10 research outputs found

    Determination of the Contamination of Groundwater Sources in Okrika Mainland with Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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    In this study, we examined the presence and concentrations of six polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in groundwater sources of Okrika mainland impacted by effluent discharges from a petroleum refinery into her surrounding Creeks. Sterile amber coloured bottles were used to collect 10 replicate borehole water samples from the mainland and fixed with concentrated H2SO4. Samples were transferred to the laboratory in iced coolers and analyzed using Gas chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The interactions of the PAH components detected was determined using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) while spatial variance equality in means of concentrations was explored with the One-way ANOVA. Structure detection of observed inequalities was made with means plots. Concentrations of the PAHs were high and exceeded the WHO maximum permissible limit of 0.002mg/l in drinking water. Benzo(b)fluoranthene, with the highest mean concentration varied between 0.00037-0.51266 (0.08117Β±0.03330159)mg/l, fluoranthene varied between 0.00060-0.32890 (0.0473946Β±0.01769877)mg/l, while benzo(k)fluoranthene with the least mean concentration varied between 0.00017-0.08478 (0.0237385Β±0.00610045)mg/l. However, pyrene concentration ranged between 0.00015 and 0.24757 (0.0508440Β±0.01859716)mg/l, benzo(a)anthracene between 0.00020-0.21972 (0.0512660Β±0.01688275)mg/l, and chrysene between 0.00013 and 0.16571 (0.0488975Β±0.01090264)mg/l. Strong associations were observed between all the PAH components measured at P<0.01. Significant heterogeneity in mean variance of the PAHs [F(211.9502)>Fcrit(3.921478)] was recorded across the sampling locations at P<0.05. Structure detection of mean difference revealed that the inequalities were most contributed in BH1, BH 2, BH 5 and BH 10, while equality in mean concentrations were observed between BH 1 and BH 4, and BH 5 and BH 6. BH 8 recorded the highest contamination level of the various PAHs due basically to its proximity to the refinery’s effluent channel. The most probable source of these PAHs is therefore the nearby Port Harcourt Refinery Company’s effluent discharges into the surrounding creeks of the mainland. This contamination is of public health concern as several PAHs are known carcinogens. It is recommended that advanced technological engineering be applied to contain the presence of these pollutants in drinking water sources of residents of the area

    УмСньшСниС нСфротоксичности ΠΈ дисфункции, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρƒ самцов крыс-альбиносов Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Wistar

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    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠŸΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ (PQ) – Ρ†Π΅ пСстицид, який ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρƒ світовій ΡΡ–Π»ΡŒΡΡŒΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΡ–ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Ρ– для Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒΠ±ΠΈ Π· бур’янами. Π’Ρ–Π½ ΠΌΠ°Ρ” нСсприятливі Π±Ρ–ΠΎΡ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– Ρ‚Π° Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– наслідки для людини Ρ– Ρ‚Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½. ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌ токсичної Π΄Ρ–Ρ— пов’язаний Π· утворСнням Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ кисню Ρ‚Π° подальшим пСрСкисним окиснСнням Π»Ρ–ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π². На ΡΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ– Π½Π΅ встановлСно ΠΆΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ токсичності ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ постійного вивчСння Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π² Π΄ΠΎ лікування Π½Π°Π±ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ” ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΎΡ€ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ значСння. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°. Π£ Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ дослідТСнні Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· визначСння дСяких Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Ρ–Π² Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ Ρ– ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ–Π² окиснСння ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ-Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ–Π½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ Ρ‚Π° ураТСння Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ—. Π’Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ†ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Ρ–Π²-Π°Π»ΡŒΠ±Ρ–Π½ΠΎΡΡ–Π² Π»Ρ–Π½Ρ–Ρ— Wistar Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π΄Ρ–Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡˆΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏ. ΠšΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρƒ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΡƒ (Π·Π° винятком ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ—) Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· дСнь ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ інтоксикації ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ–Π· Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡƒ 1,5 ΠΌΠ³ PQ/ΠΊΠ³ маси Ρ‚Ρ–Π»Π°, Π° Ρ‡ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡŒΠΎΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΠΌ (ΠΊΡ€Ρ–ΠΌ PQ Ρ– ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ—) протягом Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ–Π² щодня Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Скстракт часнику, Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ–ΠΎΠ½ Ρ– Π²Ρ–Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ Π‘ Ρƒ ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ– 40 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ маси Ρ‚Ρ–Π»Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ дослідТСння ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ достовірнС (Ρ€ < 0,05) підвищСння ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρƒ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΠ°Ρ…, сСчовини, ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° Π»Ρ–ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Ρ–Π»ΡŽ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ–. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ достовірнС зниТСння ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— холСстСрину Π»Ρ–ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ—Π΄Ρ–Π² високої Ρ‰Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ–, Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ Ρ– загального антиоксидантного ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»Ρƒ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΡ– PQ порівняно Π· Ρ–Π½ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ PQ-інтоксикованими Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, яким Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ антиоксидантні ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†Ρ–Ρ—. Висновки. Π—ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ Ρ‚Π° ураТСння Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ. Однак застосування антиоксидантних Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Ρ–Π½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΡ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ Π² Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Ρ–Π².Background. Paraquat (PQ) is a pesticide commonly used in the control of weed in agricultural practices worldwide. Exposure to PQ has adverse biochemical and physiological consequences to humans and animals. The mechanism of toxicity is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Presently, no single effective antidote to PQ toxicity has been established. Therefore, the need to continually investigate different treatment approaches is of paramount importance. Objective. This study evaluated the capacity of selected dietary supplements to attenuate paraquat-induced kidney dysfunction and damages by determining some kidney function biomarkers and oxidative parameters. Methods. Thirty-six Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into six groups. Each group (except Normal control) was intoxicated every other day with 1.5 mg/kg body weight of PQ and four groups (except PQ and Normal control groups) were treated daily with 40 mg/kg of garlic, glutathione and vitamin C for two weeks. Results. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in concentration of kidney malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, and blood lipid profiles. Also, significant decrease in concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, kidney glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were presented by PQ control group compared to other PQ exposed groups treated with the antioxidant compounds. Conclusions. PQ-induced changes indicated kidney dysfunction and damage. However, the administration of antioxidant supplements attenuated the PQ-induced biochemical and physiological dysfunction in the rats.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠŸΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ (PQ) – это пСстицид, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ примСняСтся Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ для Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ с сорняками. Он ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ нСблагоприятныС биохимичСскиС ΠΈ физиологичСскиС послСдствия для Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ токсичСского дСйствия связан с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ кислорода ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ пСрСкисным окислСниСм Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². На сСгодняшний дСнь Π½Π΅ установлСно Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ эффСктивного Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² токсичности ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π°. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ постоянного изучСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ пСрвостСпСнноС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ЦСль. Π’ этом исслСдовании Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² окислСния ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… биологичСски-Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ†Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ крыс-альбиносов Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Wistar Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ случайным ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ. ΠšΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ (Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· дСнь ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΈ интоксикации ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· расчСта 1,5 ΠΌΠ³ PQ/ΠΊΠ³ массы Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π°, Π° Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Π΅ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ (ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ PQ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… нСдСль Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ экстракт чСснока, Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π‘ Π² количСствС 40 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ массы Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ достовСрноС (Ρ€ < 0,05) ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ диальдСгида Π² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°Ρ…, ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ профиля ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ достовСрноС сниТСниС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ холСстСрина Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² высокой плотности, Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ антиоксидантного ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ PQ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ PQ-интоксицированными Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ антиоксидантныС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ИзмСнСния, Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ. Однако ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ антиоксидантных Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ Ρƒ крыс

    Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients with Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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    Importance: Remdesivir demonstrated clinical benefit in a placebo-controlled trial in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its effect in patients with moderate disease is unknown. Objective: To determine the efficacy of 5 or 10 days of remdesivir treatment compared with standard care on clinical status on day 11 after initiation of treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized, open-label trial of hospitalized patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and room-air oxygen saturation >94%) enrolled from March 15 through April 18, 2020, at 105 hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The date of final follow-up was May 20, 2020. Interventions: Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive a 10-day course of remdesivir (n = 197), a 5-day course of remdesivir (n = 199), or standard care (n = 200). Remdesivir was dosed intravenously at 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg/d. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was clinical status on day 11 on a 7-point ordinal scale ranging from death (category 1) to discharged (category 7). Differences between remdesivir treatment groups and standard care were calculated using proportional odds models and expressed as odds ratios. An odds ratio greater than 1 indicates difference in clinical status distribution toward category 7 for the remdesivir group vs the standard care group. Results: Among 596 patients who were randomized, 584 began the study and received remdesivir or continued standard care (median age, 57 [interquartile range, 46-66] years; 227 [39%] women; 56% had cardiovascular disease, 42% hypertension, and 40% diabetes), and 533 (91%) completed the trial. Median length of treatment was 5 days for patients in the 5-day remdesivir group and 6 days for patients in the 10-day remdesivir group. On day 11, patients in the 5-day remdesivir group had statistically significantly higher odds of a better clinical status distribution than those receiving standard care (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.09-2.48; P =.02). The clinical status distribution on day 11 between the 10-day remdesivir and standard care groups was not significantly different (P =.18 by Wilcoxon rank sum test). By day 28, 9 patients had died: 2 (1%) in the 5-day remdesivir group, 3 (2%) in the 10-day remdesivir group, and 4 (2%) in the standard care group. Nausea (10% vs 3%), hypokalemia (6% vs 2%), and headache (5% vs 3%) were more frequent among remdesivir-treated patients compared with standard care. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with moderate COVID-19, those randomized to a 10-day course of remdesivir did not have a statistically significant difference in clinical status compared with standard care at 11 days after initiation of treatment. Patients randomized to a 5-day course of remdesivir had a statistically significant difference in clinical status compared with standard care, but the difference was of uncertain clinical importance. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04292730

    Ecological Risk Evaluation of Biological and Geochemical Trace Metals in Okrika Estuary

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