Optimized Industrial Automation Network for Efficient Productivity Using Quality of Service Policy Mechanism (QPM)

In this paper, the complexity of industrial automation network when compared to the traditional IT corporate organization network or campus network, was first described. The challenges and components of industrial automation network have been highlighted. Hence, in order to overcome the challenges in the industrial automation network, the network was optimized by incorporating Quality of Service (QoS) Policy Mechanism (QPM) model in the network design. Existing mechanisms such as transmission control protocol (TCP) to deal with these problems, and the limitations of relying only on TCP were then discussed. The potential to improve the industrial automation network in the perspective of industrial internet of things (IIoT) has been reported in this paper as a further investigation in the future works. Simulation results were presented which showed that the optimized industrial automation network using QoS Policy Mechanism model gives higher performance throughput than the congestion control algorithm of the conventional TCP and the traditional network

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUE OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FOR UNIVERSAL WIRELESS CHARGING DEVICE

Abstract: With the constant and increase growth in technological advancements, technical know-how and innovations, keeping up with the trends becomes the order of the day, most technological advancement aim at further improving our way of life and/or providing new and easier ways to solve a general problem, with so many examples to site, like the invention of smart home security systems, smart baby monitors, self-driven cars, digital voting systems etc, wireless power transfer seems to be at the very top of this list. The main objective of wireless power transfer is to eliminate damage of mobile phone USB port and make the transfer of power from sources to devices more convenient and seamless. Wireless charging of gadgets is one of the new emerging technologies in the world at the moment. The most common method used at the moment is wireless power transfer by inductive coupling. Wireless power transfer is one of the simplest and cheapest ways of charging as it eliminates the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. The research methodology and principle of operation are devised for wireless power transfer through inductive coupling, and a feasible design is modeled accordingly. The inductive coupling technique is used since currently it’s the easiest method of wireless power transfer because of high efficiency and large amount of the energy transferred. In this project report, results of experiments done to check wireless power transfer will be discussed. Also, to further show its versatility and range of applications the power transferred will be used to charge small and medium devices with emphasis on mobile phones with the aid of additional circuitry; and also study the effect of placing hurdles between the transmitter and receiver so as to establish if it is an alternative in the medical industry for charging pace makers. Keywords: Electromagnetic Induction, Electromagnetic Hypothesis, Inductive Coupling, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), Wireless Charger, Resonant Transformer, Contactless Feed System. Title: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUE OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FOR UNIVERSAL WIRELESS CHARGING DEVICE Author: Ogbodo Emmanuel Utochukwu, Ifeyinwa Faith Ogbodo, Onyenanu Chukwunonso Nnanyelum, Nwanonobi Benjamin Chibuzo International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE) ISSN 2349-7815 Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2023 Page No: 10-21 Paper Publications Website: www.paperpublications.org Published Date: 18-September-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8355586 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/ELECTROMAGNETIC%20INDUCTION%20TECHNIQUE-18092023-6.pdfInternational Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE), ISSN 2349-7815, Paper Publications, Website: www.paperpublications.or

Application of cognitive radio based sensor network in smart grids for efficient, holistic monitoring and control.

Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.This thesis is directed towards the application of cognitive radio based sensor network (CRSN) in smart grid (SG) for efficient, holistic monitoring and control. The work involves enabling of sensor network and wireless communication devices for spectra utilization via the capability of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) of a cognitive radio (CR) as well as end to end communication access technology for unified monitoring and control in smart grids. Smart Grid (SG) is a new power grid paradigm that can provide predictive information and recommendations to utilities, including their suppliers, and their customers on how best to manage power delivery and consumption. SG can greatly reduce air pollution from our surrounding by renewable power sources such as wind energy, solar plants and huge hydro stations. SG also reduces electricity blackouts and surges. Communication network is the foundation for modern SG. Implementing an improved communication solution will help in addressing the problems of the existing SG. Hence, this study proposed and implemented improved CRSN model which will help to ultimately evade the inherent problems of communication network in the SG such as: energy inefficiency, interference, spectrum inefficiencies, poor quality of service (QoS), latency and throughput. To overcome these problems, the existing approach which is more predominant is the use of wireless sensor network (WSNs) for communication needs in SG. However, WSNs have low battery power, low computational complexity, low bandwidth support, and high latency or delay due to multihop transmission in existing WSN topology. Consequently, solving these problems by addressing energy efficiency, bandwidth or throughput, and latency have not been fully realized due to the limitations in the WSN and the existing network topology. Therefore, existing approach has not fully addressed the communication needs in SG. SG can be fully realized by integrating communication network technologies infrastructures into the power grid. Cognitive Radio-based Sensor Network (CRSN) is considered a feasible solution to enhance various aspects of the electric power grid such as communication with end and remote devices in real-time manner for efficient monitoring and to realize maximum benefits of a smart grid system. CRSN in SG is aimed at addressing the problem of spectrum inefficiency and interference which wireless sensor network (WSN) could not. However, numerous challenges for CRSNs are due to the harsh environmental wireless condition in a smart grid system. As a result, latency, throughput and reliability become critical issues. To overcome these challenges, lots of approaches can be adopted ranging from integration of CRSNs into SGs; proper implementation design model for SG; reliable communication access devices for SG; key immunity requirements for communication infrastructure in SG; up to communication network protocol optimization and so on. To this end, this study utilized the National Institute of Standard (NIST) framework for SG interoperability in the design of unified communication network architecture including implementation model for guaranteed quality of service (QoS) of smart grid applications. This involves virtualized network in form of multi-homing comprising low power wide area network (LPWAN) devices such as LTE CAT1/LTE-M, and TV white space band device (TVBD). Simulation and analysis show that the performance of the developed modules architecture outperforms the legacy wireless systems in terms of latency, blocking probability, and throughput in SG harsh environmental condition. In addition, the problem of multi correlation fading channels due to multi antenna channels of the sensor nodes in CRSN based SG has been addressed by the performance analysis of a moment generating function (MGF) based M-QAM error probability over Nakagami-q dual correlated fading channels with maximum ratio combiner (MRC) receiver technique which includes derivation and novel algorithmic approach. The results of the MATLAB simulation are provided as a guide for sensor node deployment in order to avoid the problem of multi correlation in CRSN based SGs. SGs application requires reliable and efficient communication with low latency in timely manner as well as adequate topology of sensor nodes deployment for guaranteed QoS. Another important requirement is the need for an optimized protocol/algorithms for energy efficiency and cross layer spectrum aware made possible for opportunistic spectrum access in the CRSN nodes. Consequently, an optimized cross layer interaction of the physical and MAC layer protocols using various novel algorithms and techniques was developed. This includes a novel energy efficient distributed heterogeneous clustered spectrum aware (EDHC- SA) multichannel sensing signal model with novel algorithm called Equilateral triangulation algorithm for guaranteed network connectivity in CRSN based SG. The simulation results further obtained confirm that EDHC-SA CRSN model outperforms conventional ZigBee WSN in terms of bit error rate (BER), end-to-end delay (latency) and energy consumption. This no doubt validates the suitability of the developed model in SG

Application of Different Rates of N:P:K Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield Components of Upland Rice in Rice-Soybean Intercropping System

Nigeria is one of the fastest developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa and hence, there is an urgent need to invest in agriculture to boost food production to meet the citizen's nutritional need and for export. Due to increasing population, urbanization and industrialization in Nigeria especially in the South East with small land mass, intercropping is highly recommended. A two-year field experiment was carried in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to assess the effect of application of different rates of N:P:K fertilizer on the growth and yield components of upland rice in rice-soybean intercropping system. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment includes rice–soybean with five levels of N:P:K 15 :15 :15 (0kg, 100kg, 200kg, 300kg, and 400kg) fertilizer rates as well as rice sole and soybean sole .The result showed that the Interaction of upland rice and soybean with N:P:K fertilizer significantly affected the plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, number of panicles per plant and number of seeds per plant of rice. Based on the result of this investigation, it was observed that cropping system and increased fertilizer rates positively affected the growth and yield component of upland rice. It was noted that among the N:P:K fertilizer rate (400 kg) gave the highest growth and yield component of upland rice in rice/soybean intercropping system. 

Evaluation of Short-Term Haematological and Nephro-Toxic Effects of Chloroquine, and Artemether-Lumefantrine in Albino Rats

The present study was designed to evaluate of short-term haematological and nephrotoxic effects of chloroquine, and artemether-lumefantrine in albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats, 12–13 weeks of age, weighing 156 – 179 g were procured and used for this study. The rats were assigned into five groups of twelve rats per group replicated 3 times (4 rats per replicate). The groups were: 1. control group (CONTL GRP), 2. high dose artemether Lumefantrine (HD ARTEM LUMF. 4/24 mg/ml), 3. low dose artemether-lumefantrine (LD ARTEM LUMF. 2/12 mg/ml), 4. high dose chloroquine (HD CHLQN. 20 mg/ml) and 5. low dose chloroquine (LD CHLQN. 10 mg/ml)). Rats in the Control group were administered an equivalent volume of placebo (distilled water) according to body weight. Treatment was done daily and lasted for 3 days. The administration was orally using plastic syringes attached to a metal oropharyngeal cannula. Both doses of chloroquine (20 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) did not have a significant effect on various blood parameters (WBC, Neu, Lym, Mon, Eos, Bas, RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW-CV, RDW-SD, PLT, MPV and PDW) in rats, except for HCT and PCT, where both doses caused a significant increase. Similarly, high and low doses of artemether-lumefantrine (4/24 mg/ml and 2/12 mg/ml) and chloroquine did not significantly affect urea and creatinine levels in rats compared to the control. The administration of chloroquine and artemether-lumefantrine did not have a significant impact on blood parameters and renal function in rats, except for a notable increase in HCT and PCT. Keywords: Artemether-Lumefantrine, Chloroquine, Haematology, Nephrotoxicity, Effects, Rats DOI: 10.7176/ALST/99-02 Publication date:August 31st 202

Stromal Cells and Extracellular Vesicles

Stromal cells are stem cells in the bone marrow microenvironment that can ‘talk’ with neighbouring and distant cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. Stromal cells propagate this intercellular communication via cytokines, growth factors as well as small extracellular vesicles. The interaction between stromal cells and the haematopoietic stem cells, is crucial in the regulation of haematopoiesis. Aberration in this regulatory process will lead to the development of various diseases, including cancer. These stromal cells also play important role in the patient’s response to cancer therapy. As a result, these stromal cells may be crucial in the development and metastasis of cancer within the bone marrow microenvironment. In this chapter, we will explore the role of these stromal cells in carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis

Exogenous heat shock proteins HSPA1A and HSPB1 regulate TNF ‐α, IL ‐1β and IL ‐10 secretion from monocytic cells

From Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2023-04-17, rev-recd 2023-07-31, accepted 2023-08-14, epub 2023-08-25Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedEndogenous molecules, such as heat shock proteins (HSP), can function as danger signals when released into the extracellular environment in response to cell stress, where they elicit an immune response such as cytokine secretion. There has also been some suggestion that contamination of exogenous HSPs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be responsible for these effects. This study investigates the effects of exogenous HSPA1A and HSPB1 on the activation of immune cells and the resulting secretion of cytokines, which are involved in inflammatory responses. To address whether exogenous HSPs can directly activate cytokine secretion, naïve U937 cells, differentiated U937 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with either exogenously applied HSPA1A or HSPB1 and then secreted IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐10 were measured by ELISA. Both HSPs were able to induce a dose‐dependent increase in IL‐10 secretion from naïve U937 cells and dose‐dependent IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐10 secretion were also observed in differentiated U937 cells and PBMCs. We also observed that CD14 affects the secretion levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐10 from cells in response to exogenous HSP treatment. In addition, HSPA1A and HSPB1 were shown to interact with CD14, CD36 and CD11b extracellular receptor proteins. Several approaches used in this study indicate that HSP‐induced cytokine secretion is largely independent of any contaminating LPS in the samples

Chemical Speciation and Mobility of Heavy Metals in Soils Around Nasara Sack and Packaging Company Akwanga, Nigeria

This study quantified and assessed the mobility of iron, nickel, cobalt and lead in soils around a sack and packaging company using indices such as mobility factor and risk assessment code. The results evaluating the mobility factor of heavy metals in soils around the sack and packaging company reveal that all the metals determined exceed the minimum limit of 10% mobility factor and are mobile with the mobility factor being in the order of: Ni > Pb > Co > Fe in the test soil. The risk assessment of heavy metals in the area based on risk assessment code ranged from low risk to medium risk (1-30%) where the risk level of the heavy metals is in the order:  Co > Ni > Pb > Fe in the test soil

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Moringa Oleifera in Lead Poisoning: An Investigation of its Effects on Blood Lead Levels and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Objective: Lead poisoning is a global public health problem that has been associated with poor treatment outcomes. We therefore evaluated the ability of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) to reduce blood lead level (BLL) and lead-induced oxidative stress in relation to dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in albino wister rats. Methods: Thirty rats were allocated into five groups consisted of 6 rats each. Control group (A) received normal rat chow and water ad libitum for 12 weeks. Group (B-E) initially received 100 mg/kg body weight lead acetate per oral for 6 weeks. Thereafter, groups B, C, D and E received DMSA and different doses of M. oleifera and their combination for another 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected prior to treatment, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks post-treatment for the analysis of BLL, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Results: BLL and MDA increased significantly (p<0.05) while serum SOD, CAT, and GST activities decreased significantly (p<0.05) from their pre-treatment levels after 6 weeks of lead acetate administration. However, 400 mg/kg body weight M. oleifera administration after 12 weeks post-treatment significantly (p<0.05) decreased 6 weeks BLL by (40.5%); MDA (52%); and significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of serum SOD by (35%); CAT (26.3%); and GST (53%). Conclusion: M. oleifera was observed to not only effectively reduce blood lead levels but also ameliorate lead induced oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidant activities. M. oleifera may therefore, serve as an alternative therapeutic approach to lead poisoning especially in resource limited settings

Gender Comparison Of Alpha-Fetoprotein, CD4, Albumin and Some Liver Enzymes in Symptomatic HIV Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy

The emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has remained an issue of global discuss till date as it continues to invade and ravage the world’s population despite the efforts been made globally at tackling the impact of the virus. This is a case controlled study designed to comparatively evaluate the alpha-fetoprotein, CD4+ T-cell count, albumin and some liver enzymes activities in male and female symptomatic HIV subjects on antiretroviral therapy in NAUTH Nnewi, South Eastern Nigeria. A total of seventy one (71) participants who were aged between 18 and 60 years attending the voluntary counseling and testing unit (VCT) and antiretroviral therapy unit (ART) of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi as well as 25 control subjects were randomly recruited for the study    . CD4 count, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase activities were estimated by standard laboratory methods. Results showed no significant differences in the mean values of AFP, CD4 count, albumin, ALT, AST and ALP  compared between male and female symptomatic HIV infected individuals on ART and symptomatic HIV infected male and female subjects NOT on ART (p>0.05) respectively. Also, there was no significant difference in ALT and AST activities when compared between male and female HIV seronegative control (p>0.05) although ALP activity was significantly higher in female control subjects than in males (p=0.01). This revealed no gender specific differences in mean values of alpha fetoprotein, albumin, CD4 T-cell count, and liver enzyme activities between male and female HIV infected symptomatic individuals on antiretroviral therapy and symptomatic HIV infected persons NOT on antiretroviral therapy