E-Learning Application and Covid-19 Issues

E-learning is progressively replacing face to face learning because of its quality of interaction and numerous benefits to mankind. E-learning is an electronic media used for various learning purposes ranging from conventional classroom, add-on functions to online substitution for face-to-face meetings with online engagement. E-learning encourages teaching outside the four walls of a classroom, particularly at a critical moment that requires human to keep off the street such as the pandemic era, natural disasters and any unexpected circumstances. This study explains different types of E-learning, advantages and disadvantages, evolution of E- learning and their applications. The paper emphasis the implication of E-learning on COVID-19 issues

Characteristics of Activated Carbons Produced from Herbaceous Biomass Feedstock

Energy security and environmental protection are at the forefront of research due to the forecasted depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the growing concern of its adverse environmental impacts. The use of renewable sources for energy applications has centered on the use of biomass feedstocks and this include from herbaceous, woody, agricultural waste, forest residues and municipal wastes. The thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis) of these biomass feedstocks has potential to produce liquid fuel, a solid residue (biochar) and non-condensable gas. The biochar is primarily composed of renewable porous carbon and other inorganic compounds. The biochar is used for soil amendment, adsorption applications, electrochemical applications, and as a matrix for catalysts development. This dissertation has documented utilization of herbaceous biomass for biochar and activated carbon production and its use for adsorption applications

Comparative study of the therapeutic effects of brands of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on experimentally induced dental pain

Objectives: To compare the therapeutic effects of two brands of Paracetamol: Panadol® (paracetamol 1000mg) and Panadol-Extra®( paracetamol 1000mg and 60mg caffeine) on the perception of dental pain. Method: The setting for the study was the Oral Diagnosis Unit of the Dental Hospital, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The Experimental design was a single blind quasi-experimental repeated measure. Twenty volunteers with healthy permanent upper right central incisors were the subjects of the study. Using the Digitest Pulp Vitality Tester as a stimulator, the pain thresholds of the right maxillary central incisors were detected. Subjects were then given 1000mg of paracetamol (Panadol®) or 1000mg of paracetamol and 60 mg caffeine (Panadol - Extra®) orally and the pain thresholds were again detected and recorded at 30. 60, 90 and 120 minutes after drug ingestion. At one-week interval, subjects' baseline pain thresholds were recorded and they were given the other brand of the drug. Pain thresholds were recorded at 30,60, 90 and 120 minutes intervals. The data were analysed using the SPSS for windows (Release 9.0 version), p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Age and gender did not have any significant effect on the baseline or mean scores for both drugs. Overall, Panadol® and Panadol -Extra® individually demonstrated significant differences in tooth sensitivity when compared with the baseline. A comparison of the effects of both drugs however showed no significant difference in their effects on dental pain perception. Conclusion: Although both drugs had significant therapeutic effects on baseline dental pain perception, a comparison of their effects showed no significant difference in their effects on the pain. Key Words: Panadol; Panadol–Extra; Dental Pain. African Journal of Oral Health Vol.1(1) 2004: 25-3

The Unique Challenges of the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)

Air transportation is a particularly contentious issue in climate disputes. This concern is because they emit emissions like those produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Consequently, the aviation industry is recognized as one of the top ten emitters in the world, with emissions expected to soar. As the emissions from the industry begin to rise, the increase raises serious environmental concerns about its global impact and influence on people on the ground. When non-CO2 effects are excluded, aviation emissions began to account for 2.1% of global emissions, leading the aviation industry, national governments, civil society, and international organizations to collaborate to reduce emissions drastically. Accordingly, this led to the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which serves as a global platform for devising laws and standards for the industry, including a comprehensive set of measures to manage greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to reach the 2050 carbon-neutral goal. The ICAO aims to eliminate all GHG emissions using sustainable alternative fuels, advanced technology, and the world\u27s first market-based mechanism to mitigate aviation emissions. It adopted the International Aviation Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme (CORSIA) in 2016. While this market-based approach to reducing international aviation\u27s runway emissions is viewed as a step in the right direction, more is needed to achieve the sector\u27s required level of profound decarbonization. (CORISA). This study describes the connection between aviation and climate change. It analyses the efficacy of the policy implemented and the environmental benefits of CORSIA in addressing climate change challenges in the aviation industry and the scheme\u27s potential to have a more significant impact and provide long-term solutions. According to the study\u27s findings, adding a required option for binding enforcement will aid in expanding the scope of CORSIA

Comparing alertness and injury severity following motor vehicular accidents at a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Background: From casual observation of injury patterns in Motor Vehicular Accidents (MVAs), it was sometimes observed that if the victim had been more alert and reacts protectively, injury severity might be reduced. Protective response is often expected to minimize the severity of injuries.Objective: To determine the relationship between alertness and Injury Severity Score (ISS) in MVA victims.Design: Prospective hospital based cross sectional study.Setting: Adult Emergency Department of Obafemi: Awolowe University Teaching Hospital.Subjects: Adults presenting at the emergency room (ER) following MVAs.Interventions :Advanced Trauma Life Support(ATLS) protocol for accident victims.Main Outcome Measures: Injury Severity.Results: A total of 90 adults had MVAs representing 20% of ER attendances during the period. Young males accounted for 53% of the victims, seated in the middle seats of commercial buses moving at moderate speed, awake and saw the accident coming. Seat belts were used in 30% of patients and 43% had ISS scores > 15. There was no statistically significant association between alertness and ISS.Conclusion: Victims of MVAs are majorly travellers in our community. We observed that the level of alertness prior to the accident has no significant association with the ISS. Other factors such as seatbelts, state of vehicles and speed limits contribute to the ISS. The calculation of ISS should be done routinely for objective assessment of patients

Evaluation of a constructed wetland for removal of some physicochemical and microbiological contaminants from wastewater in a residential tertiary institution in Nigeria.

Covenant University is a residential tertiary institution in Canaan land, a large faith based facility, whose population can be more than 75,000 during Sundays religious activities in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Sewage from this community is treated by a series of constructed wetland located in the University, with its effluent discharging into a canal that empties into River Iju. This river is used by several hundreds of thousands of people downstream. The effluent flows through six sets of constructed wetlands, each with four chambers and the treatment process in the wetlands was evaluated by its adequacy and efficiency. Input and output of the system were monitored. Results indicated that the series of wetland reduced the total dissolved solids (TDS) by only 8% and conductivity by 11%, while the pH was constant at 6.8. The microbiological test results indicated a 99% reduction in the most probable number of coliforms (MPN) from 1,600 cfu/100 mL. The constructed wetland achieved 85%, 79%, 52%, 79%, 66% and 83% reduction for coliform, staphylococcus, salmonella, salmonella and shigella, total viable count, and fungi, respectively. Results of the colony units/mL, cfu/mL, for these parameters, obtained at both upstream and downstream and at the point of discharge into the canal compared with those at the effluent point showed adequacy of removal of contaminants by the constructed wetland series. The efficiency of the wetlands can be enhanced further by slowing the flow rate and increasing the number of wetland chambers. Further work is required to determine the rate of recovery of the polluted canal water

The Emerging Pattern of Moral Values and Ethical Behaviour in Nigerian Environment

For meaningful developments in all facets of Nigeria’s national life, moral values and ethical behaviours are seen to be inevitable so as to usher in both economic and political developments; therefore, the paper empirically examined the emerging pattern of moral values and ethical behaviours within the context of Nigerian environment. A total number of 189 respondents were made used in the course of gathering data via questionnaire to reveal moral values and ethical behaviours for 2002 to 2012 while secondary data was used to obtain data for 1960 to 1980 as well as 1981 to 2001. From the comparison of the data obtained ranging from 1960 to 2012, it was discovered that as days pass by there is constant and persistent decline in the levels of moral values as well as virtues and ethical behaviours thus leading to manifestation of unethical behaviours which have real human cost. A number of factors were found to be responsible for this in terms of economic and political factors, suggestions were made out of the woods to include promotion of ethics in government and public integrity as well as accountability, independent prosecuting agency to ferret out corruption in government regardless of the rank or position being occupied and introduction of moral education into the curriculum of primary education so as to catch them young. Key words: Moral Values, Ethical Behaviour, Unethical Behaviour, Development and Virtues

Model Studies Of The Interaction Of Base-Metal Containing Minerals With Some Biological Alteration Compounds In Ore-Bodied Environment

Studies dealing with the complex behaviors of some N-benzoyl and N-formyl amino acids, and dipeptides with base-metal containing compounds were carried out. The results indicate that coordination sites ofN-protected amino acids and dipeptides are different from those of the free amino acids and peptides. Complexes of Zn (II) with N-benzoyl derivatives of L-leucine, L-leucylglycine and N-formyl derivatives of DL-valine, .L-phcnylalanine, DL-valylglycine and Lphenylalanylglycine were prepared in the course of the studies. The possible stereochemistry of these compounds have been deduced with the help of analytical data, infrared spectra (lR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ditlerential thermal analysis (DT A)

Evaluation of a constructed wetland for removal of some physicochemical and microbiological contaminants from wastewater in a residential tertiary institution in Nigeria

Covenant University is a residential tertiary institution in Canaan land, a large faith based facility, whose population can be more than 75,000 during Sundays religious activities in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.  Sewage from this community is treated by a series of constructed wetland located in the University, with its effluent discharging into a canal that empties into River Iju.  This river is used by several hundreds of thousands of people downstream.  The effluent flows through six sets of constructed wetlands, each with four chambers and the treatment process in the wetlands was evaluated by its adequacy and efficiency.  Input and output of the system were monitored.  Results indicated that the series of wetland reduced the total dissolved solids (TDS) by only 8% and conductivity by 11%, while the pH was constant at 6.8.  The microbiological test results indicated a 99% reduction in the most probable number of coliforms (MPN) from 1,600 cfu/100 mL.  The constructed wetland achieved 85%, 79%, 52%, 79%, 66% and 83% reduction for coliform, staphylococcus, salmonella, salmonella and shigella, total viable count, and fungi, respectively.  Results of the colony units/mL, cfu/mL, for these parameters, obtained at both upstream and downstream and at the point of discharge into the canal compared with those at the effluent point showed adequacy of removal of contaminants by the constructed wetland series.  The efficiency of the wetlands can be enhanced further by slowing the flow rate and increasing the number of wetland chambers.  Further work is required to determine the rate of recovery of the polluted canal water.   Keywords: sewage, wastewater, influent, effluent, wetland, water hyacint