Denis ?erimagi? (Poliklinika Glavi?, Dubrovnik, Croatia), Manuel Correia (Hospital de Santo Ant?nio, Porto, Portugal), Daissy Liliana Mora Cuervo (Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil), Anna Cz?onkowska (Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland), Gloria Ekeng (Stroke Care International, Dartford, UK), Jo?o Sargento-Freitas (Centro Hospitalar e Universit?rio de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal), Yuriy Flomin (MC Universal Clinic Oberig, Kyiv, Ukraine), Mehari Gebreyohanns (UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA), Ivete Pillo Gon?alves (Hospital S?o Jos? do Avai, Itaperuna, Brazil), Claiborne Johnston (Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA), Kristaps Jurj?ns (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Rizwan Kalani (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA), Grzegorz Kozera (Medical University of Gda?sk, Gda?sk, Poland), Kursad Kutluk (Dokuz Eylul University, ?zmir, Turkey), Branko Malojcic (University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia), Micha? Maluchnik (Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland), Evija Migl?ne (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Cassandra Ocampo (University of Botswana, Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana), Louise Shaw (Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK), Lekhjung Thapa (Upendra Devkota Memorial-National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal), Bogdan Wojtyniak (National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland), Jie Yang (First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China), and Tomasz Zdrojewski (Medical University of Gda?sk, Gda?sk, Poland) for their comments on early draft of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and they do not necessarily reflect the views, decisions, or policies of the institution with which they are affiliated. We thank WSO for funding. The funder had no role in the design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the study results, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the study results for publication. Funding Information: The stroke services survey reported in this publication was partly supported by World Stroke Organization and Auckland University of Technology. VLF was partly supported by the grants received from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. MOO was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (SIREN U54 HG007479) under the H3Africa initiative and SIBS Genomics (R01NS107900, R01NS107900-02S1, R01NS115944-01, 3U24HG009780-03S5, and 1R01NS114045-01), Sub-Saharan Africa Conference on Stroke Conference (1R13NS115395-01A1), and Training Africans to Lead and Execute Neurological Trials & Studies (D43TW012030). AGT was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. SLG was supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship and an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council synergy grant. We thank Anita Arsovska (University Clinic of Neurology, Skopje, North Macedonia), Manoj Bohara (HAMS Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal), Denis Čerimagić (Poliklinika Glavić, Dubrovnik, Croatia), Manuel Correia (Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal), Daissy Liliana Mora Cuervo (Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil), Anna Członkowska (Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland), Gloria Ekeng (Stroke Care International, Dartford, UK), João Sargento-Freitas (Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal), Yuriy Flomin (MC Universal Clinic Oberig, Kyiv, Ukraine), Mehari Gebreyohanns (UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA), Ivete Pillo Gonçalves (Hospital São José do Avai, Itaperuna, Brazil), Claiborne Johnston (Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA), Kristaps Jurjāns (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Rizwan Kalani (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA), Grzegorz Kozera (Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland), Kursad Kutluk (Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey), Branko Malojcic (University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia), Michał Maluchnik (Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland), Evija Miglāne (P Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia), Cassandra Ocampo (University of Botswana, Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana), Louise Shaw (Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK), Lekhjung Thapa (Upendra Devkota Memorial-National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal), Bogdan Wojtyniak (National Institute of Public Health, Warsaw, Poland), Jie Yang (First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China), and Tomasz Zdrojewski (Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland) for their comments on early draft of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and they do not necessarily reflect the views, decisions, or policies of the institution with which they are affiliated. We thank WSO for funding. The funder had no role in the design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the study results, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the study results for publication. Funding Information: VLF declares that the PreventS web app and Stroke Riskometer app are owned and copyrighted by Auckland University of Technology; has received grants from the Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence (16/STH/36), Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; APP1182071), and World Stroke Organization (WSO); is an executive committee member of WSO, honorary medical director of Stroke Central New Zealand, and CEO of New Zealand Stroke Education charitable Trust. AGT declares funding from NHMRC (GNT1042600, GNT1122455, GNT1171966, GNT1143155, and GNT1182017), Stroke Foundation Australia (SG1807), and Heart Foundation Australia (VG102282); and board membership of the Stroke Foundation (Australia). SLG is funded by the National Health Foundation of Australia (Future Leader Fellowship 102061) and NHMRC (GNT1182071, GNT1143155, and GNT1128373). RM is supported by the Implementation Research Network in Stroke Care Quality of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (project CA18118) and by the IRIS-TEPUS project from the inter-excellence inter-cost programme of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LTC20051). BN declares receiving fees for data management committee work for SOCRATES and THALES trials for AstraZeneca and fees for data management committee work for NAVIGATE-ESUS trial from Bayer. All other authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseStroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide and its burden is increasing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries, many of which are unable to face the challenges it imposes. In this Health Policy paper on primary stroke prevention, we provide an overview of the current situation regarding primary prevention services, estimate the cost of stroke and stroke prevention, and identify deficiencies in existing guidelines and gaps in primary prevention. We also offer a set of pragmatic solutions for implementation of primary stroke prevention, with an emphasis on the role of governments and population-wide strategies, including task-shifting and sharing and health system re-engineering. Implementation of primary stroke prevention involves patients, health professionals, funders, policy makers, implementation partners, and the entire population along the life course.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Quality of stroke guidelines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify gaps in national stroke guidelines that could be bridged to enhance the quality of stroke care services in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We systematically searched medical databases and websites of medical societies and contacted international organizations. Country-specific guidelines on care and control of stroke in any language published from 2010 to 2020 were eligible for inclusion. We reviewed each included guideline for coverage of four key components of stroke services (surveillance, prevention, acute care and rehabilitation). We also assessed compliance with the eight Institute of Medicine standards for clinical practice guidelines, the ease of implementation of guidelines and plans for dissemination to target audiences. FINDINGS: We reviewed 108 eligible guidelines from 47 countries, including four low-income, 24 middle-income and 19 high-income countries. Globally, fewer of the guidelines covered primary stroke prevention compared with other components of care, with none recommending surveillance. Guidelines on stroke in low- and middle-income countries fell short of the required standards for guideline development; breadth of target audience; coverage of the four components of stroke services; and adaptation to socioeconomic context. Fewer low- and middle-income country guidelines demonstrated transparency than those from high-income countries. Less than a quarter of guidelines encompassed detailed implementation plans and socioeconomic considerations. CONCLUSION: Guidelines on stroke in low- and middle-income countries need to be developed in conjunction with a wider category of health-care providers and stakeholders, with a full spectrum of translatable, context-appropriate interventions

Framing Manufacturing Development in Africa and the Influence of Industrial Sustainability

The aim is to examine the academic literature on manufacturing development in Africa with a view to determining the extent to which concepts relating to industrial sustainability have been covered. Using Nigeria as a case study, and taking a sample of relevant academic publications, this study has found that literature on manufacturing in Nigeria does not cover important concepts of industrial sustainability such as industrial symbiosis, circular economy, sustainable business models, cleaner production, and a range of other related concepts. A plausible explanation for this is that there has been a weak link between industry and research communities in Nigeria. The paper contributes evidence towards mustering more action for the advancement of industrial sustainability in Africa. It also shows a clear practice, policy and literature gap

Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of an Alcoholic Extract of Senna alata Leaves

Methanolic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Senna alata   leaves were screened for phytochemicals, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Out of the three crude extracts, the methanolic extract showed the highest activity than the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts. The unidentified active components purified from preparative thin layer chromatography exhibited low activities against Mucor, Rhizopus and Aspergillus niger   at 70μg/ml while higher activity was exhibited against all the test organisms at 860μg/ml. @JASE

Chemical composition, anti-toxoplasma,cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatorypotentials of Cola gigantea seed oil

Context:Cola giganteaA. Chev. (Sterculiaceae) is an important medicinal tropical flora.Objective:The seed oil ofC. gigantea, an underutilized tropical plant was investigated for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory, anti-Toxoplasma,and cytotoxicity activities as well as the chemical composition.Materials and methods:The physicochemical parameters of the seed oil obtained via Soxhlet extractionwas determined while the fatty acid and non-fatty acid component were analyzed by gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays (10–50mg/mL) while theanti-inflammatory property was determined through Cell Membrane Stabilization assay. The anti-parasiteand cytotoxicity activity were evaluated (0–1000mg/mL) usingToxoplasma gondiiand mammalian cell lineassays, respectively.Results:The oil had fatty acids which ranged from C-12 to C-23 with linoleic (18:2) and palmitic acids(16:0) being dominant. The oil had 89.41% unsaturated fatty acids with sterolic acid, an uncommon acety-lenic fatty acid reported for the first time. Non-fatty acids obtained include cholesterol (2.12%), campes-terol (14.12%), stigmasterol (34.07%) andb-sitosterol (49.68%). The oil had a significantly (p50mg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid. In contrast, theoil showed better activity against ABTS radicals (IC5044.19 ±6.27mg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid orquercetin. Furthermore, the oil showed anti-T. gondiiand dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HFF cells withselectivity index (IC50/EC50<1).Discussion and conclusions:The antioxidant potential of the oil suggests that it may serve as a potentialsource for various preparations for pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION AND ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF POLYPHENOLIC FRACTIONS AND OIL FROM FOUR MELON SEEDS USED AS CONDIMENTS IN NIGERIA

Species of different melon seeds i.e. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb),Cucumeropsis mannii, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. and Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. are used mostly for culinary and health purposes in Nigeria, West Africa. Their health promoting potential may be connected to the antioxidant properties of their chemical constituents i.e. polyphenolic. Antioxidant evaluation was carried out on polyphenolic fractions and oils from the melon seeds’ species using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging and 2, 2′-azino-bis-(3-ethyl) benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activities under in vitro conditions. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect of the polyphenolic fractions and oils were also investigated. The result of the antioxidant activity of the polyphenolic extracts and oils obtained by different in vitro methods varied remarkably on the basis of method used. Nevertheless, the oil from Citrullus colocynthis gave the best IC50 value of 3.88 µg/mL and the polyphenolic fraction from Cucumeropsis mannii gave the best result with IC50 values of 1.89 µg/mL and 22.49 µg/mL against DPPH and ABTS respectively. Polyphenolic fraction from seeds of Lagenaria siceraria and oil from seeds of Citrullus lanatus gave the best acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity with IC50 value of 47.40 µg/mL and 19.50 µg/mL. This study’s results indicated that the different seeds of melon species are sources of natural antioxidants preventing oxidative damage and a good source of acetylcholinesterase inhibition preventing old-age related and neurodegenerative diseases i.e. Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases.

Living copolymerization of propylene and ethylene with [t-BuNSiMe₂Flu]TiMe₂/MAO catalyst system: Effect of MAO/Ti ratio

578-581Propylene-co-ethylene polymer (Mn=528,000, Mw/Mn=1.19) was synthesized using [η1: η3-t-BuNSiMe2Flu]TiMe2 (Cat A)/methylaluminoxane (MAO) system at 0°C. Effect of MAO/Ti ratio on catalyst productivity was investigated and living nature of copolymer was maintained until the ratio reached 2000. 13C-NMR and GPC have been used to characterize the copolymer

Antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of Tephrosia bracteolata leaves

Aims Plant extracts have long been used for the ethnomedical treatment of diabetes, microbial infections and as a source of antioxidant. This study was aimed at investigating the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of Tephrosia bracteolata leaves (TBL) as associated with the ethnobotanical knowledge of the local people of Nigeria. Main methods The phytochemical composition of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of T. bracteolata were determined following standard procedures in literature, and it's in vitro inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase enzyme. 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS.+) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH+) antioxidant activities were also examined. Well diffusion method was employed in evaluating the antimicrobial property of the extracts. Key findings The ethyl acetate extract of T. bracteolata leaves had the greatest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, followed by the n-hexane with IC50 43.95 μg/ml and IC50 ˃50 μg/ml respectively. The ethyl acetate also exhibited significant DPPH+ and ABTS.+ antioxidant activity with IC50 of 24.96 μg/ml and 6.48 μg/ml as compared to Ascorbic acid and Trolox (12.24 μg/ml and 5.91 μg/ml) respectively. The zones of inhibition of the ethyl acetate extract of T. bracteolata leaves ranges from 10 – 25 mm at a concentration of 6.25–200 mg/ml, and it showed a greater antibacterial activity than the n-hexane extract, having a zone of inhibition from 10 – 20 mm at concentration of 12.5–200 mg/ml when compared to the standard Gentamycin. Similarly, the ethyl acetate extract of T. bracteolata showed a better anti fungi activity at concentration range 12.5–200 mg/ml than the n-hexane extract at concentration range of 25–200 mg/ml with reference to Tioconazole. These results indicated for the first time that the ethyl acetate extract of T. bracteolata leaves extracts exerted potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase, actively scavenge DPPH+ and ABTS.+ free radicals and successfully inhibits the proliferation of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganism. Significance TBL is an important source of antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant agent