Стремление к контролю астмы: новые данные исследования GOAL

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История и современность (посвящается 115-летию кафедры детских болезней Сибирского государственного медицинского университета)

History of the Chair of Children Diseases for 115 years is presented. The contribution of professors S.M. Timashev, O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva, Ye.I. Nebolyubov, I.N. Osipov, A.F. Smyshlyaeva, I.I. Balasheva, L.P. Bushmeleva is described. The new high-priority socially significant research field, namely, children allergology headed by Professor L.M. Ogorodova is discussed in detail.Представлена история кафедры детских болезней за 115 лет. Описан вклад профессоров С.М. Тимашева, О.Д. Соколовой-Пономарёвой, Е.И. Неболюбова, И.Н. Осипова, А.Ф. Смышляевой, И.И. Балашевой, Л.П. Бушмелёвой. Подробно обсуждается новое приоритетное социально значимое направление научных исследований, возглавляемое профессором Л.М. Огородовой, - аллергология детского возраста

Выбор фармакотерапии тяжелой бронхиальной астмы

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Prevalence of food sensitization and probable food allergy among adults in India: the EuroPrevall INCO study

Data are lacking regarding the prevalence of food sensitization and probable food allergy among general population in India. We report the prevalence of sensitization and probable food allergy to 24 common foods among adults from general population in Karnataka, South India. The study was conducted in two stages: a screening study and a case-control study. A total of 11 791 adults in age group 20-54 were randomly sampled from general population in South India and answered a screening questionnaire. A total of 588 subjects (236 cases and 352 controls) participated in the case-control study involving a detailed questionnaire and specific IgE estimation for 24 common foods. A high level of sensitization (26.5%) was observed for most of the foods in the general population, higher than that observed among adults in Europe, except for those foods that cross-react with birch pollen. Most of the sensitization was observed in subjects who had total IgE above the median IgE level. A high level of cross-reactivity was observed among different pollens and foods and among foods. The prevalence of probable food allergy (self-reports of adverse symptoms after the consumption of food and specific IgE to the same food) was 1.2%, which was mainly accounted for cow's milk (0.5%) and apple (0.5%). Very high levels of sensitization were observed for most foods, including those not commonly consumed in the general population. For the levels of sensitization, the prevalence of probable food allergy was low. This disassociation needs to be further explored in future studie

Microbiological oropharyngeal patterns in patients with different phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

peer reviewedPersistent bronchial inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered the cause of ventilation disorders and related contamination with conditionally pathogenic microorganisms; the latter can proceed and transform into a full infection, which can aggravate and exacerbate COPD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relations between the oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with COPD and the clinical, functional, and prognostic parameters of the disease. Materials and Methods. 64 patients with COPD were included in the study; the participants were scheduled to visit our clinic on two occasions. In the first visit, their medical history was studied in detail and the major examination procedures were conducted. Those included an assessment of the respiratory function, the 6-minute walk test, the degree of dyspnea by the Medical Research Council scale, body plethysmography, the diffusion capacity of the lungs, and a chest CT scan. The second visit took place 12 months after the first one to assess the changes in the course of the disease. The result was considered negative if, in the second examination, the patient‘s condition was found more severe. Oropharyngeal samples of all patients were sequenced to identify the V3–V4 variable sites of the 16S rRNA gene. Results. It is found that the microbiological oropharyngeal patterns in COPD patients depend on the source of micro-aspiration. In addition, the changes in the oropharyngeal microbiota correlate with the severity and prognosis of the disease, as well as the patient phenotype. Based on the data obtained by sequencing parts of the 16S rRNA gene, the role of oropharyngeal microbiota in determining the course and prognosis of COPD has been elucidated. Conclusion. The presented clinical and functional characteristics associated with oropharyngeal microbiota indicate that microaspirations from other body compartments not only affect the composition of oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with COPD but also have an important prognostic significance. © 2018, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved