Frequency Of Isolation Of Salmonella From Commercial Poultry Feeds And Their Anti-Microbial Resistance Profiles, Imo State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the frequency of isolation of salmonella and their microbial resistance profiles across different commercial poultry feeds sold in Imo State, Nigeria. Thirty-six bulk feed samples were colleted from 154 bag across different feed types and brands which included Guinea (GF), Top (TF), Vital (VF), Extra (EF), Animal care (AF) and livestock (LF) feeds. The salmonella isolated were tested against 14 anti-microbial drugs using the disc diffusion method. Bacterial load enumeration of the samples indicated a range of <30 colony forming unit (CFU) to overgrowth at 104 serial dilutions. Eight feed samples (22.2%) which cuts across the entire feed brands expect EF were positive for salmonella. The highest prevalence of 28.8% and 25.0% were recorded for LF and TF respectively, while VF, GF and AF had 11.1 and 10.0% respectively. Salmonella isolates showed high rates of resistance (51-100%) against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, tetracycline and ceftriazole, while moderate rates (31-50%) were recorded for chloramphenicol, oxfloxacin and cotrimoxazole. Low resistance rates (1-30%) were on the other hand recorded against ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin clavulanate (Augumentine), whereas zero resistance was demonstrated against pefloxacin, gentamycin, streptomycin and nalidixic. Commercial feeds form important channels for the dissemination of multi-drug resistant salmonella in Imo State, Nigeria

Performance of weaner pigs fed diets containing fermented maize milling waste

A 42-days study was carried out with twelve (12) nine week old large white x landrace cross weaner pigs to determine their performance when fed with graded levels of fermented maize milling waste (FMMW) resulting from pap production. Four weaner diets were formulated such that diets T 1, T 2, T 3 andT 4 contained maize and FMMW at the proportions of 60, 0%, 55, 5%, 50, 10%; and 45, 15% respectively. Other ingredients remained constant for the four diets. The diet were offered to weaner pigs, which were randomly divided into four (4) groups of 3 pigs each, with each pig constituting a replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. At the end of 42-days treatment, the daily feed intake stood at 315, 318, 321 and 323g for T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively, while the daily weight gain stood at 95, 93.2, 91 and 88.9 for T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively. The feed conversion ratios were 3.32, 3.42, 3.53 and 3.63 for T1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively. The results of the experiment showed no significant (p 0.05) difference in feed intake and daily weight gain for the treatment groups. However the feed conversion ratio of the control pigs was significantly (p< 0.05) lower and better than the other treatment groups, thus indicating that up to 15% FMMW could be incorporated in the ration of the weaner pigs without significantly depressing its growth rate. In terms of cost however, FMMW should be used to reduce the cost of production as the least cost per kg weight gain was produced at 15% FMMW inclusion. Animal Production Research Avancees Vol. 3 (1) 2007: pp. 23-2

Feed intake and growth rate of finisher broilers fed diets containing raw and cooked Napoleona imperialis seed meals

A thirty-five day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary raw and cooked Napoleona imperialis seed meals (NISM) on feed intake and weight gain of finisher broilers. Four treatment diets were formulated to contain 0% (control) or 5% raw NISM and 5% or 10% cooked, respectively. One hundred and twenty Hubbard broilers of 4 weeks of age were divided into 4 treatment groups of 30 birds, which were further subdivided into subgroups of ten birds each to represent the 3 replicates per treatment group. The treatment groups were, randomly, assigned to the four dietary treatments. The daily weight gains (DWG) (g) of the control group (29.14) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the group fed 5% raw NISM (15.14) but similar (p>0.05) to the groups fed 5% (20.57) or 10% (20.86) cooked NISM. Feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain) of birds on control diet (3.88) was significantly lower (better) (p<0.05) than that of the birds on 10% (5.08) cooked NISM diets. The daily feed intake (DFI) (g) of the control birds (113.00) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the 5% raw NISM birds (68.00), but similar (p>0.05) to that of the birds on cooked NISM. The results suggest that cooked NISM could replace maize up to 10% in finisher broiler ration without any visible deleterious effectSe realizó un experimento de alimentación de 35 días para determinar el efecto de la dieta de harinas de semillas crudas y cocidas de Napoleona imperialis sobre el comportamiento de pollos de engorde en fase de acabado. Se formularon cuatro dietas de tratamientos conteniendo 0% (control) y 5% de harina de semillas crudas de N. imperialis (HSCNI) y 5% y 10% de harina de semillas cocidas de N. imperialis (HScNI). Se dividieron 124 pollos de engorde Hubbard de cuatro semanas de edad en cuatro grupos de tratamiento de 30 pollos y cada grupo fue porteriormente sub-dividido en tres repeticiones de 10 pollos cada una. Los grupos de tratamientos se asignaron al azar a los cuatro tratamientos de dietas. La ganancia diaria de peso del grupo control fue significativamente mayor (p<0,05) que la del grupo alimentado con 5% HSCNI pero similar (p>0,05) a los grupos con 5 y 10% deHScNI. La relación de conversión de alimentos de los pollos de engorde en la dieta control fue signifcativamente menor (mejor) (p<0,05) que aquella de los pollos de engorde con la dieta de 10% HScSM. El consumo diario de alimento de los pollos de engorde en el control fue significativamente mayor (p<0,05) que aquella de los pollos alimentados con 5% HSCNI, pero similar (p>0,05) a aquella de los pollos con HScSM. Los resultados sugieren que el HScSM pudiera reemplazar el maíz hasta 10% en la ración de pollos de engorde en fase de acabado sin efectos deleterios

Evaluation of growth performance, carcass and organ weights of broiler finisher birds administered aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola seeds

A total of one hundred and thirty five broiler finisher birds were used in this study which lasted for 28 days. The birds were randomly assigned to three experimental treatments; T1 , T2 and T3 , containing 0.0, 15.0 and 30.0 g/L of ground Garcinia kola seeds, respectively. Growth performance of the broiler finisher birds recorded significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher final body weight in treated birds than control birds. Similar significant (P&lt;0.05) trend was observed in total weight and daily weight gains. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower in treated birds than control birds. Carcass parameters and internal organ weights of the birds recorded significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher carcass yield in T2 (89.39 %) and T3 (89.68 %) than in T1 (85.53 %). Percentage breast weight of the birds significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in a dose dependent manner in the experimental birds (T1 = 18.30 %; T2 = 20.22 %; T3 = 35.12 %). Percent thighs weight was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in T2 (30.97 %) than in T1 (18.59 %) and T3 (18.47 %), which were similar (P&gt;0.05). Internal organs evaluation only 3 recorded significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher percent weight in the gizzards of the birds on T1 (2.00 1 %) and T2 (1.90 %) than the birds on T3 (1.41 %). The results of this study shows that, besides enhanced growth in broiler finisher birds, aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola seeds can be used to alter the normal allometric or differential growth pattern in broiler finisher birds to stimulate significant weight increase in the breast and thigh muscles.Keywords: broiler finisher, growth, carcass and organs weights, Garcinia kola seed extract

The Effect of Cinnamon Extract on Spermatogenesis and

Mineral elements are important nutrients in animal diets because they participate in metabolic, enzymatic and biochemical reactions needed for sustenance, feed efficiency, growth and development of animals. According to UnderGenerally, only a fraction of the mineral ingested by an animal is effectively absorbed, while most are bound to other components such as fibre and then excreted. In this study, faecal mineral composition differentials were used as indicators of mineral uptake by pullets supplemented varying levels of plantain ash in their daily rations for nine weeks. Plantain stalk and root base samples were collected, sun dried and ashed to produce plantain stalk ash (PSA) and root base ash (PRA), respectively. Ninety six (96) day old Isa Brown pullets were reared to 15 weeks of age and thereafter divided into 2 major groups of 48 birds each. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups of 12 birds each and each subgroup divided into three replicates giving four birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The PSA and PRA were fed to the pullets as mineral supplements to commercial grower from the 15 th to 18 th week (4 wk) and layer mashes from the 19 th to 24 th week (6 wk) at the rate 0, 1, 2 and 3 g per kg body weight so that one group received PSA and the other PRA. In each case, the zero supplementation served as control. At the 9 th week of feeding, faecal samples were collected from the groups, dried in the sun and analyzed for their mineral compositions by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Among the macro minerals, both PSA and PRA supplementation resulted in reductions in the faecal concentrations of K and Mg, with increasing supplementation level, resulting in further reduction of faecal content of these minerals. Mg showed highly significant (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01) regression effects for PSA and PRA, respectively. Reductions in faecal Ni and Fe concentrations were high (47.62 and 79.19%) across 1 g/kg body weight (BW) PSA and PRA supplementations, while it was 83.33% for Mn at the same 1 g/kg BW PRA supplementation. Ni (PSA) and Cr (PSA and PRA) values were significant (P&lt;0.10) for regression effects, implying that the faecal values of these minerals could be predicted from any given quantity of plantain ash using the regression equations. PRA supplementations resulted in increasing faecal content of the two heavy metals, that is, lead and cadmium, indicating selective poor intestinal absorption of these. Plantain ash could serve as potential sources of absorbable mineral supplements and also could improve mineral uptake from commercial diets offered to pullets