21 research outputs found
Global agricultural intensification during climate change: A role for genomics
Summary: Agriculture is now facing the 'perfect storm' of climate change, increasing costs of fertilizer and rising food demands from a larger and wealthier human population. These factors point to a global food deficit unless the efficiency and resilience of crop production is increased. The intensification of agriculture has focused on improving production under optimized conditions, with significant agronomic inputs. Furthermore, the intensive cultivation of a limited number of crops has drastically narrowed the number of plant species humans rely on. A new agricultural paradigm is required, reducing dependence on high inputs and increasing crop diversity, yield stability and environmental resilience. Genomics offers unprecedented opportunities to increase crop yield, quality and stability of production through advanced breeding strategies, enhancing the resilience of major crops to climate variability, and increasing the productivity and range of minor crops to diversify the food supply. Here we review the state of the art of genomic-assisted breeding for the most important staples that feed the world, and how to use and adapt such genomic tools to accelerate development of both major and minor crops with desired traits that enhance adaptation to, or mitigate the effects of climate change. >
Application of genomicsassisted breeding for generation of climate resilient crops: progress and prospects
CCAFS Climat
Genetic and QTL analyses of seed dormancy and preharvest sprouting resistance in the wheat germplasm CN10955
The goat grass genomeâs role in wheat improvement
The recently published reference genome of Aegilops tauschii provides new insights into the originator of the D genome donor of hexaploid wheat. This will be a foundation for exploring the genomic diversity underpinning adaptive traits in wheat, and ultimately advance wheat improvement efforts
Molecular mapping as a tool for pre-emptive breeding for resistance to the exotic barley pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei
Barley stripe rust (BSR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, has been a major disease problem to the barley industry worldwide that has not, to date, been detected in Australia. This paper describes the mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in Tallon/Kaputar (TK) and Arapiles/Franklin (AF) populations. The paper also reports on the usefulness of markers associated with alternative sources of resistance previously identified in the varieties Orca and Shyri in the USA. Stripe rust screening was conducted at the adult plant stage in Toluca, Mexico, for 2 years. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found on chromosomes 2H and 5H in both populations. One region on chromosome 5H was highly significantly associated with resistance to stripe rust (R2 = 68% and 34% in TK and AF, respectively). The QTL on chromosome 2H accounted for 36% of the variation in TK and 10% of the variation in the AF population. These associations were consistent over both years. Further work will involve screening for additional markers in the target regions to identify polymorphism that can be used to select for multiple resistances in the absence of the pathogen
Molecular mapping as a tool for pre-emptive breeding for resistance to the exotic barley pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei
Barley stripe rust (BSR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, has been a major disease problem to the barley industry worldwide that has not, to date, been detected in Australia. This paper describes the mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in Tallon/Kaputar (TK) and Arapiles/Franklin (AF) populations.
The paper also reports on the usefulness of markers associated with alternative sources of resistance previously identified in the varieties Orca and Shyri in the USA. Stripe rust screening was conducted at the adult plant stage in Toluca, Mexico, for 2 years. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found on chromosomes 2H and 5H in both populations. One region on chromosome 5H was highly significantly associated with resistance to stripe rust (R2 = 68% and 34% in TK and AF, respectively). The QTL on chromosome 2H accounted for 36% of the variation in TK and 10% of the variation in the AF population.
These associations were consistent over both years. Further work will involve screening for additional markers in the target regions to identify polymorphism that can be used to select for multiple resistances in the absence of the pathogen
Populationâdependent reproducible deviation from natural bread wheat genome in synthetic hexaploid wheat
Accounting for Variability in the Detection and Use of Markers for Simple and Complex Traits
Global agricultural intensification during climate change: A role for genomics
Agriculture is now facing the âperfect stormâ of climate change, increasing costs of fertilizer and rising food demands from a larger and wealthier human population. These factors point to a global food deficit unless the efficiency and resilience of crop production is increased. The intensification of agriculture has focused on improving production under optimized conditions, with significant agronomic inputs. Furthermore, the intensive cultivation of a limited number of crops has drastically narrowed the number of plant species humans rely on. A new agricultural paradigm is required, reducing dependence on high inputs and increasing crop diversity, yield stability and environmental resilience. Genomics offers unprecedented opportunities to increase crop yield, quality and stability of production through advanced breeding strategies, enhancing the resilience of major crops to climate variability, and increasing the productivity and range of minor crops to diversify the food supply. Here we review the state of the art of genomic-assisted breeding for the most important staples that feed the world, and how to use and adapt such genomic tools to accelerate development of both major and minor crops with desired traits that enhance adaptation to, or mitigate the effects of climate change