Catalysts for electrochemical generation of oxygen

An effort was made to study the effects of cation and anion additions on oxygen evolution kinetics on platinum and the inhibitive or catalytic nature of the additions. The kinetics and mechanism of oxygen evolution on planitum metal in hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids, including the effects of foreign anions, were examined. The LEED-Auger-thin layer electrochemical system was developed for the examination of electrocatalytic surfaces. Samples for electrocatalytic LEED-Auger studies were prepared and examined

Electrochemical generation of oxygen. 1: The effects of anions and cations on hydrogen chemisorption and anodic oxide film formation on platinum electrode. 2: The effects of anions and cations on oxygen generation on platinum electrode

The effects were studied of anions and cations on hydrogen chemisorption and anodic oxide film formation on Pt by linear sweep voltammetry, and on oxygen generation on Pt by potentiostatic overpotential measurement. The hydrogen chemisorption and anodic oxide film formation regions are greatly influenced by anion adsorption. In acids, the strongly bound hydrogen occurs at more cathodic potential when chloride and sulfate are present. Sulfate affects the initial phase of oxide film formation by produced fine structure while chloride retards the oxide-film formation. In alkaline solutions, both strongly and weakly bound hydrogen are influenced by iodide, cyanide, and barium and calcium cations. These ions also influence the oxide film formation. Factors considered to explain these effects are discussed. The Tafel slope for oxygen generation was found to be independent on the oxide thickness and the presence of cations or anions. The catalytic activity indicated by the exchange current density was observed decreasing with increasing oxide layer thickness, only a minor dependence on the addition of certain cations and anions was found

Catalysts for electrochemical generation of oxygen

An investigation of more effective catalysts for the electrolytic evolution of oxygen was made to understand the mechanism and kinetics for the electrocatalysis in relation to the surface electronic and lattice properties of the catalyst. An understanding was obtained for the structural features of the electrocatalysts. The kinetics and mechanism of anodic generation of O2 under well defined conditions in relation to the properties of electrode surface were evaluated

Towards pervasive intelligence : reflections on the evolution of the Agent Factory framework

Agent Factory is a cohesive framework for the development and deployment of multi-agent systems. Since its inception in the mid 1990s, Agent Factory has gone through a metamorphosis process, whereby several new extensions, revisions, and enhancements have been made. This chapter provides a discussion of the incremental developments in Agent Factory and provides motivations as to why such changes were necessary. Agent Factory distinguishes itself from other intentional agent platforms in several ways. It provides a practical and efficient approach to the development of intentional agent-oriented applications. This is combined with a methodology, integrated development environment support, and a suite of tools that aid the agent fabrication process. A detailed comparison to related work is provided. We include a tutorial on how to use the framework.Science Foundation Irelan

Assessment of recent process analytical technology (PAT) trends : a multiauthor review

This multiauthor review article aims to bring readers up to date with some of the current trends in the field of process analytical technology (PAT) by summarizing each aspect of the subject (sensor development, PAT based process monitoring and control methods) and presenting applications both in industrial laboratories and in manufacture e.g. at GSK, AstraZeneca and Roche. Furthermore, the paper discusses the PAT paradigm from the regulatory science perspective. Given the multidisciplinary nature of PAT, such an endeavour would be almost impossible for a single author, so the concept of a multiauthor review was born. Each section of the multiauthor review has been written by a single expert or group of experts with the aim to report on its own research results. This paper also serves as a comprehensive source of information on PAT topics for the novice reader