10 research outputs found
Increasing HIV testing among hard-to-reach groups: examination of RAPID, a community-based testing service in Queensland, Australia
Determination of the Contamination of Groundwater Sources in Okrika Mainland with Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
In this study, we examined the presence and concentrations of six polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in groundwater sources of Okrika mainland impacted by effluent discharges from a petroleum refinery into her surrounding Creeks. Sterile amber coloured bottles were used to collect 10 replicate borehole water samples from the mainland and fixed with concentrated H2SO4. Samples were transferred to the laboratory in iced coolers and analyzed using Gas chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The interactions of the PAH components detected was determined using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) while spatial variance equality in means of concentrations was explored with the One-way ANOVA. Structure detection of observed inequalities was made with means plots. Concentrations of the PAHs were high and exceeded the WHO maximum permissible limit of 0.002mg/l in drinking water. Benzo(b)fluoranthene, with the highest mean concentration varied between 0.00037-0.51266 (0.08117Β±0.03330159)mg/l, fluoranthene varied between 0.00060-0.32890 (0.0473946Β±0.01769877)mg/l, while benzo(k)fluoranthene with the least mean concentration varied between 0.00017-0.08478 (0.0237385Β±0.00610045)mg/l. However, pyrene concentration ranged between 0.00015 and 0.24757 (0.0508440Β±0.01859716)mg/l, benzo(a)anthracene between 0.00020-0.21972 (0.0512660Β±0.01688275)mg/l, and chrysene between 0.00013 and 0.16571 (0.0488975Β±0.01090264)mg/l. Strong associations were observed between all the PAH components measured at P<0.01. Significant heterogeneity in mean variance of the PAHs [F(211.9502)>Fcrit(3.921478)] was recorded across the sampling locations at P<0.05. Structure detection of mean difference revealed that the inequalities were most contributed in BH1, BH 2, BH 5 and BH 10, while equality in mean concentrations were observed between BH 1 and BH 4, and BH 5 and BH 6. BH 8 recorded the highest contamination level of the various PAHs due basically to its proximity to the refineryβs effluent channel. The most probable source of these PAHs is therefore the nearby Port Harcourt Refinery Companyβs effluent discharges into the surrounding creeks of the mainland. This contamination is of public health concern as several PAHs are known carcinogens. It is recommended that advanced technological engineering be applied to contain the presence of these pollutants in drinking water sources of residents of the area
Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ, Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΡΡ-Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Wistar
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ (PQ) β ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ±ΠΈ Π· Π±ΡΡβΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ². ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΆΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. Π£ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ. Π’ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ²-Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Wistar Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΡ (Π·Π° Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ) ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ· ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ 1,5 ΠΌΠ³ PQ/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»Π°, Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌ (ΠΊΡΡΠΌ PQ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ) ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ Π‘ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ 40 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»Π°.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π΅ (Ρ < 0,05) ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Ρ Π² Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΡ PQ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π· ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ PQ-ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ.
ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠ².Background. Paraquat (PQ) is a pesticide commonly used in the control of weed in agricultural practices worldwide. Exposure to PQ has adverse biochemical and physiological consequences to humans and animals. The mechanism of toxicity is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Presently, no single effective antidote to PQ toxicity has been established. Therefore, the need to continually investigate different treatment approaches is of paramount importance.
Objective. This study evaluated the capacity of selected dietary supplements to attenuate paraquat-induced kidney dysfunction and damages by determining some kidney function biomarkers and oxidative parameters.
Methods. Thirty-six Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into six groups. Each group (except Normal control) was intoxicated every other day with 1.5 mg/kg body weight of PQ and four groups (except PQ and Normal control groups) were treated daily with 40 mg/kg of garlic, glutathione and vitamin C for two weeks.
Results. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in concentration of kidney malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, and blood lipid profiles. Also, significant decrease in concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, kidney glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were presented by PQ control group compared to other PQ exposed groups treated with the antioxidant compounds.
Conclusions. PQ-induced changes indicated kidney dysfunction and damage. However, the administration of antioxidant supplements attenuated the PQ-induced biochemical and physiological dysfunction in the rats.ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ (PQ) β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΡ-Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Wistar Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ (Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° 1,5 ΠΌΠ³ PQ/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ (ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ PQ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π‘ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ 40 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ (Ρ < 0,05) ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ PQ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ PQ-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡ
Service integration: opportunities to expand access to antiretroviral therapy for people who inject drugs in Tanzania
Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients with Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance: Remdesivir demonstrated clinical benefit in a placebo-controlled trial in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its effect in patients with moderate disease is unknown. Objective: To determine the efficacy of 5 or 10 days of remdesivir treatment compared with standard care on clinical status on day 11 after initiation of treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized, open-label trial of hospitalized patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and room-air oxygen saturation >94%) enrolled from March 15 through April 18, 2020, at 105 hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The date of final follow-up was May 20, 2020. Interventions: Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive a 10-day course of remdesivir (n = 197), a 5-day course of remdesivir (n = 199), or standard care (n = 200). Remdesivir was dosed intravenously at 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg/d. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was clinical status on day 11 on a 7-point ordinal scale ranging from death (category 1) to discharged (category 7). Differences between remdesivir treatment groups and standard care were calculated using proportional odds models and expressed as odds ratios. An odds ratio greater than 1 indicates difference in clinical status distribution toward category 7 for the remdesivir group vs the standard care group. Results: Among 596 patients who were randomized, 584 began the study and received remdesivir or continued standard care (median age, 57 [interquartile range, 46-66] years; 227 [39%] women; 56% had cardiovascular disease, 42% hypertension, and 40% diabetes), and 533 (91%) completed the trial. Median length of treatment was 5 days for patients in the 5-day remdesivir group and 6 days for patients in the 10-day remdesivir group. On day 11, patients in the 5-day remdesivir group had statistically significantly higher odds of a better clinical status distribution than those receiving standard care (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.09-2.48; P =.02). The clinical status distribution on day 11 between the 10-day remdesivir and standard care groups was not significantly different (P =.18 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). By day 28, 9 patients had died: 2 (1%) in the 5-day remdesivir group, 3 (2%) in the 10-day remdesivir group, and 4 (2%) in the standard care group. Nausea (10% vs 3%), hypokalemia (6% vs 2%), and headache (5% vs 3%) were more frequent among remdesivir-treated patients compared with standard care. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with moderate COVID-19, those randomized to a 10-day course of remdesivir did not have a statistically significant difference in clinical status compared with standard care at 11 days after initiation of treatment. Patients randomized to a 5-day course of remdesivir had a statistically significant difference in clinical status compared with standard care, but the difference was of uncertain clinical importance. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04292730